Melanoma Research最新文献

{"title":"Melanoma simulators: a retrospective study of nonmelanocytic mimickers.","authors":"Nello Tommasino, Luigi Guerriero, Chiara Palagiano, Claudia Costa, Maddalena Napolitano, Valentina Ventura, Massimiliano Scalvenzi","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CMR.0000000000001137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignancy whose early detection is crucial for prognosis; however, some lesions can mimic nonmelanocytic conditions, leading to diagnostic errors. This retrospective study evaluated the frequency and characteristics of melanomas initially misclassified as nonmelanocytic lesions. All excised cutaneous lesions at the Dermatology Unit of the University Hospital Federico II of Naples between January 2021 and December 2024 were analyzed. Among 1500 histologically confirmed melanomas, 70 cases (4.7%) were initially diagnosed as nonmelanocytic based on clinical and dermoscopic evaluation. The most frequent misdiagnoses were basal cell carcinoma (40%), seborrheic keratosis (14.3%), and squamous cell carcinoma (8.6%). Other less common misclassifications included dermatofibroma, actinic keratosis, and vascular or adnexal lesions. The proportion and distribution of these cases remained stable over time, with no statistically significant differences across the study period. Amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanomas were particularly prone to misinterpretation due to the absence of typical pigmentation, often resembling inflammatory, vascular, or keratinizing lesions. These findings highlight the significant clinical heterogeneity of melanoma and the limitations of dermoscopy in atypical presentations. An integrated diagnostic approach combining clinical evaluation, dermoscopic assessment, patient risk factors, and a low threshold for histopathological examination remains essential. Increased awareness of melanoma simulators is crucial to reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment discontinuation after complete response to BRAF/MEK inhibition in metastatic melanoma: long-term clinical outcomes from a single institution.","authors":"Maja Ivanova, Igor Stojkovski, Violeta Klisarovska","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CMR.0000000000001134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optimal duration of BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma who achieve complete response remains uncertain. Although targeted therapy is commonly continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, prolonged treatment may be associated with chronic adverse events, impaired quality of life, and treatment fatigue. We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma who achieved radiologically confirmed complete response during combined BRAF/MEK inhibition and subsequently discontinued therapy. Clinical characteristics, treatment duration, reasons for discontinuation, recurrence, and postdiscontinuation outcomes were evaluated. Ten patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; the median age was 59.5 years (range, 36-85 years), and six were male. The median treatment duration was 36.1 months, and the median time to complete response was 9.8 months. Discontinuation occurred because of patient preference in six patients, treatment-related toxicity in three, and temporary drug unavailability in one. At last follow-up, eight patients remained in sustained complete remission and two developed recurrence. Both recurrences occurred within the first months after treatment cessation. One patient developed isolated brain metastases approximately 3 months after discontinuation, while another experienced locoregional recurrence. The longest treatment-free remission approached 10 years. In this single-institution real-world series, discontinuation of BRAF/MEK inhibition after complete response was associated with durable remission in most patients. Treatment discontinuation may be feasible in carefully selected patients with sustained complete response, provided that close clinical and radiological surveillance is maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful 15-step desensitization protocol for nivolumab and ipilimumab after a skin-test confirmed anaphylaxis to polysorbate 80: case report.","authors":"Clement Svabek, Sophie Maiezza, Arthur Lecoutre, Justin Courtin, Marie Boileau, Delphine Staumont-Sallé, Laurent Mortier, Frederic Dezoteux","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CMR.0000000000001133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are essential in advanced melanoma but may cause rare, potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions. We report a 53-year-old man who developed grade III anaphylaxis during his first nivolumab infusion. Allergy testing identified immediate hypersensitivity to polysorbate 80 (PS80), an excipient shared by several CPIs, while testing for polysorbate 20 was also positive, limiting alternative treatment options. Following melanoma progression requiring combined immunotherapy, a one-bag, 15-step desensitization protocol was developed for sequential administration of nivolumab and ipilimumab. Both desensitizations were successfully completed without anaphylaxis, allowing subsequent administration of standard doses. This case demonstrates the feasibility of desensitization to both nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with confirmed PS80 hypersensitivity and provides a practical therapeutic option when no suitable excipient-free CPI is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the interplay between dedicator of cytokinesis 2 and neutrophil extracellular traps in sculpting the immune landscape and clinical outcome of melanoma using a single-cell atlas.","authors":"Chao Feng, Xiaoxiao Yang, Tingting Ning, Yitong Liu, Min Yan, Zhenyan Li, Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a rising incidence, posing clinical challenges because of limited prognostic tools and therapeutic resistance. Over recent years, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have gained increasing attention in cancer biology for their role in tumor progression and immune modulation across various malignancies. The role of NETs in the progression of melanoma remains unclear. This study aimed to construct a NET-related prognostic model and elucidate the functional role of the key gene dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) in the pathogenesis of melanoma. We integrated bulk RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, and the Gene Expression Omnibus, along with single-cell RNA sequencing data. A set of NET-related differentially expressed genes (NETRDEGs) was identified and proven to be enriched in immune-related pathways. A prognostic risk model based on NETRDEGs accurately predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival (area under the curve > 0.7), with high-risk patients having worse outcomes. DOCK2 was identified as an overexpressed biomarker associated with a favorable prognosis and drug sensitivity. Low DOCK2 expression correlated with a higher tumor mutation burden and increased drug resistance. At the single-cell level, NETRG-associated transcriptional enrichment was prominent in macrophages; we characterized this heterogeneity and identified five novel subclusters. Analysis revealed a critical link between NETs and melanoma, identified a 235-gene NET signature, and established DOCK2 as a prognostic marker associated with the immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the expression of DOCK2 was correlated with the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity, suggesting that targeting NET pathways could provide novel treatment strategies for melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tele-expertise reduces time to diagnosis for cutaneous melanoma.","authors":"Inès Belkasmi, Selma Azib, Hélène Behal, Chloé Vuillamy, Eve Desmedt, Elise Toulemonde, Jean-Matthieu L'Orphelin, Laurent Mortier, Marie Boileau","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CMR.0000000000001131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid treatment of melanoma is essential to obtain the best possible survival rate, in an epidemiological context that makes access to dermatological care difficult. Tele-expertise (TLE) has rapidly become the most widely practiced form of telemedicine in the world. Since September 2022, TLE has been used in our center. Our objective was to compare the diagnosis time for suspicious pigmented lesions using TLE compared with the classic addressing method (CAM) from September 2022 to December 2023. Two groups were formed based on anatomopathological diagnoses: one group referred through TLE, and the other through CAM. The median delay between the date of consultation request and the date of medical care was assessed in number of days. A total of 160 patients were analyzed. A significant reduction in median diagnosis time was achieved in the TLE group, with a median delay of 23 versus 49 days in the CAM group for all lesions and of 10 versus 28 days for invasive melanomas. The quality of TLE requests was predominantly considered 'good' or 'very good' quality. TLE could be a key solution to the demographic challenges facing dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanocortin-1 receptor variants and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations as prognostic biomarkers in stage IIB-IIC melanoma.","authors":"Marcella Scala, David Lorente-Estellés, Luigi Liguori, María José Juan-Fita, Emanuela De Nicola, Zaida García-Casado, Victor Traves, Ruggero Moro, Celia Requena, Rajiv Kumar, Luigi Formisano, Eduardo Nagore","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001113","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stage IIB-IIC cutaneous melanomas carry a substantial risk of recurrence and disease-related mortality despite complete surgical excision, highlighting the need for reliable prognostic biomarkers. We retrospectively analyzed 153 patients with stage IIB-IIC cutaneous melanoma who underwent surgery at the Instituto Valenciano de Oncología between May 2000 and August 2024. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Associations between clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics and survival outcomes were assessed by log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models. At a median follow-up of 81.6 months, median RFS, DFS, and OS were 43, 31, and 50 months, respectively. In univariate analyses, both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations [hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18-0.8, P  = 0.008] and the absence of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants (hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.16-0.91, P  = 0.024) were significantly associated with RFS. In multivariate analyses, only TERT promoter mutations remained an independent predictor of both RFS (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20-0.96, P  = 0.038) and DFS (hazard ratio = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.93, P  = 0.030). Patients harboring TERT promoter mutations exhibited significantly poorer survival outcomes compared with those with wild-type TERT promoter status. Combined analysis supported the contrasting prognostic roles of TERT and MC1R. Our findings identify TERT promoter mutations as an independent prognostic factor and suggest a potential protective role of MC1R variants in stage IIB-IIC cutaneous melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":"286-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and prognostic value of cyclase-associated proteins in cutaneous melanoma.","authors":"Weijie Ma, Jiexi Wen, Catherine Y Liu, Lorraine Zaki, Scott M Palisoul, Soma Jobbagy, Shaofeng Yan","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001100","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclase-associated proteins (CAP1 and CAP2) are conserved actin-regulatory proteins essential for cytoskeletal remodeling and cell motility. Their protein-level expression patterns and clinicopathologic significance in cutaneous melanoma remain poorly defined. CAP1 and CAP2 were evaluated via immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of benign nevi and cutaneous melanomas. Cytoplasmic staining in dermal melanocytes was scored (0-3; percentage and intensity). Public transcriptomic data were used to assess tumor stage-correlated mRNA levels. Functional annotation was performed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Protein and Gene Ontology analyses, and survival was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. CAP1/CAP2 mRNA was upregulated in melanoma versus bulk normal skin, with metastatic tumors exhibiting higher expression than primary tumors. Elevated expression also correlated with advanced tumor stage. CAP1 and CAP2 protein levels were significantly higher in melanomas than in benign nevi ( P  < 0.0001). In primary melanomas, elevated CAP1 and CAP2 expression scores correlated with adverse pathologic features, including increased Breslow depth, higher mitotic rate, and advanced T stage ( P  < 0.05). High expression of CAP1 (score = 3) and CAP2 (score ≥ 2) was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival ( P  = 0.0005 and P  = 0.0055). While prognostic on univariate analysis, CAPs were not independent predictors in multivariate models. Network enrichment linked CAPs to actin dynamics, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-associated signaling, and cell morphogenesis. CAP1 and CAP2 are overexpressed in cutaneous melanoma and correlate with aggressive pathologic features and shorter survival, suggesting an association between CAP expression and cytoskeletal regulatory programs relevant to melanoma progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":"274-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel uveal melanoma patient-derived cell line and organoid models show increased treatment resistance compared with commercially available cell lines.","authors":"Lauren A Dalvin, Stephanie D Burr, David R Miley, Hien Ong, James A Armitage","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001103","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to compare drug response of uveal melanoma patient-derived cell lines (PDLs) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with response of commercially available cell lines and contextualize laboratory outputs in terms of clinical trial results. Uveal melanoma commercial cell lines, PDLs, and PDOs were treated with drugs that were ultimately utilized in clinical trials. Four treatments were chosen for promising laboratory results that failed to yield clinical response, while darovasertib was a surrogate positive control given initial favorable clinical trial data in the neoadjuvant setting. Drug concentrations were matched to laboratory work that supported progression to clinical trials. Viability was measured using PrestoBlueHS Cell Viability Reagent. Commercial cell lines showed promising viability reduction similar to prior laboratory results with treatments, including 5-μM darovasertib, 700-nM selumetinib, 700-nM selumetinib + 1000-nM MK-2206, 500-nM sotrastaurin + 1000-nM alpelisib, and 100-nM trametinib, with overall viability reduced to 32.5% for all drugs. However, PDLs (viability 52.8%) and PDOs (viability 80.4%) showed more treatment resistance ( P  < 0.05), better simulating ultimate lack of efficacy found in clinical trials. While uveal melanoma with BAP1 loss demonstrated greater treatment resistance under some conditions, other factors such as cell morphology or culture in a three-dimensional environment appeared to be more consistent drivers of therapeutic sensitivity. PDLs and PDOs may more accurately represent uveal melanoma clinical response. Demonstrating efficacy of novel therapeutics in these models could improve the likelihood of successful translation for future clinical trials, but future studies are needed to define clinically meaningful in-vitro response thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":"328-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated uveitis in metastatic melanoma: case report and literature review.","authors":"Pelin Akcay, Mine Esen Baris, Suzan Güven, Şaziye Burçak Yayla, Melis Palamar","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001112","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death-1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 inhibitors such as ipilimumab, have become a cornerstone in the management of advanced melanoma, significantly improving survival outcomes. However, their use is increasingly associated with immune-related adverse events, including ocular inflammation. Although uncommon, ICI-associated uveitis represents a potentially sight-threatening complication with variable clinical presentation. We present a case of bilateral granulomatous panuveitis in a 56-year-old female receiving combined nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy for metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin, together with a review of the literature. Ocular symptoms developed approximately 2.5 months after treatment initiation. Clinical examination revealed bilateral anterior chamber inflammation with granulomatous keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, and vitritis accompanied by choroidal undulations. Infectious, systemic autoimmune etiologies and metastatic ocular involvement, were excluded. The clinical severity was consistent with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 uveitis, necessitating systemic and pulsed corticosteroid therapy and discontinuation of immunotherapy. In melanoma patients receiving ICIs, uveitis most commonly presents as anterior uveitis but may also involve the posterior segment or manifest as panuveitis, including Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like phenotypes. Most cases occur within the first few months of treatment. Management is guided by disease severity, ranging from topical to systemic corticosteroids, with consideration of immunotherapy interruption. This case highlights the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of ICI-associated uveitis in melanoma and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. Close collaboration between ophthalmologists and oncologists is essential to optimize both visual outcomes and melanoma treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaningful efficacy measures and trial endpoints in patients with advanced melanoma being considered for adjuvant systemic therapy: a prospective patient survey study.","authors":"Daniel Goldshtein, Yousuf Shad, Elaine McWhirter, Richard Tozer, Adi Kartolo","doi":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001114","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000001114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this prospective, survey-based study conducted from May 2023 to February 2025 at the Juravinski Cancer Center, patient preferences and perceptions of clinically meaningful outcomes in the adjuvant treatment of resected stage IIB-IV melanoma were evaluated. Sixty-four eligible patients with resected stage IIB-IV melanoma who were considering adjuvant systemic therapy completed an online survey assessing their understanding and prioritization of treatment outcomes, thresholds for meaningful clinical benefit, and willingness to accept toxicity risks. Overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) emerged as the most important endpoints, prioritized by 37 and 31% of respondents respectively, with patients choosing surveillance tending to prioritize QoL while those on active treatment favoured OS. Willingness to accept disease-free/progression-free benefit in the absence of an OS benefit declined as the risk of potential side effects increased, even among patients who ultimately chose active treatment. Patients considered a reduction in recurrence risk from 27 to 10% over 2 years (stage IIB-IIC) and from 50 to 20% over 5 years (stage III-IV) to be clinically meaningful, accepting a median 10-12.5% risk of significant side effects, and desired a minimum cancer-free interval of 4.75 years. These findings suggest that while OS remained a primary concern, many melanoma patients placed high value on QoL and were cautious about initiating adjuvant therapies without demonstrable survival benefit. Reluctance to accept hypothetical treatment with potential toxicity contrasted with those who proceeded with treatment. This highlighted the importance of incorporating patient preferences and risk tolerance into shared decision-making and trial design.</p>","PeriodicalId":18550,"journal":{"name":"Melanoma Research","volume":" ","pages":"321-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}