B. Lonc, Alexandre Aubry, Hafeda Bakhti, M. Christofi, Hassane Aissaoui-Mehrez
{"title":"Feasibility and Benchmarking of Post-Quantum Cryptography in the Cooperative ITS Ecosystem","authors":"B. Lonc, Alexandre Aubry, Hafeda Bakhti, M. Christofi, Hassane Aissaoui-Mehrez","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136335","url":null,"abstract":"Localized communication between vehicles and their surrounding environment (V2X) is a key technology to enable Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) aiming at road safety, traffic flow and driving comfort. Security services based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for authenticity and confidentiality (mostly application-dependent) have been chosen to meet the hard constraints of low latency safety communications and limited bandwidth radio communication in dense traffic conditions. Due to threats raised by Quantum Computers (QC), the classical asymmetric cryptographic algorithms could be broken impacting the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)-based security solutions, with negative safety consequences on the (semi)-autonomous vehicles and road users. Our project (TAM: Trusted Autonomous Mobility) [18] is focusing on end-to-end cybersecurity and privacy for innovative services in the field of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM). One main objective is to find suitable quantum safe schemes to replace the current cryptographic standards based on ECC which are used in V2X communications. After defining the main requirements and key performance indicators for C-ITS, a benchmarking of current NIST pre-standards PQC algorithms was performed to assess the feasibility and performances in C-ITS applications and based on the results a best fit solution is selected.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poster: Lightweight Features Sharing for Real-Time Object Detection in Cooperative Driving","authors":"Faisal Hawlader, François Robinet, R. Frank","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136339","url":null,"abstract":"In model partitioning for real-time object detection, part of the model is deployed on a vehicle, and the remaining layers are processed in the cloud. Model partitioning requires transmitting intermediate features to the cloud, which can be problematic, given that the latency requirements are strict. This paper addresses this issue by demonstrating a lightweight feature-sharing strategy while investigating a trade-off between detection quality and latency. We report details on layer partitioning, such as which layers to split in order to achieve the desired accuracy.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automotive Container Orchestration: Requirements, Challenges and Open Directions","authors":"N. Nayak, Dennis Grewe, S. Schildt","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136278","url":null,"abstract":"After having changed the landscape of software development and operations in cloud computing, virtualization technologies such as containers have now become a technology of interest for in-vehicular E/E architectures. Packaging software components and all their dependencies into portable containers is promising to simplify the deployments on modern in-vehicle platforms. A key component to distribute and manage containerized applications within a computing system is the orchestrator. As a logically centralized component, it is responsible to deploy, manage and monitor containerized applications and their health state and migrate them if necessary, e.g., in event of failures. However, the design of the existing orchestration solutions, such as Kubernetes (k8s), is mainly driven by cloud or IoT applications, not addressing the requirements of automotive applications such as heterogeneous communication networks or functional safety. In this paper, we discuss the functions of an automotive grade container orchestrator in an in-vehicular network and elicit its requirements. We explore k3s, a specialized orchestration framework for edge computing, and highlight its shortcomings for usage in automotive networks. Finally, we conclude with a set of open challenges and directions towards the development of an automotive grade container orchestrator.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122365143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Protocols for Cooperative Maneuvers Among Connected and Automated Vehicles","authors":"Bernhard Häfner, J. Ott, G. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136344","url":null,"abstract":"Future automated vehicles will also cooperatively perform maneuvers. Researchers have recently proposed diverse application-layer protocols to enable such cooperative maneuvers via vehicle-to-everything communication. However, every study uses its own set of metrics, making the results hard to compare. In this paper, we propose a framework comprising existing and new metrics for cooperation protocols that enables researchers to examine their protocols in comparable ways. Some of them are based on simulation, others on real-world implementation. We also evaluate two example protocols according to the framework to show its applicability. We hope to initiate a discussion on relevant and suitable metrics for cooperation protocols and to contribute to making future research on cooperation protocols more objectively comparable.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125481976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivo Zenden, Han Wang, Alfonso Iacovazzi, A. Vahidi, R. Blom, S. Raza
{"title":"On the Resilience of Machine Learning-Based IDS for Automotive Networks","authors":"Ivo Zenden, Han Wang, Alfonso Iacovazzi, A. Vahidi, R. Blom, S. Raza","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136285","url":null,"abstract":"Modern automotive functions are controlled by a large number of small computers called electronic control units (ECUs). These functions span from safety-critical autonomous driving to comfort and infotainment. ECUs communicate with one another over multiple internal networks using different technologies. Some, such as Controller Area Network (CAN), are very simple and provide minimal or no security services. Machine learning techniques can be used to detect anomalous activities in such networks. However, it is necessary that these machine learning techniques are not prone to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we investigate adversarial sample vulnerabilities in four different machine learning-based intrusion detection systems for automotive networks. We show that adversarial samples negatively impact three of the four studied solutions. Furthermore, we analyze transferability of adversarial samples between different systems. We also investigate detection performance and the attack success rate after using adversarial samples in the training. After analyzing these results, we discuss whether current solutions are mature enough for a use in modern vehicles.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelo Feraudo, Alessandro Calvio, Armir Bujari, P. Bellavista
{"title":"A Novel Design for Advanced 5G Deployment Environments with Virtualized Resources at Vehicular and MEC Nodes","authors":"Angelo Feraudo, Alessandro Calvio, Armir Bujari, P. Bellavista","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136327","url":null,"abstract":"IoT and edge computing are profoundly changing the information era, bringing a hyper-connected and context-aware computing environment to reality. Connected vehicles are a critical outcome of this synergy, allowing for the seamless interconnection of autonomous mobile/fixed objects, giving rise to a decentralized vehicle-to-everything (V2X) paradigm. On this front, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposed the Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) standard, addressing the execution of cloud-like services at the very edge of the infrastructure, thus facilitating the support of low-latency services at the far-edge. In this article, we go a step further and propose a novel ETSI MEC-compliant architecture that fully exploits the synergies between the edge and far-edge, extending the pool of virtualized resources available at MEC nodes with vehicular ones found in the vicinity. In particular, our approach allows vehicle entities to access and partake in a negotiation process embodying a rewarding scheme, while addressing resource volatility as vehicles join and leave the resource pool. To demonstrate the viability and flexibility of our proposed approach, we have built an ETSI MEC-compliant simulation model, which could be tailored to distribute application requests based on the availability of both local and remote resources, managing their transparent migration and execution. In addition, the paper reports on the experimental validation of our proposal in a 5G network setting, contrasting different service delivery modes, by highlighting the potential of the dynamic exploitation of far-edge vehicular resources.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"26 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120852501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mueller, Timo Häckel, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, T. Schmidt
{"title":"Authenticated and Secure Automotive Service Discovery with DNSSEC and DANE","authors":"M. Mueller, Timo Häckel, Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, T. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136332","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive softwarization is progressing and future cars are expected to operate a Service-Oriented Architecture on multipurpose compute units, which are interconnected via a high-speed Ethernet backbone. The AUTOSAR architecture foresees a universal middleware called SOME/IP that provides the service primitives, interfaces, and application protocols on top of Ethernet and IP. SOME/IP lacks a robust security architecture, even though security is an essential in future Internet-connected vehicles. In this paper, we augment the SOME/IP service discovery with an authentication and certificate management scheme based on DNSSEC and DANE. We argue that the deployment of well-proven, widely tested standard protocols should serve as an appropriate basis for a robust and reliable security infrastructure in cars. Our solution enables on-demand service authentication in offline scenarios, easy online updates, and remains free of attestation collisions. We evaluate our extension of the common vsomeip stack and find performance values that fully comply with car operations.","PeriodicalId":185840,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122560216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}