Medicine and science in sports最新文献_第6页

The pull in olympic weightlifting. 奥运会举重比赛中的牵引力。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

R M Enoka

引用次数: 0

Physiological characteristics of sprint and endurance Masters runners. 短跑和耐力大师赛选手的生理特征。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

R J Barnard, G K Grimditch, J H Wilmore

{"title":"Physiological characteristics of sprint and endurance Masters runners.","authors":"R J Barnard, G K Grimditch, J H Wilmore","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Data were obtained from 13 sprint (age range 41-58) and 13 distance (age range 4-78) Masters track athletes. The mean VO2max value for the distance runners was 54.4 +/- 3 ml kg min compared with 47.2 +/- 2 ml kg min for the sprinters. The highest VO2max (71.0 ml kg min) was obtained on a 45-year-old distance runner while the lowest (27.3 ml kg min) was obtained on the oldest (78 years) distance runner. VO2max decreased by 34.5% from age 40 to 70 in the distance runner in spite of continued training that ranged from 40 to 120 miles/week. Maximum ventilation rates were 122.5 +/- 6.8 and 116.8 +/- 7.0 1 min for the sprint and distance runners, respectively. Percentage of body fat was 16.5 +/- 0.5 for the sprinters and 18.0 +/- 1.1 for the distance runners. Serum cholesterol values were 218.7 +/- 8.7 and 203.0 +/- 13.8 ml/dl, while triglyceride values were 101.5 +/- 8.2 and 84.1 +/- 9.3 mg/dl for the sprint and distance groups, respectively. These data indicate that, VO2max decreases significantly with aging despite the continuation of long distance training. Percent body fat and serum lipid levels were significantly lower in these athletes compared to those for sedentary adults, suggesting a protective effect against coronary heart disease. Only one subject had S-T segment depression during the exercise test.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 2","pages":"167-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11696962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. 竞技游泳中划水速度、每次划水距离和速度的关系。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901130-00011

A. B. Craig, David R. Pendeegast

{"title":"Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming.","authors":"A. B. Craig, David R. Pendeegast","doi":"10.1249/00005768-197901130-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-197901130-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive swimmers were asked to swim at a constant velocity (v) for short distances. They wore a collar to which was attached a fine non-elastic steel wire. The wire passed over two wheels of a device attached to one end of the pool. One wheel generated an impulse for every cm of forward movement and another wheel produced an electrical signal which was directly proportional to V. Measurements of distance and time were begun at definable points in the stroke cycle and were discontinued at the end of a predetermined number of strokes. In all of the four competitive strokes, front and back crawl, butterfly, and breaststroke, the V increased as a result of increasing the stroke rate (S) and decreasing the distance per stroke (d/s). In the front crawl, the male and female swimmers who achieved the fastest V had the longest d/S at slow S. The faster male swimmers also had greater percent decrease of the d/S at their maximal V than did the less skilled persons. The back crawl was similar to the front crawl except that maximal S and V were less. Increases of V of the butterfly were related almost entirely to increases in S. Except at the highest V, d/S was decreased somewhat. In the breaststroke increased V was also associated with increasing S, but the d/S decreased much more than in the other stroke styles. Fluctuations of velocity during the stroke cycle were least in the front and back crawl (+/- 15--20%) and greatest in the butterfly and breaststroke (+ 45--50%). The results were compared to the S observed and the values for V and d/S calculated for a large group of swimmers competing in the 1976 U.S. Olympic Trials. The implications of the findings for coaching swimmers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"17 1","pages":"278-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 401

Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance. 血浆乳酸积累与长跑表现。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901140-00005

P. Farrell, J. Wilmore, E. Coyle, J. Billing, D. Costill

{"title":"Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance.","authors":"P. Farrell, J. Wilmore, E. Coyle, J. Billing, D. Costill","doi":"10.1249/00005768-197901140-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-197901140-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory and field assessments were made on eighteen male distance runners. Performance data were obtained for distances of 3.2, 9.7, 15, 19.3 km (n = 18) and the marathon (n = 13). Muscle fiber composition expressed as percent of slow twitch fibers (%ST), maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), running economy (Vo2 for a treadmill velocity of 268 m/min), and the Vo2 and treadmill velocity corresponding to the onset of plasma lactate accumulation (OPLA) were determined for each subject. %ST (R greater than or equal to .47), Vo2max (r greater than or equal to .83), running economy (r greater than or equal to .49), Vo2 in ml/kg min corresponding to the OPLA (r greater than or equal to .91) and the treadmill velocity corresponding to the OPLA (r greater than or equal to .91) were significantly (p less than .05) related to performance at all distances. Multiple regression analysis howed that the treadmill velocity corresponding to the OPLA was most closely related to performance and the addition of other factors did not significantly raise the multiple R values suggesting that these other variables may interact with the purpose of keeping plasma lactates low during distance races. The slowest and fastest marathoners ran their marathons 7 and 3 m/min faster than their treadmill velocities corresponding to their OPLA which indicates that this relationship is independent of the competitive level of the runner. Runners appear to set a race pace which allows the utilization of the largest possible Vo2 which just avoids the exponential rise in plasma lactate.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4 1","pages":"338-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87097399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 508

Analysis of the velocity curve in sprint running. 短跑速度曲线的分析。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901140-00004

Volkov Ni, Lapin Vi

引用次数: 57

The brain's role in exercise hyperpnea. 大脑在运动性呼吸困难中的作用。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

J A Dempsey, D A Pelligrino, D Aggarwal, E B Olson

引用次数: 0

A mathematical model of hiking positions in a sailing dinghy. 帆船上徒步行走位置的数学模型。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

C A Putnam

引用次数: 0

Cardio-respiratory and perceptual recovery from a marathon run. 马拉松后的心肺和知觉恢复。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

B J Noble, C M Maresh, T G Allison, A Drash

{"title":"Cardio-respiratory and perceptual recovery from a marathon run.","authors":"B J Noble, C M Maresh, T G Allison, A Drash","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Seven male runners (21--42 years) were examined before and after the 1976 Boston Marathon to provide data concerning the cardio-respiratory and perceptual recovery from the performance. Treadmill runs, 30 min in duration, were administered 1 week prior to the marathon and 2--3, 6--7 and 13--15 days following. Treadmill speed was held constant and based on each runner's planned race pace. Maximal performance data were collected 1 week before and 2 weeks after the race. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA (4 thirty min run data collection periods and 3 exercise time points--5, 15 and 30 min) and \"t\" tests. Treatment effects were not observed for either HR or VE, however, perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly elevated 2--3 and 6--7 days post-marathon and VO2 was significantly lower at 13--15 days. HR and RPE showed significant time effects indicating a non-steady state response. None of the maximal test variables were significantly displaced. All variables were returned to pre-marathon levels by 13--15 days except VO2 which was lower. Aerobic capacity was not a limiting factor in the recovery from a marathon run. Muscle soreness and stiffness seem to be related to the increased perceptual ratings following a marathon run.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 3","pages":"239-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11726475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

American College of Sports Medicine opinion statement on the participation of the female athlete in long-distance running. 美国运动医学学院关于女运动员参加长跑的意见声明。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

引用次数: 0

Peripheral chemoreceptors and exercise hyperpnea. 外周化学感受器与运动性呼吸急促。

Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01

B J Whipp, J A Davis

{"title":"Peripheral chemoreceptors and exercise hyperpnea.","authors":"B J Whipp, J A Davis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The carotid bodies appear to be the only peripheral chemoreceptors mediating ventilatory control during exercise in man. While little is known about the mechanism of stimulation, much is known about the effects of carotid body stimulation upon pulmonary ventilation (VE). These effects have been produced by hypercapnia, hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, arterial blood pressure, temperature, and catecholamines. A signal from CO2 flow is attractive because of the strong correlation between CO2 output and VE during exercise. The carotid body's role in the hyperpnea depends on the intensity of exercise. During heavy exercise, pH falls and hyperventilation ensues. The carotid bodies appear to be the exclusive mediators of the ventilatory compensation for the acidosis at this exercise intensity. For moderate exercise, mean arterial PCO2 does not change. Therefore, how is the CO2 signal transmitted to the respiratory center? Two current theories are: (1) since arterial PCO2 and pH oscillate with each breath, the amplitude and period of these oscillations may change during exercise and may be of sufficient magnitude to stimulate the carotid bodies, and (2) there exists a disequilibrium between hydrogen ion activity within the red blood cell and in the plasma because carbonic anhydrase is found in the former but not the latter. This theory assumes that the enzyme is not accessible to the plasma.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 2","pages":"204-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11263182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0