Medical Sciences最新文献_第4页

Survival Analysis of Male Patients with Brain Metastases at Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis over the Last Decade 过去十年中初次诊断为乳腺癌的脑转移男性患者的存活率分析

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010015

Jorge Avila, J. Leone, C. Vallejo, J. P. Leone

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Male Patients with Brain Metastases at Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis over the Last Decade","authors":"Jorge Avila, J. Leone, C. Vallejo, J. P. Leone","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010015","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer in men represents approximately 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Among all patients with breast cancer, approximately 30% will develop brain metastases. Over the past decade, there have been multiple advances in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer; however, long-term outcomes of this presentation in male patients are lacking. We evaluated male patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and differences between groups were compared using log rank tests. In total, 22 male patients with brain metastases at initial breast cancer diagnosis were included. Patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative tumors had the longest OS (median 13 months). Factors associated with shorter overall survival were advanced age, unmarried marital status, lower household income, and grade III disease, among others. Brain metastases remains an unmet medical need for patients with breast cancer; the development of new drugs may provide an improvement in overall survival for male patients in the future.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"62 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portable Dynamic Chest Radiography: Literature Review and Potential Bedside Applications 便携式动态胸部放射摄影：文献回顾与潜在床旁应用

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010010

Maurizio Cè, G. Oliva, Francesca Lucrezia Rabaiotti, Laura Macrì, Sharon Zollo, Alessandro Aquila, M. Cellina

{"title":"Portable Dynamic Chest Radiography: Literature Review and Potential Bedside Applications","authors":"Maurizio Cè, G. Oliva, Francesca Lucrezia Rabaiotti, Laura Macrì, Sharon Zollo, Alessandro Aquila, M. Cellina","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010010","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) is a high-resolution radiographic imaging technique using pulsed X-ray emission to acquire a multiframe cine-loop of the target anatomical area. The first DDR technology was orthostatic chest acquisitions, but new portable equipment that can be positioned at the patient’s bedside was recently released, significantly expanding its potential applications, particularly in chest examination. It provides anatomical and functional information on the motion of different anatomical structures, such as the lungs, pleura, rib cage, and trachea. Native images can be further analyzed with dedicated post-processing software to extract quantitative parameters, including diaphragm motility, automatically projected lung area and area changing rate, a colorimetric map of the signal value change related to respiration and motility, and lung perfusion. The dynamic diagnostic information along with the significant advantages of this technique in terms of portability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness represents a potential game changer for radiological diagnosis and monitoring at the patient’s bedside. DDR has several applications in daily clinical practice, and in this narrative review, we will focus on chest imaging, which is the main application explored to date in the literature. However, studies are still needed to understand deeply the clinical impact of this method.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portable Dynamic Chest Radiography: Literature Review and Potential Bedside Applications 便携式动态胸部放射摄影：文献回顾与潜在床旁应用

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010010

Maurizio Cè, G. Oliva, Francesca Lucrezia Rabaiotti, Laura Macrì, Sharon Zollo, Alessandro Aquila, M. Cellina

{"title":"Portable Dynamic Chest Radiography: Literature Review and Potential Bedside Applications","authors":"Maurizio Cè, G. Oliva, Francesca Lucrezia Rabaiotti, Laura Macrì, Sharon Zollo, Alessandro Aquila, M. Cellina","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010010","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) is a high-resolution radiographic imaging technique using pulsed X-ray emission to acquire a multiframe cine-loop of the target anatomical area. The first DDR technology was orthostatic chest acquisitions, but new portable equipment that can be positioned at the patient’s bedside was recently released, significantly expanding its potential applications, particularly in chest examination. It provides anatomical and functional information on the motion of different anatomical structures, such as the lungs, pleura, rib cage, and trachea. Native images can be further analyzed with dedicated post-processing software to extract quantitative parameters, including diaphragm motility, automatically projected lung area and area changing rate, a colorimetric map of the signal value change related to respiration and motility, and lung perfusion. The dynamic diagnostic information along with the significant advantages of this technique in terms of portability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness represents a potential game changer for radiological diagnosis and monitoring at the patient’s bedside. DDR has several applications in daily clinical practice, and in this narrative review, we will focus on chest imaging, which is the main application explored to date in the literature. However, studies are still needed to understand deeply the clinical impact of this method.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing Insights: A Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Management, with Special Emphasis on EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy 启示录：胃出口梗阻治疗综合概述，特别强调 EUS 引导下的胃肠造口术

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010009

Dimitrios Ziogas, Thomas Vasilakis, Christina Kapizioni, Eleni Koukoulioti, G. Tziatzios, P. Gkolfakis, A. Facciorusso, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou

{"title":"Revealing Insights: A Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Management, with Special Emphasis on EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy","authors":"Dimitrios Ziogas, Thomas Vasilakis, Christina Kapizioni, Eleni Koukoulioti, G. Tziatzios, P. Gkolfakis, A. Facciorusso, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010009","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) poses a common and challenging clinical scenario, characterized by mechanical blockage in the pylorus, distal stomach, or duodenum, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and early satiety. Its diverse etiology encompasses both benign and malignant disorders. The spectrum of current treatment modalities extends from conservative approaches to more invasive interventions, incorporating procedures like surgical gastroenterostomy (SGE), self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) placement, and the advanced technique of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE). While surgery is favored for longer life expectancy, stents are preferred in malignant gastric outlet stenosis. The novel EUS-GE technique, employing a lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stent (LAMS), combines the immediate efficacy of stents with the enduring benefits of gastroenterostomy. Despite its promising outcomes, EUS-GE is a technically demanding procedure requiring specialized expertise and facilities.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"35 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing Insights: A Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Management, with Special Emphasis on EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy 启示录：胃出口梗阻治疗综合概述，特别强调 EUS 引导下的胃肠造口术

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010009

Dimitrios Ziogas, Thomas Vasilakis, Christina Kapizioni, Eleni Koukoulioti, G. Tziatzios, P. Gkolfakis, A. Facciorusso, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou

{"title":"Revealing Insights: A Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Management, with Special Emphasis on EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy","authors":"Dimitrios Ziogas, Thomas Vasilakis, Christina Kapizioni, Eleni Koukoulioti, G. Tziatzios, P. Gkolfakis, A. Facciorusso, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010009","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) poses a common and challenging clinical scenario, characterized by mechanical blockage in the pylorus, distal stomach, or duodenum, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and early satiety. Its diverse etiology encompasses both benign and malignant disorders. The spectrum of current treatment modalities extends from conservative approaches to more invasive interventions, incorporating procedures like surgical gastroenterostomy (SGE), self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) placement, and the advanced technique of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE). While surgery is favored for longer life expectancy, stents are preferred in malignant gastric outlet stenosis. The novel EUS-GE technique, employing a lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stent (LAMS), combines the immediate efficacy of stents with the enduring benefits of gastroenterostomy. Despite its promising outcomes, EUS-GE is a technically demanding procedure requiring specialized expertise and facilities.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Techniques and Technologies to Improve Vein Graft Patency in Coronary Surgery 改善冠状动脉手术中静脉移植物通畅性的技术和工艺

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010006

Marco Gemelli, Mariangela Addonizio, Veronica Geatti, Michele Gallo, Lauren K. Dixon, Mark S. Slaughter, G. Gerosa

引用次数: 0

Predicting Neuroblastoma Patient Risk Groups, Outcomes, and Treatment Response Using Machine Learning Methods: A Review 使用机器学习方法预测神经母细胞瘤患者的风险组别、结果和治疗反应：综述

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010005

Leila Jahangiri

{"title":"Predicting Neuroblastoma Patient Risk Groups, Outcomes, and Treatment Response Using Machine Learning Methods: A Review","authors":"Leila Jahangiri","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010005","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroblastoma, a paediatric malignancy with high rates of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, is of significant interest to the field of paediatric cancers. High-risk NB tumours are usually metastatic and result in survival rates of less than 50%. Machine learning approaches have been applied to various neuroblastoma patient data to retrieve relevant clinical and biological information and develop predictive models. Given this background, this study will catalogue and summarise the literature that has used machine learning and statistical methods to analyse data such as multi-omics, histological sections, and medical images to make clinical predictions. Furthermore, the question will be turned on its head, and the use of machine learning to accurately stratify NB patients by risk groups and to predict outcomes, including survival and treatment response, will be summarised. Overall, this study aims to catalogue and summarise the important work conducted to date on the subject of expression-based predictor models and machine learning in neuroblastoma for risk stratification and patient outcomes including survival, and treatment response which may assist and direct future diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular Vesicles’ Role in Angiogenesis and Altering Angiogenic Signaling 细胞外小泡在血管生成和改变血管生成信号中的作用

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010004

Maryam Ateeq, M. Broadwin, Frank W. Sellke, M. Abid

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model of Aortic Valve Replacement Modality Selection in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients 基于机器学习的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换术方式选择预测模型

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010003

R. Chokesuwattanaskul, A. Petchlorlian, Piyoros Lertsanguansinchai, Paramaporn Suttirut, N. Prasitlumkum, S. Srimahachota, W. Buddhari

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model of Aortic Valve Replacement Modality Selection in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients","authors":"R. Chokesuwattanaskul, A. Petchlorlian, Piyoros Lertsanguansinchai, Paramaporn Suttirut, N. Prasitlumkum, S. Srimahachota, W. Buddhari","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010003","url":null,"abstract":"The current recommendation for bioprosthetic valve replacement in severe aortic stenosis (AS) is either surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We evaluated the performance of a machine learning-based predictive model using existing periprocedural variables for valve replacement modality selection. We analyzed 415 patients in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of adult patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. A total of 72 clinical variables including demographic data, patient comorbidities, and preoperative investigation characteristics were collected on each patient. We fit models using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and decision tree techniques. The accuracy of the prediction on confusion matrix was used to assess model performance. The most predictive independent variable for valve selection by LASSO regression was frailty score. Variables that predict SAVR consisted of low frailty score (value at or below 2) and complex coronary artery diseases (DVD/TVD). Variables that predicted TAVR consisted of high frailty score (at or greater than 6), history of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), calcified aorta, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The LASSO-generated predictive model achieved 98% accuracy on valve replacement modality selection from testing data. The decision tree model consisted of fewer important parameters, namely frailty score, CKD, STS score, age, and history of PCI. The most predictive factor for valve replacement selection was frailty score. The predictive models using different statistical learning methods achieved an excellent concordance predictive accuracy rate of between 93% and 98%.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"67 s268","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Sleep Quality: Assessing the Efficacy of a Fixed Combination of Linden, Hawthorn, Vitamin B1, and Melatonin 提高睡眠质量：评估菩提树、山楂、维生素 B1 和褪黑素固定组合的功效

Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010002

Matteo De Simone, Rosario De Feo, A. Choucha, E. Ciaglia, Francis Fezeu

{"title":"Enhancing Sleep Quality: Assessing the Efficacy of a Fixed Combination of Linden, Hawthorn, Vitamin B1, and Melatonin","authors":"Matteo De Simone, Rosario De Feo, A. Choucha, E. Ciaglia, Francis Fezeu","doi":"10.3390/medsci12010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12010002","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is essential for overall health, yet various sleep disorders disrupt normal sleep patterns, affecting duration, quality, and timing. This pilot study investigate the impact of a food supplement (SPINOFF®) on both sleep quality and mental well-being in 41 participants (mean age: 45.3 years). Initial assessments revealed sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—PSQ—mean score: 8.2) and insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index—ISI— mean score: 12.7). Mental health assessments showed psychological distress (Dass-21 Depression mean score: 4.2, Anxiety mean score: 6.9, Stress mean score: 11.6, Total mean score: 22.7). This study assessed sleep continuity using Awakenings per Night (ApN) via a smartwatch (HELO HEALTH®) and conducted the study in two phases: baseline (T0) and after 30 days of treatment (T1) (Phase A). No placebo-control was used in this study. After 30 days (Phase B), 21 patients were selected for reassessment. Eleven continued treatment for another 30 days (T2), while ten discontinued. Following the intervention, we observed remarkable improvements in sleep quality and mental distress. The SPINOFF® supplement significantly reduced the PSQI scores (22.4%), indicating enhanced sleep quality. Additionally, there was a 19.6% decrease in ISI scores, demonstrating a reduction in insomnia symptoms. Moreover, overall psychological distress decreased by 19.5% signifying improved psychological well-being. In the second phase, participants who continued treatment experienced more substantial improvements, with a mean decrease of 0.8 points in PSQI scores (±0.9) and a mean decrease of 0.9 points in ISI scores. Our findings suggest that the SPINOFF® supplement has the potential to effectively address both sleep disturbances and psychological distress in our study population.","PeriodicalId":18539,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0