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Religious Reasons in Public Deliberation 公共审议中的宗教原因
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.46
Andrew F. March, Alicia Steinmetz
{"title":"Religious Reasons in Public Deliberation","authors":"Andrew F. March, Alicia Steinmetz","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.46","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the history of and analyzes current trends within normative debates about the role of religion in public deliberation. Starting with the idea of an “exclusivist” approach, we look at the status of religious reasons within the frameworks broadly inspired by Rawlsian and Habermasian theories of public reason and deliberation, and recount seven core arguments against excluding religious reasons from public deliberation. The second section reviews approaches which work from similar moral assumptions and principles to those of exclusivism, but take the critiques surrounding the status of religious reasons seriously, leading to the development of a wide variety of models that we refer to broadly as “liberal inclusivist.” In the final section, we treat models which seek to incorporate religious reasons by rejecting the standard assumptions of public reason and communicative action, sometimes in the process, also rethinking the fundamental goals and methods of deliberation as such.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125573530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Forms of Deliberative Communication 协商沟通的形式
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.45
Francesca Polletta, B. Gardner
{"title":"The Forms of Deliberative Communication","authors":"Francesca Polletta, B. Gardner","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.45","url":null,"abstract":"As deliberative democratic theory has moved from a macro theory of democratic legitimacy to prescriptions for institutional design, questions about what constitutes deliberative communication have taken on increasing practical importance. At the same time, empirical data has accumulated to answer those questions. We review findings on the kinds of talk that produce either mutually-agreed upon decisions or better understanding of the issues at stake, equality among speakers, and impacts on policies or participants after the forum is over. Deliberative talk in facilitated settings today does not resemble the abstract, dispassionate reason-giving imagined by many theorists of deliberation. However, precisely for that reason, deliberative talk today is producing some of the benefits claimed for it.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Deliberative Democracy and Science 协商民主与科学
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.16
Alfred Moore
{"title":"Deliberative Democracy and Science","authors":"Alfred Moore","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"What might a deliberative politics of science look like? This chapter addresses this question by bringing together science studies and the theories and practices of deliberative democracy. This chapter begins by discussing the importance of considering the role of deliberation within scientific communities and institutions, particularly as it bears on the production of scientific judgments and decisions at the boundary between science and politics. The chapter then discusses the emergence of institutions for communicating scientific knowledge to policy-makers, public officials and citizens, which include not only expert tribunals but also the development of citizen panels, consensus conferences, and other forms of mini-publics. Finally, the chapter considers the role of “uninvited” ’ participation in science, emphasizing the role of social movements and critical civil society in both challenging and informing scientific knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133413160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Deliberation in Deeply Divided Societies 分裂严重的社会中的深思熟虑
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.51
Ian O´Flynn, Didier Caluwaerts
{"title":"Deliberation in Deeply Divided Societies","authors":"Ian O´Flynn, Didier Caluwaerts","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.51","url":null,"abstract":"Many comparative scholars argue that deliberation has little or no role to play in managing deep national, ethnic, or linguistic divisions. In their view, seeking compromise across deep divides should be the exclusive preserve of political elites, since ordinary people will tend to be highly insecure and hence lack the capacity to deliberate meaningfully across deep divides. In this chapter, we want to consider, and indeed defend, the claim that deliberation has a vital role to play in deeply divided societies—not just in terms of shaping relationships between competing political elites, but also between elites and the ordinary citizens they claim to represent. To substantiate this argument, we draw on and contribute to a growing body of literature on deliberative consociation and deliberative democracy in divided societies that seeks to examine whether deliberation can help ethnic groups in conflict to deal democratically with their divisions.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Africa and Deliberative Politics 非洲与协商政治
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.21
E. Ani
{"title":"Africa and Deliberative Politics","authors":"E. Ani","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows that deliberative democracy is an important consideration for African nations, especially with an eye on the divisive effects of aggregative politics on democracies involving multi-ethnic groupings. The chapter explores Wiredu’s plea for democracy by consensus as an alternative model better suited than multi-party politics for an African context, and concludes that we need further research to determine where we could institute consensual mechanisms in African countries. Furthermore, it proposes that research on deliberation in Africa needs to go beyond philosophical discussions, and that empirical scholars need to begin testing various arguments in the philosophical and theoretical debates about deliberation.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125448077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indigenous Spheres of Deliberation 土著审议领域
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.56
M. Hébert
{"title":"Indigenous Spheres of Deliberation","authors":"M. Hébert","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.56","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination and self-government are recognized by several international instances. Deliberation plays a key role in the exercise of these rights, and its forms are as diverse as the cultures and social structures of which it is part. However, efforts to understand commonalities and differences between contexts and experiences have led to discussions of what Rodolfo Stavenhagen has termed the “indigenous situation.” This chapter looks at some ways in which self-identified Indigenous peoples have maintained, repurposed, and developed practices of political deliberation within such contexts of colonialism, nation-state formation, and capitalist expansion. A particular emphasis is put on the various scales at which deliberation takes place, be it in community life, regional organizations, or national and international political movements.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Online Deliberation 在线审议
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.28
Kim Strandberg, Kimmo Grönlund
{"title":"Online Deliberation","authors":"Kim Strandberg, Kimmo Grönlund","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the empirical research on online deliberation, focusing on three aspects: the preconditions of online deliberations, the communicative processes of online deliberations as well as the central outcomes of online deliberations. Regarding preconditions, we provide an overview of sampling choices and use of incentives in recruitment. We also demonstrate the ways in which scholars have designed online deliberations. We gauge elements such as whether online deliberations are asynchronous or synchronous, allow for anonymous participants or not, employ facilitators or not, and how information materials are used. Regarding the communicative processes, we pinpoint a gap in the research since there are still rather few studies actually measuring discursive quality in online deliberation. Concerning outcomes of online deliberations, the chapter focuses mainly on how taking part in online deliberation affects participants. We also provide a brief overview of how online deliberations have been tied to actual policy-making.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127304164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Democratic Deliberation and Social Choice 民主审议与社会选择
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.14
C. List
{"title":"Democratic Deliberation and Social Choice","authors":"C. List","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"In normative political theory, it is widely accepted that democracy cannot be reduced to voting alone, but that it requires deliberation. In formal social choice theory, by contrast, the study of democracy has focused primarily on the aggregation of individual opinions into collective decisions, typically through voting. While the literature on deliberation has an optimistic flavour, the literature on social choice is more mixed. It is centred around several paradoxes and impossibility results identifying conflicts between different intuitively plausible desiderata. In recent years, there has been a growing dialogue between the two literatures. This paper discusses the connections between them. Important insights are that (i) deliberation can complement aggregation and open up an escape route from some of its negative results; and (ii) the formal models of social choice theory can shed light on some aspects of deliberation, such as the nature of deliberation-induced opinion change.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Politics in Translation 翻译中的政治
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.9
Michael Neblo, Avery White
{"title":"Politics in Translation","authors":"Michael Neblo, Avery White","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"Recently scholars have broadened deliberative democracy’s research agenda by developing its “systemic” interpretation. Conceiving of deliberation as a set of institutions and practices distributed throughout society, with different sites playing functionally differentiated roles simultaneously, brings the theory closer to political practice and opens up new normative potentials. However, the general turn towards a systemic interpretation of deliberation has also issued a substantial theoretical promissory note. Deliberative theorists now owe a detailed specification of what the key sites of deliberation are, how they relate to each other, and how those relations can yield emergent legitimacy, sometimes from practices and institutions that are not obviously deliberative on their face. We attempt to pay off a substantial portion of this theoretical debt by identifying the key connections between sites in the deliberative system, elaborating on the conditions that must obtain for the core of the system to function successfully.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Reflections on Deliberative Democracy 对协商民主的思考
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.44
A. Gutmann, Dennis F. Thompson
{"title":"Reflections on Deliberative Democracy","authors":"A. Gutmann, Dennis F. Thompson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.44","url":null,"abstract":"The disparity between the theory and practice of deliberative democracy should stimulate theorists not only to try to improve practice but also to develop the theory in new directions. Theorists need to pay more attention to the role of science in deliberation, the place of non-deliberative institutions, the legitimacy of decision-making deliberative bodies, and forms of institutional support for deliberation over time, such as civic education. The encounter with practice also shows that a theoretical understanding of mutual respect may be more important than continuing to insist on consensus. Systematic comparisons between deliberative and non-deliberative institutions and systems could help keep expectations for the future of deliberative democracy in perspective.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122019574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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