Military Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA testing in pleural effusion for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy: a multicenter cross-sectional study.","authors":"Wei-Li Du, Jian-Qin Liang, Xin-Ting Yang, Cheng-Jun Li, Qing-Feng Wang, Wen-Ge Han, Ye Li, Zhi-Hui Li, Dong-Mei Zhao, Fu-Dong Xu, Yan-Xiao Rong, Xiao-Jing Cui, Hui-Min Li, Feng Wang, Peng-Chong Liu, Dong-Lin Guo, Hai-Bin Wang, Xu-Ya Xing, Jia-Lu Che, Zi-Chen Liu, Na-Na Zhang, Kun Li, Yi Liu, Li Wang, Hai-Bo Wang, Nan-Ying Che","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00567-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00567-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) presents a significant challenge due to the low bacterial load in pleural effusion (PE) samples. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA (cf-TB) in PE samples is considered an optimal biomarker for diagnosing TP. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of cf-TB testing across diverse research sites with a relatively large sample size.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients suspected of TP and presenting with clinical symptoms and radiological evidence of PE were consecutively enrolled by treating physicians from 11 research sites across 6 provinces in China between April 2020 and August 2022. Following centrifugation, sediments obtained from PE were used for Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and mycobacterial culture, while the supernatants were subjected to cf-TB testing. This study employed a composite reference standard to definite TP, which was characterized by any positive result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) through either PE culture, PE Xpert, or pleural biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1412 participants underwent screening, and 1344 (95.2%) were subsequently enrolled in this study. Data from 1241 (92.3%) participants were included, comprising 284 with definite TP, 677 with clinically diagnosed TP, and 280 without TP. The sensitivity of cf-TB testing in definite TP was 73.6% (95% CI 68.2-78.4), significantly higher than both Xpert (40.8%, 95% CI 35.3-46.7, P < 0.001) and mycobacterial culture (54.2%, 95% CI 48.4-59.9, P < 0.001). When clinically diagnosed TP was incorporated into the composite reference standard for sensitivity analysis, cf-TB testing showed a sensitivity of 46.8% (450/961, 95% CI 43.7-50.0), significantly higher than both Xpert (116/961, 12.1%, 95% CI 10.2-14.3, P < 0.001) and mycobacterial culture (154/961, 16.0%, 95% CI 13.8-18.5, P < 0.001). The specificities of cf-TB testing, Xpert, and mycobacterial culture were all 100.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The performance of cf-TB testing is significantly superior to that of Xpert and mycobacterial culture methods, indicating that it can be considered as the primary diagnostic approach for improving TP detection. Trial registration The trial was registered on Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000031680, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=49316 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDA-approved cannabidiol [Epidiolex^®] alleviates Gulf War Illness-linked cognitive and mood dysfunction, hyperalgesia, neuroinflammatory signaling, and declined neurogenesis.","authors":"Maheedhar Kodali, Leelavathi N Madhu, Venkata Sai Vashishta Kolla, Sahithi Attaluri, Charles Huard, Yogish Somayaji, Bing Shuai, Chase Jordan, Xiaolan Rao, Sanath Shetty, Ashok K Shetty","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00563-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00563-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic Gulf War Illness (GWI) is characterized by cognitive and mood impairments, as well as persistent neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Epidiolex^®, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cannabidiol (CBD), in improving brain function in a rat model of chronic GWI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six months after exposure to low doses of GWI-related chemicals [pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin (PER)] along with moderate stress, rats with chronic GWI were administered either vehicle (VEH) or CBD (20 mg/kg, oral) for 16 weeks. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted on 11 weeks after treatment initiation to evaluate the performance of rats in tasks related to associative recognition memory, object location memory, pattern separation, and sucrose preference. The effect of CBD on hyperalgesia was also examined. The brain tissues were processed for immunohistochemical and molecular studies following behavioral tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GWI rats treated with VEH exhibited impairments in all cognitive tasks and anhedonia, whereas CBD-treated GWI rats showed improvements in all cognitive tasks and no anhedonia. Additionally, CBD treatment alleviated hyperalgesia in GWI rats. Analysis of hippocampal tissues from VEH-treated rats revealed astrocyte hypertrophy and increased percentages of activated microglia presenting NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) complexes as well as elevated levels of proteins involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. Furthermore, there were increased concentrations of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers along with decreased neurogenesis. In contrast, the hippocampus from CBD-treated GWI rats displayed reduced levels of proteins mediating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and JAK/STAT signaling, normalized concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, and improved neurogenesis. Notably, CBD treatment did not alter the concentration of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of an FDA-approved CBD (Epidiolex^®) has been shown to effectively alleviate cognitive and mood impairments as well as hyperalgesia associated with chronic GWI. Importantly, the improvements observed in rats with chronic GWI in this study were attributed to the ability of CBD to significantly suppress signaling pathways that perpetuate chronic neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent medicine in focus: the 5 stages of evolution in robot-assisted surgery for prostate cancer in the past 20 years and future implications.","authors":"Jia-Kun Li, Tong Tang, Hui Zong, Er-Man Wu, Jing Zhao, Rong-Rong Wu, Xiao-Nan Zheng, Heng Zhang, Yi-Fan Li, Xiang-Hong Zhou, Chi-Chen Zhang, Zi-Long Zhang, Yi-Hang Zhang, Wei-Zhe Feng, Yi Zhou, Jiao Wang, Qi-Yu Zhu, Qi Deng, Jia-Ming Zheng, Lu Yang, Qiang Wei, Bai-Rong Shen","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00566-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00566-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robot-assisted surgery has evolved into a crucial treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). However, from its appearance to today, brain-computer interface, virtual reality, and metaverse have revolutionized the field of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Especially in the context of contemporary big data and precision medicine, facing the heterogeneity of PCa and the complexity of clinical problems, it still needs to be continuously upgraded and improved. Keeping this in mind, this article summarized the 5 stages of the historical development of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, encompassing the stages of emergence, promotion, development, maturity, and intelligence. Initially, safety concerns were paramount, but subsequent research and engineering advancements have focused on enhancing device efficacy, surgical technology, and achieving precise multi modal treatment. The dominance of da Vinci robot-assisted surgical system has seen this evolution intimately tied to its successive versions. In the future, robot-assisted surgery for PCa will move towards intelligence, promising improved patient outcomes and personalized therapy, alongside formidable challenges. To guide future development, we propose 10 significant prospects spanning clinical, research, engineering, materials, social, and economic domains, envisioning a future era of artificial intelligence in the surgical treatment of PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting mitochondrial quality control: new therapeutic strategies for major diseases.","authors":"Wei-Long Hong, He Huang, Xue Zeng, Chen-Yang Duan","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00556-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00556-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells. Hence, ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Previous reviews on this topic have however been inconsistencies and lack of systematic organization. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of mitochondrial quality control and explore the possibility of targeting the same for the treatment of major diseases. This review systematically summarizes three fundamental characteristics of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, function and metabolism, and protein expression and regulation. It also extensively examines how imbalances in mitochondrial quality are linked to major diseases, such as ischemia-hypoxia, inflammatory disorders, viral infections, metabolic dysregulations, degenerative conditions, and tumors. Additionally, the review explores innovative approaches to target mitochondrial quality control, including using small molecule drugs that regulate critical steps in maintaining mitochondrial quality, nanomolecular materials designed for precise targeting of mitochondria, and novel cellular therapies, such as vesicle therapy and mitochondrial transplantation. This review offers a novel perspective on comprehending the shared mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of major diseases and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical implementation of innovative therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial quality control for treating major diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prediction model for moderate to severe acute kidney injury in people with heart failure.","authors":"Yu-Qi Yang, Jing-Jing Da, Sheng Nie, Jing Yuan, Bi-Cheng Liu, Hua-Feng Liu, Qiong-Qiong Yang, Hua Li, Gang Xu, Jian-Ping Weng, Yao-Zhong Kong, Qi-Jun Wan, Gui-Sen Li, Chun-Bo Chen, Hong Xu, Ying Hu, Yong-Jun Shi, Yi-Lun Zhou, Guo-Bin Su, Ying Tang, Fan-Fan Hou, Yan Zha","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00558-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00558-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of early administration of tetracosactide on mortality and host response in critically ill patients requiring rescue surgery: a sensitivity analysis of the STOPSHOCK phase 3 randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Giorgio Noera, Alfio Bertolini, Laura Calzà, Mercedes Gori, Annalisa Pitino, Graziella D'Arrigo, Colin Gerard Egan, Giovanni Tripepi","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00555-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00555-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undifferentiated shock is recognized as a criticality state that is transitional in immune-mediated topology for casual risk of lethal microcirculatory dysfunction. This was a sensitivity analysis of a drug (tetracosactide; TCS10) targeting melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in a phase 3 randomized controlled trial to improve cardiovascular surgical rescue outcome by reversing mortality and hemostatic disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sensitivity analysis was based on a randomized, two-arm, multicenter, double-blind, controlled trial. The Naïve Bayes classifier was performed by density-based sensitivity index for principal strata as proportional hazard model of 30-day surgical risk mortality according to European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation inputs-outputs in 100 consecutive cases (from August to September 2013 from Emilia Romagna region, Italy). Patients included an agent-based TCS10 group (10 mg, single intravenous bolus before surgery; n = 56) and control group (n = 44) and the association with cytokines, lactate, and bleeding-blood transfusion episodes with the prior-risk log-odds for mortality rate in time-to-event was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-day mortality was significantly improved in the TCS10 group vs. control group (0 vs. 8 deaths, P < 0.0001). Baseline levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and lactate were associated with bleeding episodes, independent of TCS10 treatment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.79; OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.17-2.12; and OR = 2.92, 95%CI 1.40-6.66, respectively], while baseline level of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) was associated with lower bleeding rates in TCS10-treated patients (OR = 0.31, 95%CI 0.11-0.90, P = 0.03). For every 8 TCS10-treated patients, 1 bleeding case was avoided. Blood transfusion episodes were significantly reduced in the TCS10 group compared to the control group (OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.14-0.73, P = 0.01). For every 4 TCS10-treated patients, 1 transfusion case was avoided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity index underlines the quality target product profile of TCS10 in the runway of emergency casualty care. To introduce the technology readiness level in real-life critically ill patients, further large-scale studies are required.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT Number: 2007-006445-41 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National age-specific mortality trends for cervical and breast cancers in urban-rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021: a population-based analysis.","authors":"Meng-Long Li, Jin-Lei Qi, Ya-Qi Ma, Wen Shu, Hui-Di Xiao, Li-Jun Wang, Peng Yin, Hao-Yan Guo, Sten H Vermund, Mai-Geng Zhou, Yi-Fei Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00561-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00561-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women. This study aimed to examine age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in urban and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age-specific mortality data for cervical and breast cancers among Chinese women aged 20-84 years were obtained from China's National Disease Surveillance Points system spanning the years 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial regression models were utilized to assess urban-rural differences in mortality rate ratios, while Joinpoint models with estimated average annual percent changes (AAPC) and slopes were employed to compare temporal trends and the acceleration of mortality rates within different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2009 to 2021, there was a relative increase in age-specific mortality associated with the two cancers observed in rural areas compared with urban areas. A rising trend in the screening age of 35-64 [AAPC: 4.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-7.6%, P = 0.026] for cervical cancer was noted in rural areas, while a stable trend (AAPC: - 0.7%, 95% CI - 5.8 to 4.6%, P = 0.78) was observed in urban areas. As for breast cancer, a stable trend (AAPC: 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.3 to 0.9%, P = 0.28) was observed in rural areas compared to a decreasing trend (AAPC: - 2.7%, 95% CI - 4.6 to - 0.7%, P = 0.007) in urban areas. Urban-rural differences in mortality rates increased over time for cervical cancer but decreased for breast cancer. Mortality trends for both cervical and breast cancers showed an increase with age across 4 segments, with the most significant surge in mortality observed among the 35-54 age group across urban and rural areas, periods, and regions in China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Special attention should be given to women aged 35-54 years due to mortality trends and rural-urban disparities. Focusing on vulnerable age groups and addressing rural-urban differences in the delivery of cancer control programs can enhance resource efficiency and promote health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital hydrocephalus: a review of recent advances in genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms","authors":"Xiu-Yun Liu, Xin Song, Marek Czosnyka, Chiara Robba, Zofia Czosnyka, Jennifer Lee Summers, Hui-Jie Yu, Guo-Yi Gao, Peter Smielewski, Fang Guo, Mei-Jun Pang, Dong Ming","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00560-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-024-00560-5","url":null,"abstract":"The global prevalence rate for congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is approximately one out of every five hundred births with multifaceted predisposing factors at play. Genetic influences stand as a major contributor to CH pathogenesis, and epidemiological evidence suggests their involvement in up to 40% of all cases observed globally. Knowledge about an individual’s genetic susceptibility can significantly improve prognostic precision while aiding clinical decision-making processes. However, the precise genetic etiology has only been pinpointed in fewer than 5% of human instances. More occurrences of CH cases are required for comprehensive gene sequencing aimed at uncovering additional potential genetic loci. A deeper comprehension of its underlying genetics may offer invaluable insights into the molecular and cellular basis of this brain disorder. This review provides a summary of pertinent genes identified through gene sequencing technologies in humans, in addition to the 4 genes currently associated with CH (two X-linked genes L1CAM and AP1S2, two autosomal recessive MPDZ and CCDC88C). Others predominantly participate in aqueduct abnormalities, ciliary movement, and nervous system development. The prospective CH-related genes revealed through animal model gene-editing techniques are further outlined, focusing mainly on 4 pathways, namely cilia synthesis and movement, ion channels and transportation, Reissner’s fiber (RF) synthesis, cell apoptosis, and neurogenesis. Notably, the proper functioning of motile cilia provides significant impulsion for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation within the brain ventricles while mutations in cilia-related genes constitute a primary cause underlying this condition. So far, only a limited number of CH-associated genes have been identified in humans. The integration of genotype and phenotype for disease diagnosis represents a new trend in the medical field. Animal models provide insights into the pathogenesis of CH and contribute to our understanding of its association with related complications, such as renal cysts, scoliosis, and cardiomyopathy, as these genes may also play a role in the development of these diseases. Genes discovered in animals present potential targets for new treatments but require further validation through future human studies.","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the mechanism of small nucleolar RNA and its role in DNA damage response.","authors":"Li-Ping Shen, Wen-Cheng Zhang, Jia-Rong Deng, Zhen-Hua Qi, Zhong-Wu Lin, Zhi-Dong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00553-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00553-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were previously regarded as a class of functionally conserved housekeeping genes, primarily involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis by ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification. However, some of them are involved in several biological processes via complex molecular mechanisms. DNA damage response (DDR) is a conserved mechanism for maintaining genomic stability to prevent the occurrence of various human diseases. It has recently been revealed that snoRNAs are involved in DDR at multiple levels, indicating their relevant theoretical and clinical significance in this field. The present review systematically addresses four main points, including the biosynthesis and classification of snoRNAs, the mechanisms through which snoRNAs regulate target molecules, snoRNAs in the process of DDR, and the significance of snoRNA in disease diagnosis and treatment. It focuses on the potential functions of snoRNAs in DDR to help in the discovery of the roles of snoRNAs in maintaining genome stability and pathological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance of development, validation, and evaluation of algorithms for populating health status in observational studies of routinely collected data (DEVELOP-RCD).","authors":"Wen Wang, Ying-Hui Jin, Mei Liu, Qiao He, Jia-Yue Xu, Ming-Qi Wang, Guo-Wei Li, Bo Fu, Si-Yu Yan, Kang Zou, Xin Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40779-024-00559-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40779-024-00559-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the utilization of observational studies that make use of routinely collected healthcare data (RCD). These studies rely on algorithms to identify specific health conditions (e.g. diabetes or sepsis) for statistical analyses. However, there has been substantial variation in the algorithm development and validation, leading to frequently suboptimal performance and posing a significant threat to the validity of study findings. Unfortunately, these issues are often overlooked.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically developed guidance for the development, validation, and evaluation of algorithms designed to identify health status (DEVELOP-RCD). Our initial efforts involved conducting both a narrative review and a systematic review of published studies on the concepts and methodological issues related to algorithm development, validation, and evaluation. Subsequently, we conducted an empirical study on an algorithm for identifying sepsis. Based on these findings, we formulated specific workflow and recommendations for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation within the guidance. Finally, the guidance underwent independent review by a panel of 20 external experts who then convened a consensus meeting to finalize it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A standardized workflow for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation was established. Guided by specific health status considerations, the workflow comprises four integrated steps: assessing an existing algorithm's suitability for the target health status; developing a new algorithm using recommended methods; validating the algorithm using prescribed performance measures; and evaluating the impact of the algorithm on study results. Additionally, 13 good practice recommendations were formulated with detailed explanations. Furthermore, a practical study on sepsis identification was included to demonstrate the application of this guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The establishment of guidance is intended to aid researchers and clinicians in the appropriate and accurate development and application of algorithms for identifying health status from RCD. This guidance has the potential to enhance the credibility of findings from observational studies involving RCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18581,"journal":{"name":"Military Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}