Medical Gas Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of nitrous oxide on end-tidal carbon dioxide measurements in spontaneously breathing patients under general anesthesia.","authors":"Pothireddy Sreenivasulu, Rangraj Setlur, Shalendra Singh, George Cherian Ambooken","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.324593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.324593","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, It is common practice to administer nitrous oxide (N2O) along with inhalational anesthetic agents to take advantage of its additive effect on minimal alveolar concentration levels. Measurement of the end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) concentrations is a component of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Standards for Basic IntraOperative Monitoring and has become standard of care for patients undergoing general anesthesia. We write to discuss two mechanisms where the use of N2O can erroneously alter the EtCO2 levels. A 26-year-old male, with a left radial nerve injury, was posted for tendon transplantation. He underwent tendon transplantation under general anesthesia and spontaneously breathed with a supraglottic airway device (I-gel: size 4). Adequate depth of anesthesia and analgesia was maintained to prevent tachypnoea, sighing, intra-operative awareness, and movement. Ten minutes into the surgery, a gradual rise in the EtCO2 level was noted in spite of constant ventilatory parameters. The intra-operative parameter measures are given in Table 1. This rise in the measured level of EtCO2 may be explained by an insufficiently narrow infrared filter used for measurement of EtCO2 levels, or by a collision broadening phenomenon. (i) Insufficiently narrow infrared filter: The standard capnograph works on the principle that carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation. When infrared light of a spectrum is passed through a gas mixture containing CO2, some of the infrared light is absorbed, and less amount of light reaches the sensor at the opposite end. However, the presence of N2O in the gas mixture may interfere with this because of the similar infrared absorption spectra of both gases (4.5 μM for N2O and 4.3 μM for CO2). Therefore, the use of an insufficiently narrow infrared filter sensor of the monitor may lead to an erroneously high EtCO2 reading, and the same may be corrected by using an infrared filter sensor with a narrower absorption range. (ii) Collision broadening phenomenon1: This refers to the phenomenon of the spectral absorption peak of a gas being broadened owing to the collision or proximity of molecules of another gas. Therefore, due to this phenomenon, the presence of co-administered N2O in the fresh gas flow would cause a broadening of the spectral gas absorption peak of CO2. This broadening of the spectral absorption peak causes a falsely high EtCO2 reading. While this is a common phenomenon, most monitors have an electronic compensation to account for this effect wherein the monitor is calibrated with a gas mixture that contains the same background gas concentration as that to be analyzed. Additionally, various correction factors have also been studied wherein the actual EtCO2 can be derived from the measured EtCO2, with the correction factors differing according to the amount of N2O present in the fresh gas flow. One such factor is as follows (Table 2).2,3 We reported this case as an informal survey of anesthesiolog","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/7b/MGR-12-32.PMC8447951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39393223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenon as a transdermal enhancer for niacinamide in Strat-M™ membranes.","authors":"Evgeny Petrov,&nbsp;Alexander Verkhovskiy","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.320704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.320704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenon is confirmed to diffuse readily through membranes and has properties of transdermal enhancer. In this study, the ability of xenon to regulate the transdermal diffusion of niacinamide was investigated using a model of an artificial skin analogue of Strat-M™ membranes in Franz cells. Based on the data obtained, we found that in the simplified biophysical model of Strat-M™ membranes xenon exerts its enhancer effect based on the heterogeneous nucleation of xenon at the interfaces in the microporous structures of Strat-M™ membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"24-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/45/MGR-12-24.PMC8447954.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39393220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of hydrogen sulfide in central nervous system tumors: a narrative review.","authors":"Wei Peng,&nbsp;Meng-Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.324590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.324590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system tumors are classified as diseases of special clinical significance with high disability and high mortality. In addition to cerebrovascular diseases and craniocerebral injuries, tumors are the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Hydrogen sulfide, the third endogenous gas signaling molecule discovered in humans besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of human diseases. It is reported that hydrogen sulfide not only exerts a wide range of biological effects, but also develops a certain relationship with tumor development and neovascularization. A variety of studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide acts as a vasodilator and angiogenetic factor to facilitate growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this review, the pathological mechanisms and the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the central nervous system tumors are introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/60/MGR-12-6.PMC8447953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of ingestion of hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on stool consistency and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized trial.","authors":"Yoshinori Tanaka,&nbsp;Masataka Kiuchi,&nbsp;Yasuki Higashimura,&nbsp;Yuji Naito,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Koyama","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.318858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A relationship between Bifidobacterium and defecation has previously been reported. Our hypothesis on the effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) proposes that ingestion of AEW, considered possessing antioxidative properties, increases the number of Bifidobacteria and improves stool hardness and gastrointestinal symptoms. A double-blind, randomized study was conducted to evaluate the connection between stool consistency and change in gut microbiota composition induced by drinking hydrogen-dissolved AEW. The participants drank 500 mL of purified tap water or AEW every day for 2 weeks. In this study, drinking AEW did not drastically change gut microbiota, but it appeared to act on a specific bacterial species. Drinking AEW was confirmed to cause an increase in Bifidobacterium. The AEW group also saw stool consistency significantly converge to Bristol stool scale Type 4 (\"normal\"). Therefore, it is highly likely that the gut microbiota will be changed by drinking AEW. This study was retrospectively registered in University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000039507) on February 18, 2020, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Yamanashi (approval No. H30-25) on January 9, 2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/db/MGR-11-138.PMC8374459.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39141448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lactate and carbon monoxide interactions on neuroprotection and neuropreservation.","authors":"Vicki L Mahan","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318862","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2045-9912.318862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactate, historically considered a waste product of anerobic metabolism, is a metabolite in whole-body metabolism needed for normal central nervous system (CNS) functions and a potent signaling molecule and hormone in the CNS. Neuronal activity signals normally induce its formation primarily in astrocytes and production is dependent on anerobic and aerobic metabolisms. Functions are dependent on normal dynamic, expansive, and evolving CNS functions. Levels can change under normal physiologic conditions and with CNS pathology. A readily combusted fuel that is sshuttled throughout the body, lactate is used as an energy source and is needed for CNS hemostasis, plasticity, memory, and excitability. Diffusion beyond the neuron active zone impacts activity of neurons and astrocytes in other areas of the brain. Barriergenesis, function of the blood-brain barrier, and buffering between oxidative metabolism and glycolysis and brain metabolism are affected by lactate. Important to neuroprotection, presence or absence is associated with L-lactate and heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (a gasotransmitter) neuroprotective systems. Effects of carbon monoxide on L-lactate affect neuroprotection - interactions of the gasotransmitter with L-lactate are important to CNS stability, which will be reviewed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"158-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/86/MGR-11-158.PMC8374456.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39142886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized parallel design trial of the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid, dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin in controlling intraoperative bleeding and improving surgical field quality during septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia.","authors":"Hesameddin Modir,&nbsp;Esmail Moshiri,&nbsp;Narges Naseri,&nbsp;Fatemeh Faraji,&nbsp;Amir Almasi-Hashiani","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.318857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this blinded clinical trial, we attempted to compare the efficacy and safety of administering tranexamic acid, dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin in preventing intraoperative bleeding and improving the quality of the surgical field during septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. A total of 105 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty were enrolled and randomly assigned into three groups based on the balanced-block randomization method. First group received 1 μg/kg intravenous injection dexmedetomidine, second group received 10 mg/kg intravenous injection tranexamic acid and third group received 0.5 μg/kg nitroglycerin, intravenously. The study sample was composed of 105 participants with the total mean age of 25.85 ± 6.52 years, and 59.05% of participants were female and the mean of body mass index was 24.34 ± 2.57 kg/m². The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of arterial oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, bleeding rate, duration of surgery, and surgeon satisfaction among the three groups; however, there was a significant difference in the extubation time, recovery time and the dose of administered propofol among the three groups. Dexmedetomidine reduced the dose of administered propofol while increasing the extubation time and recovery time. In the tranexamic acid group compared with the other two groups, the recovery time was shorter. However, all the three drugs could reduce intraoperative bleeding and lead to surgeon satisfaction. It can be concluded that all these three drugs can be utilized to control bleeding and improve the quality of the surgical field but the ultimate decision lies with the anesthesiologist's judgment and the conditions of the patient. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration No. IRCT20141209020258N121) on September 24, 2019 and it was ethically approved by the Ethical Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (approval No. IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.355) on February 24, 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/26/MGR-11-131.PMC8374462.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39075177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of sevoflurane in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: a narrative review.","authors":"Tian-Yu Liang,&nbsp;Song-Yang Peng,&nbsp;Mian Ma,&nbsp;Hai-Ying Li,&nbsp;Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.318860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a phenomenon that the reperfusion of ischemic organs or tissues aggravates their damage, which poses a serious health threat and economic burden to the world. I/R gives rise to a series of physiological and pathological world, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, brain edema, blood-brain barrier destruction, and neuronal death. Therefore, finding effective treatment measures is extremely important to the recovery of I/R patients and the improvement of long-term quality of life. Sevoflurane is an important volatile anesthetic which has been reported to reduce myocardial I/R damage and infarct size. Sevoflurane also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. As reported sevoflurane treatment could reduce nerve function injury, cerebral infarction volume and the level of inflammatory factors. At the same time, there is evidence that sevoflurane can reduce neuron apoptosis and antioxidant stress. The protective effect of sevoflurane in brain injury has been proved to be existed in several aspects, so that a comprehensive understanding of its neuroprotective effect is helpful to exploit new treatment paths for I/R, provide clinicians with new clinical treatment decisions, contribute to the effective treatment of I/R patients and the improvement of quality of life after I/R healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"152-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/1c/MGR-11-152.PMC8374460.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39141449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical ozone therapy in facet joint syndrome: an overview of sonoanatomy, ultrasound-guided injection techniques and potential mechanism of action.","authors":"Eleonora Latini,&nbsp;Enrico Roberto Curci,&nbsp;Sveva Maria Nusca,&nbsp;Alessandra Lacopo,&nbsp;Francesca Musa,&nbsp;Flavia Santoboni,&nbsp;Donatella Trischitta,&nbsp;Mario Vetrano,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Vulpiani","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.318859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facet joint osteoarthritis is the most prevalent source of facet joint pain and represents a significant cause of low back pain. Oxygen-ozone therapy has been shown to have positive results in acute and chronic spinal degeneration diseases and it could be a safe and efficacious alternative to traditional facet joint conservative treatments. This review article explains the interventional facet joint management with ultrasound-guided oxygen-ozone therapy, providing an anatomy/sonoanatomy overview of lumbar facet joints and summarizing the potential mechanism of action of oxygen-ozone in the treatment of facet joint osteoarthritis, not yet fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/b2/MGR-11-145.PMC8374461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39141450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeostatic and endocrine responses as the basis for systemic therapy with medical gases: ozone, xenon and molecular hydrogen.","authors":"Eugene Iv Nazarov,&nbsp;Igor Alb Khlusov,&nbsp;Mami Noda","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318863","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2045-9912.318863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among medical gases, including gases used therapeutically, this review discusses the comparative physiological activity of three gases - ozone (O₃), xenon (Xe) and molecular hydrogen (H₂), which together form representatives of three types of substances - typical oxidizing, inert, and typical reducing agents. Upon analysis of published and proprietary data, we concluded that these three medical gases can manipulate the neuroendocrine system, by modulating the production or release of hormones via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes, or the gastrointestinal pathway. With repeated administration of the gases over time, these modulations become a predictable consequence of conditioned homeostatic reflexes, resulting in regulation of physiological activity. For example, the regular activation of the unconditioned defense reflex in response to repeated intoxication by ozone leads to the formation of an anticipatory stable conditioned response, which counteracts the toxic action of O₃. The concept of a Pavlovian conditioned reflex (or hormoligosis) is a brief metaphor for the understanding the therapeutic effect of systemic ozone therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"174-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/10/MGR-11-174.PMC8374457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39141451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrathecal nalbuphine <i>vs</i>. buprenorphine as an adjuvant in lower limb orthopedic surgeries: a prospective randomized controlled study.","authors":"Sankalp Kaushal,&nbsp;Maya Kamlakar,&nbsp;Jamale Parbati Baburao","doi":"10.4103/2045-9912.318856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.318856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intrathecal nalbuphine and buprenorphine as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine (0.5%) for spinal anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia (onset, duration, and side effects) and prolongation of postoperative analgesia. Sixty patients were recruited into this single-centered, double-blinded, hospital-based, prospective, comparative study conducted in 2017-2018. They were randomly and equally (n = 30) allocated into two groups: nalbuphine group which received 0.5 mL (0.8 mg) of nalbuphine with 3 mL of heavy (0.5%) hyperbaric bupivacaine and buprenorphine group which received 0.5 mL (60 mg) of buprenorphine with 3 mL of heavy hyperbaric bupivacaine. Intraoperatively, onset and duration of blockade (motor and sensory), and time for first dose of rescue analgesia were recorded in both groups at regular intervals. Heart rate, blood pressure, Visual Analogue Scale score and side effects were also recorded postoperatively for 12 hours. The demographic parameters, time of onset of sensory block and motor block, and duration of motor block were comparable between nalbuphine and buprenorphine groups. The duration of sensory block in the buprenorphine group was longer than in the nalbuphine group. Time to the first dose of rescue analgesia was delayed in buprenorphine group as compared to nalbuphine group. In both groups maximum patients achieved maximum height of sensory block at 90 minutes. There were significant differences in the mean heart rate and blood pressure between buprenorphine and nalbuphine groups. Nalbuphine group patients achieved a Visual Analogue Scale score > 4 earlier as compared to buprenorphine group. Few side effects were observed in both groups. Intrathecal buprenorphine is a better adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine in the spinal anesthesia for lower limb orthopedic surgeries, as it provides longer sensory block and delayed administration of first dose of rescue analgesia with negligible side-effects. The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (approval number: KIMSDU/IEC/03/2017) on November 23, 2017.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"126-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/3b/MGR-11-126.PMC8374458.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39075176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}