Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Aspects of Oxazole Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: Chemical, Biological and Recent Advances.","authors":"Jatin Kishore Sharma, Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0113895575436899260811061304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575436899260811061304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxazole derivatives are important heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their broad biological activities. These five-membered aromatic rings containing oxygen and nitrogen exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antitubercular properties. Their favorable electronic features and structural rigidity enable strong and selective interactions with diverse biological targets. Recent advances in synthetic methodologies, particularly the van Leusen protocol using tosylmethylisocyanides (TosMICs), have enabled efficient and regioselective oxazole construction. Additionally, magnetically recoverable catalysts offer sustainable and recyclable approaches with improved yields and reduced environmental impact. These developments have expanded the chemical space of oxazole-based compounds, facilitating the design of drug candidates with enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This review summarizes recent synthetic strategies, pharmacological activities, structure-activity relationships, and biosynthetic and mechanistic insights highlighting the significance of oxazole motifs in modern drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schiff Bases as Multifunctional Agents in Parkinson's Disease Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Avinash Jha, Deepika Paliwal, Ankush Chauhan, Niranjan Kaushik","doi":"10.2174/0113895575477542260816130606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575477542260816130606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder leading to movement disorders including trembling, rigidity, and bradykinesia. The majority of these symptoms result from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite various pharmaceutical and surgical methods like levodopa treatment and neuromodulation being applied, none of them prevent the progression of PD. Various factors, both genetic and environmental (pesticides, head trauma, mitochondrial dysfunction), contribute to the development of this disease. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of MAO-B inhibitors to prevent dopamine degradation and oxidative stress. Schiff base derivatives are among the most interesting novel structures due to their ability to provide neuroprotection, free radical scavenging, and enzyme inhibition. The studies on isatin, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and coumarin Schiff bases proved their potent and selective inhibition of MAO-B. Some of them demonstrate nanomolar IC50 values and promising pharmacokinetic parameters, including BBB penetration. According to the SAR, substitutions (EWG (-NO2, -Cl, -Br) and hydroxyl) increase lipophility and affinity to MAO-B. Schiff base structures have been identified as potential multi-functional platforms for the development of novel agents for neuroprotection against the effects of motor impairment and non-motor dysfunction in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicinal Chemistry Decision-Making: From Virtual Screening to Lead Optimization.","authors":"Dibyajyoti Das, Kunal Bhattacharya, Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu, Aparoop Das, Satyendra Deka","doi":"10.2174/0113895575489426260810060725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575489426260810060725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded within modern medicinal chemistry workflows, particularly across the Design-Make-Test-Analyse (DMTA) cycle, where critical decisions must be made under conditions of uncertainty. Rather than functioning as a stand-alone predictor, AI is best understood as a decision-support framework that assists chemists in selecting screening hits, prioritising analogues for synthesis, managing multi-parameter optimisation, and identifying developability and safety risks at early stages. This structured narrative review examines how contemporary Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches are being applied at key decision points in small-molecule drug discovery, including virtual screening and hit triage, Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) prioritisation, lead optimisation for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) liabilities, and synthetic feasibility assessment through retrosynthesis planning. By integrating ligand-based and structure-based models, multi-task learning, active learning, generative design, and uncertainty-aware predictions, AI systems can reduce experimental burden while improving the quality of decisions made by medicinal chemists. However, the practical impact of these tools depends critically on appropriate validation strategies, applicability domain assessment, and probability calibration to avoid misleading confidence. Taken together, the evidence reviewed here supports models of AI-augmented medicinal chemistry, in which data-driven predictions and human chemical intuition jointly enable more efficient, transparent, and reliable progression from hits to optimised lead candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Approach to Pt(IV) Complexes: Addressing the Limitations of Traditional Chemotherapy Through Targeted Delivery and Multifunctional Design.","authors":"Huisong Yang, Chunqi Hu","doi":"10.2174/0113895575484523260810071854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575484523260810071854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platinum-based chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, classical Pt(II) drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, show significant limitations. They induce systemic toxicity, show poor tumor-targeting capability, and give rise to drug resistance. These issues result in treatment failure in 20-90% of patients with certain solid tumors. Pt(IV) complexes are a next-generation prodrug platform to address these challenges. Their octahedral configuration and improved stability in biological fluids are largely superior to those of Pt(II) drugs. This reduces reactions with non-target tissues and mitigates systemic toxicity. Pt(IV) prodrugs remain largely inactive until they enter cells, where they are mainly reduced by elevated glutathione (GSH) levels prevalent in the tumor microenvironment. This mechanism releases the active Pt(II) form that eradicates cancer cells, enabling drug activation mainly within tumors. The structure of Pt(IV) complexes also permits flexible design, allowing attachment of targeting moieties, such as folate, biotin, or peptides, as well as antibodies or components, that direct the drug to mitochondria or the nucleus. This enables multiple strategies for combating cancer. Designs encompass GSH-responsive release and active targeting to specific cellular compartments, while also integrating with other treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. In preclinical studies, these approaches have shown increased drug accumulation in tumors, improved uptake by resistant cells, reversal of platinum resistance, and reduced damage to kidneys and nerves. Although Pt(IV) complexes still encounter challenges in synthesis and scale-up, their flexible design provides a platform for platinum chemotherapy that is safer, more selective, and capable of targeting cancer through multiple avenues.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Endomorphin-2 Analogs: Structural Modifications and Therapeutic Activity.","authors":"Xiang-Yang Wu, Ya-Nan Wang, Xin-Zhuo Zhang, Shuai Wen, Shi-Yi Dai, Li-Juan Gui, Ying-Ping Li, Le Xue, Yi Mou, Hong-Kai Sha","doi":"10.2174/0113895575463856260809213017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575463856260809213017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endomorphin-2 (EM-2), an endogenous tetrapeptide (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) with high affinity and selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor, plays a significant role in pain modulation and diverse physiological processes. This review systematically outlines recent advances in the synthesis, structural modification, and structure-activity relationships of EM-2. A broad spectrum of modification strategies is examined, including C- and N-terminal modifications, backbone and side-chain engineering, cyclization design, multi-site alterations, and the incorporation of specialized structural motifs. The influence of these modifications on receptor affinity, metabolic stability, analgesic efficacy, and side-effect profiles is critically evaluated. Key findings indicate that specific structural modifications, such as C-terminal hydrazidation and N-terminal dimethyltyrosine substitution, enhance receptor selectivity, reduce tolerance, and improve metabolic stability. Additionally, cyclization strategies further increase resistance to enzymatic degradation and enhance centrally mediated analgesic activity. The review concludes by identifying future research directions, underscoring the importance of multi-site modifications, advanced delivery systems, and thorough preclinical evaluation to advance the development of EM-2-based therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosomes in Metabolic Disorders: Advancement and Innovative Approaches in Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Shruti Thakur, Tanvi Gautam, Diksha Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0113895575441656260807104652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575441656260807104652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, represent a growing global health challenge due to their increasing prevalence, multifactorial etiology, and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Conventional pharmacological interventions, while effective to some extent, are often associated with limitations, such as adverse effects, high costs, and the inability to provide multi-targeted therapeutic outcomes. In this context, phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants have emerged as attractive alternatives owing to their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and metabolic regulatory effects. However, their clinical translation remains significantly restricted due to inherent drawbacks, such as poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal absorption, rapid metabolism, and low systemic bioavailability. To overcome these challenges, phytosome technology has gained increasing attention as a novel lipid-based drug delivery platform. In phytosomes, bioactive plant constituents form complexes with suitable phospholipids, thereby improving physicochemical stability, permeability, and targeted delivery. This approach not only enhances pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but also ensures sustained therapeutic efficacy with improved patient compliance. Recent preclinical and clinical investigations have demonstrated the potential of phytosome- based formulations to modulate metabolic dysfunctions, regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, and attenuate oxidative and inflammatory cascades associated with metabolic disorders. Moreover, emerging advancements, such as nanophytosomes, stimuli-responsive delivery systems, and synergistic phytosome-drug combinations, are further broadening the therapeutic scope. These innovative approaches hold promise for maximizing clinical outcomes, minimizing side effects, and offering cost-effective strategies in the management of chronic metabolic diseases. Collectively, phytosome technology represents a promising frontier in developing safe, effective, and translational plant-based therapeutics for addressing the global burden of metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments in Triazolopyrimidine-based Cancer Therapeutics: A Mini Review.","authors":"Isha Lumb, Jaskirat Singh, Yukta Soni, Vishu Mehra, Vipan Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0113895575475795260807065237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575475795260807065237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The triazolopyrimidine ring has emerged as a ubiquitous and highly versatile structural motif found in a wide array of biologically active compounds. Owing to its unique fused heterocyclic architecture, this core is capable of engaging in diverse intermolecular interactions with biological targets. Such features have placed triazolopyrimidines as a particularly attractive scaffold in contemporary anticancer drug discovery. Over the past decade, and more conspicuously in the last five years, this framework has gained substantial attention due to its ability to modulate multiple cancer-relevant pathways with notable potency and selectivity. Strategic structural modifications, such as derivatization with appropriate substituents, hybridization with other pharmacophores, and metal complexation, have significantly enhanced their pharmacological profiles. These rational approaches not only improve efficacy and selectivity but also address key challenges, such as drug resistance, bioavailability, and off-target toxicity. Recent advances have also highlighted the potential of both organic derivatives and inorganic triazolopyrimidine-based complexes, particularly in the context of metallodrugs, where coordination with transition metals has led to improved cytotoxicity and novel mechanisms of action. Collectively, these developments highlight the promise of triazolopyrimidine scaffolds in transforming the current landscape of cancer therapy. This review critically summarizes and discusses the progress made in the design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of triazolopyrimidine-based organic and inorganic scaffolds reported in the scientific literature over the past five years, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and future therapeutic prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism and Molecular Target of Substituted Triazoles: A Therapeutic Strategy in Anticancer Drug Discovery.","authors":"Yashika Jangra, Sushma Dev, Priti Jain","doi":"10.2174/0113895575490693260807064044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575490693260807064044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating the continuous discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. Heterocyclic compounds are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, and among them, the triazole ring system (1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles) has emerged as a highly versatile and promising pharmacophore for anti-cancer drug discovery. This review is an attempt to bridge the gap between synthetic structural biology and translational oncology by systematically connecting the structure- activity relationships of novel triazole hybrids targeting Aromatase, VEGFR-2, IDO1, and Carbonic Anhydrase. We present a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the design, structure-activity relationships, and biological evaluation of triazole derivatives as potent anticancer agents. Triazoles are known to play an important role in modulating key oncogenic pathways (such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis inhibition, and metastasis suppression) by binding to various pharmacological targets. Here, we critically present the spatial configuration, such as the \"tail approach\" needed for carbonic anhydrase inhibition and the very specific heme-iron distances of the IDO1 pathway that govern the therapeutic promise. Clinical progress, toxicity, bioavailability, and resistance challenges have also been addressed. This review underscores the significance of triazole derivatives as multifunctional anticancer agents and provides insights into future directions for their development as targeted and potent chemotherapeutic agents. Although triazole derivatives are widely recognized as versatile, drug-like moieties, a critical research gap persists in understanding minor structural or electronic modifications near the triazole ring system to make the molecule target-specific and prevent liabilities due to non-selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Its Anti-aging Effects in the Context of Longevity and Menopause.","authors":"Elifsena Canan Alp Arici, Esra Küpeli, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez, Zeliha Selamoglu","doi":"10.2174/0113895575469704260805105227","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113895575469704260805105227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is a complex biological condition associated with progressive estrogen depletion and increased susceptibility to several age-associated disorders. During this process, several biological mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, genomic instability, and immunosenescence, contribute to the progression of biological aging and metabolic imbalance. In this sense, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) has progressively attracted attention because of its important role in mitochondrial homeostasis, DNA repair pathways, cellular energetics, and inflammatory regulation. This narrative review discusses the mechanistic relationship between NAD⁺ metabolism, aging, and menopause by integrating experimental and clinical evidence currently available in the literature. The review was developed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, considering studies associated with menopause, aging, NAD⁺ metabolism, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory signaling pathways. According to the evidence currently available, depletion of intracellular NAD⁺ levels during aging may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired metabolic regulation, chronic inflammatory signaling, and neurodegenerative alterations. Although NAD⁺ precursors such as NMN and NR have shown promising biological effects in experimental studies, some limitations are still evident when these findings are translated to humans, including pharmacokinetic instability, tissue-specific bioavailability, and variability in clinical responses. Moreover, chronic inflammation and CD38 overexpression appear strongly associated with progressive intracellular NAD⁺ depletion during aging and menopause. Thus, modulation of NAD⁺ metabolism may represent a promising strategy in longevity medicine and menopausal health. However, despite the important mechanistic advances achieved in recent years, long-term clinical evidence is still insufficient to support a definitive therapeutic conclusion. Therefore, more experimental and clinical studies are still required to establish the real therapeutic relevance and safety of NAD⁺-targeted interventions in menopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedychium Coronarium J. Koenig: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potential: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Vijay Pratap Ahirwar, Sunny Rathee, Umesh K Patil","doi":"10.2174/0113895575454718260731102214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575454718260731102214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, commonly known as white ginger or butterfly lily, is a perennial rhizomatous herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae and has been widely valued in traditional Asian medicinal systems, particularly Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. Classical texts such as the Charaka Samhita describe its use in the management of inflammation, fever, pain, and infectious conditions. Ethnobotanical studies from different regions of India further document the traditional application of its rhizomes in the treatment of headaches, rheumatism, diabetes, body aches, and other ailments. Phytochemical investigations have identified more than seventy-five secondary metabolites from the plant, including volatile oils, flavonoids, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sterols, glycosides, xanthones, and saponins. Among these, labdane-type diterpenes, particularly coronarin D, have attracted considerable interest due to their pronounced anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, mediated through mechanisms such as inhibition of NF-κB signaling, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and induction of apoptosis. Experimental pharmacological studies have demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activities for H. coronarium, including analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, anti-tumor, anthelmintic, and larvicidal effects. The integration of extensive ethnomedicinal knowledge with emerging phytochemical and pharmacological evidence highlights H. coronarium as a promising source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. This review comprehensively summarizes the plant's traditional uses, botanical features, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties, while also identifying current research gaps and future prospects for translating its bioactive molecules into clinically relevant therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18548,"journal":{"name":"Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}