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Medicine and science in sports最新文献

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Leg extension power and muscle fiber composition. 腿部伸展力与肌纤维组成。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
E F Coyle, D L Costill, G R Lesmes
{"title":"Leg extension power and muscle fiber composition.","authors":"E F Coyle,&nbsp;D L Costill,&nbsp;G R Lesmes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this investigation was to relate muscle fiber composition to the isokinetic measure of peak torque production through a range of leg extension velocities. Twenty-one males were biopsied from the vastus lateralis muscle to determine their percent distribution of slow twitch (%ST) and fast twitch (%FT) muscle fibers as identified through myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity. All subjects showed a decline in peak torque with increasing velocities. Subjects with predominantly FT fibers were able to generate 11, 16, 23 and 47 percent greater relative peak torque than could predominantly ST subjects at lever arm velocities of 115, 200, 287 and 400 degrees/second respectively. Likewise the correlation between relative torque production and % FT were significant (p less than .05) and increased from r = 0.44 to r = 0.75 as velocity increased from 115 to 400 degrees/second respectively. These data suggest that muscle fiber composition becomes increasingly more related to power performance as the velocity of movement increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11376646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance. 咖啡因和碳水化合物饲喂对耐力表现的影响。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
J L Ivy, D L Costill, W J Fink, R W Lower
{"title":"Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance.","authors":"J L Ivy,&nbsp;D L Costill,&nbsp;W J Fink,&nbsp;R W Lower","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine trained cyclists were studied to determine the effects of caffeine (CAF), and glucose polymer (GP) feedings on work production (kpm) during two hr of isokinetic cycling exercise (80 rpm). Ingestion of 250 mg of CAF 60 min prior to the ride was followed by ingestion of an additional 250 mg fed at 15 min intervals over the first 90 min of the exercise. This treatment significantly increased work production by 7.4% and Vo2 by 7.3% as compared to control (C) while the subjects' perception of exertion remained unchanged. Ingestion of approximately 90 g of GP during the first 90 min (12.8 g/15 min) of the exercise had no effect on total work production or Vo2. It was, however, effective in reducing the rate of fatigue over the last 30 min of cycling. Although GP maintained blood glucose and insulin levels (P less than or equal to 0.05) above those of the C and CAF trials, total CHO utilization did not differ between treatments. During the last 70 min of the CAF trial, however, fat oxidation was elevated 31% and appeared to provide the substrate needed for the increased work production during this period of exercise. These data, therefore, demonstrate an enhanced rate of lipid catabolism and work production following the ingestion of caffeine.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11686975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exercise in the post coronary patient: unanswered questions. 冠心病患者术后运动:未解之谜。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
J R Sutton
{"title":"Exercise in the post coronary patient: unanswered questions.","authors":"J R Sutton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"362-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11733174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries. 膝关节韧带损伤后骨矿物质含量的变化。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
S M Andersson, B E Nilsson
{"title":"Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries.","authors":"S M Andersson,&nbsp;B E Nilsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 44 patients with clinical signs of ligamentous injuries to the knee-joint without fracture, the bone mineral content was measured by gamma absorptiometry in the proximal end of the tibia and the fibula. The injuries caused a loss of an average 10% in those patients who had no signs of complete tears of knee ligaments and were therefore treated only with an ace-bandage and for a shortime, whereas the loss was 18% in those who were operated on with repair of ligamental injuries followed by plaster immobilization. Repeated injuries did not seem to cause further loss of mineral. There were no signs of restoration within the first year. The pre-injury bone mineral content was in these patients above that of an unselected control population, however, the post-traumatic loss of mineral brought the values down into a normal range.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"351-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11733406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of exercise in the heat on predisposition to heatstroke. 高温运动对中暑易感性的影响。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R W Hubbard
{"title":"Effects of exercise in the heat on predisposition to heatstroke.","authors":"R W Hubbard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews briefly the historical origins for both the cardiovascular and neural-anhidrotic concepts of heatstroke pathophysiology. It describes how deemphasis of the role of anhidrosis as the primary cause of heatstroke has resulted in: (a) an increased acceptance of animal models for heatstroke research; (b) further evidence that rigid reliance on the classic heatstroke symptoms (coma, anhidrosis, and a fever over 106 degrees F) can result in underdiagnosis; and (c) new research consistant with the hypothesis that exhaustive physical effort, by worsening circulatory collapse and metabolic acidosis predisposes tissue to hyperthermic injury and, as a result, substantially lowers the threshold for heatstroke injury and mortality. Thus, a new hypothesis combining the essential features of both direct thermal injury and cardiovascular origins of heatstroke pathophysiology may be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11590231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intrinsic motivation in a competitive setting. 竞争环境中的内在动机。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R S Weinberg
{"title":"Intrinsic motivation in a competitive setting.","authors":"R S Weinberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of success-failure and monetary reward on intrinsic motivation of males and females competing on a motor task. Results indicated a significant main effect for feedback with subjects exhibiting more intrinsic motivation after success than after failure. The Sex x Feedback interaction showed that males displayed more intrinsic motivation than females after success whereas females exhibited more intrinsic motivation than males after failure. Results are discussed in terms of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory and sex-role appropriate behaviors for males and females. Implications for competitive physical activity are drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 2","pages":"146-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11694852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Basketball: the mechanics of hanging in the air. 篮球:悬挂在空中的力学。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R D Bishop, J G Hay
{"title":"Basketball: the mechanics of hanging in the air.","authors":"R D Bishop,&nbsp;J G Hay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A theoretical technique to permit basketball players to \"hang in the air\" prior to the release of a shot is presented. The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether skilled players used such a technique when delaying the release of their shot and (b) to determine whether such players could be readily taught to \"hang in the air\" using this technique. Six current members of the Iowa basketball team were filmed, executing jump-shots. During each trial the players \"faked\" or \"pumped\" to delay the release of the shot. Qualitative analysis of the film revealed that none of the players demonstrated the coordinated limb movement involved in the theoretical technique. Prior to a second filming session, two former Iowa varsity players practiced a predetermined sequence of body movements. Each player performed eight trials and the results were analyzed quantitatively. The vertical displacements and the vertical velocities of the center of gravity, vertex of the head and mid-point of the hips were plotted against time. Results clearly indicated that the players were able to maintain the same vertical position of the head and hips (and thus, the trunk) for about 0.2 sec at or near the peak of the jump. It was concluded that a skilled player could be taught, in a relatively short period of time, to \"hang in the air\" using the techniques presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 3","pages":"274-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11726313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of Olympic weightlifters. 奥运会举重运动员的成绩评价。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
J Garhammer
{"title":"Performance evaluation of Olympic weightlifters.","authors":"J Garhammer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The comparison of weights lifted by athletes in different bodyweight categories is a continuing problem for the sport of olympic weightlifting. An objective mechanical evaluation procedure was developed using basic ideas from a model proposed by Ranta in 1975. This procedure was based on more realistic assumptions than the original model and considered both vertical and horizontal bar movements. Utilization of data obtained from film of national caliber lifters indicated that the proposed method was workable, and that the evaluative indices ranked lifters in reasonable order relative to other comparative techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 3","pages":"284-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11726315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of training: physiological responses. 训练的效果:生理反应。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
D A Cunningham, K J Ingram, P A Rechnitzer
{"title":"The effect of training: physiological responses.","authors":"D A Cunningham,&nbsp;K J Ingram,&nbsp;P A Rechnitzer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"379-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11599982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current status and prospects for post coronary exercise multicentre studies. 冠状动脉运动后多中心研究的现状与展望。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901140-00019
R J Shephard
{"title":"Current status and prospects for post coronary exercise multicentre studies.","authors":"R J Shephard","doi":"10.1249/00005768-197901140-00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-197901140-00019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"383-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/00005768-197901140-00019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11599983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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