Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[Risk Factors for Mortality in Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis Cases].","authors":"Yusuf Ziya Demiroğlu, Emine Tuba Canpolat, Fulya Özer, Hatice Hale Gümüş, Şenay Demir Kekeç, Aysel Anli Pelit, Anıl Tanburoğlu, Ayşe Yavuz Derman","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250465","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a rare, difficult-to-diagnose, angioinvasive fungal disease with high morbidity and\u0000mortality. It is classified into clinical categories based on the anatomical regions involved. The most\u0000common clinical form is rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). In this study, we aimed to identify\u0000the risk factors for mortality in cases of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). We retrospectively\u0000evaluated histopathologically and/or microbiologically confirmed ROCM cases in patients over the age\u0000of 18, diagnosed in our clinic between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2024. A total of 49 patients\u0000were diagnosed as ROCM, with a mean age of 56.6 ± 15.5 years, including 22 women (44.9%) and 27\u0000men (55.1%). Patients had diabetes mellitus (65.3%), hematological cancer (24.4%), hematopoietic\u0000stem cell transplantation (10.2%), chronic kidney failure (8.1%), solid organ transplantation (8.1%), and\u0000solid organ cancer (8.1%). Predisposing factors among the patients included steroid treatment (32.6%),\u0000erythrocyte transfusion (26.5%), recent tooth extraction (20.4%), neutropenia (18.3%) and a recent\u0000history of coronavirus disease-2019 (12.2%). Periocular pain (81.6%), ophthalmoplegia (75.5%), periorbital cellulitis (69.3%) and ptosis (67.3%) were identified as the most common presenting symptoms\u0000and clinical findings. Although antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B), functional endoscopic\u0000sinus surgery (FESS) and orbital exenteration were performed when necessary, 24 patients (48.9%) died.\u0000Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of mortality was significantly higher in patients\u0000with hematological malignancy (8.2-fold), those receiving steroid therapy (5.2-fold), those undergoing\u0000chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment (10-fold) and those who received erythrocyte transfusion (9.8-fold). Additionally, patients presenting with orbital apex syndrome (3.5-fold), those with\u0000cerebral infarction (6.9-fold) and those whose duration from symptom onset to FESS exceeded 96 hours\u0000(4-fold) also had a significantly increased risk of death. As a result, underlying hematological malignancy,\u0000immunosuppressive therapy, steroid use, erythrocyte transfusion, the presence of orbital apex syndrome\u0000at admission, cerebral infarction and delayed surgical intervention were all found to increase the risk of\u0000mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 4","pages":"492-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Three-Year Multicenter Analysis of HIV Infection Diagnostic Data].","authors":"Aysel Karataş, Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu, Seyhan Ördekçi, Rabia Can, İskender Karalti, Baran Özdemir, Mehmet Ilktaç, Osman Sezer Cirit, Rıza Adaleti, Mehmet Emin Bulut, Peri Sohrabi Molla Yousefi, Hatice Erdoğan, Bilal Olcay Peker, Aydan Karagül, Aylin Sohrabi Erman Daloğlu, Meltem Irmak, Sibel Gökay, Melahat Gürbüz, Ayşe Rüveyda Uğur, Mehmet Berfe Canberk, Nagehan Didem Sarı, Günay Göker, Süleyman Pelit, Nilgün Kansak, Burçe Yalçın, Selçuk Kaya, Bedia Dinç, Zeynep Arzu İlki, Nurver Ülger Toprak, Aynur Eren Topkaya, Gülden Çelik","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250414","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three step human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing algorithm used in Türkiye was updated and implemented in 2019 in accordance with the current HIV testing algorithm of the Centers for\u0000Disease Control and Prevention. In this study, it was aimed to obtain HIV test data with a multicenter\u0000and multidisciplinary approach in order to reveal the current situation in the diagnosis of HIV/acquired\u0000immunodeficiency syndrome in our country and to identify new algorithm applications and problems\u0000encountered in HIV diagnosis. For this purpose, 12 HIV testing centers were asked about the HIV testing\u0000algorithms they use, the problems they encountered in practice and their suggestions for solution with a\u000057-question survey. The performance of the current algorithm and the current HIV status of the centers\u0000were evaluated with the total number of three-year fourth generation HIV enzyme linked immunsorbent\u0000assay (ELISA) tests , the number of repeated reactive tests, the distribution of confirmatory test results\u0000and the number of HIV nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) between 2018 and 2020. Between 2018\u0000and 2020, the total number of anti-HIV ELISA tests were 788261, 871299 and 835498, the repeating\u0000reactivity rates were 0.48, 0.51 and 0.70, respectively, while the confirmed HIV test rates were 0.24, 0.25\u0000and 0.21 respectively. During this period the rates of Western Blot (WB) confirmatory test utilization were\u000025.77%, 12.29% and 9.86%, respectively and are gradually decreasing. The utilization rates of HIV-1/2\u0000antibody differential rapid confirmatory tests recommended in the current algorithm were found to be\u000025.72%, 38.76% and 45.78%, respectively and it is seen to replace WB. The rates of HIV-1 RNA studied\u0000by year were 48.77%, 97.98% and 46.31% respectively. In our study, it has been observed that the use\u0000of the rapid HIV-1/2 antibody differential test, which is included in the new algorithm, is gradually increasing and is used more effectively in HIV diagnosis, while the use of HIV-1 NAT has decreased. This situation, which is associated with the shift of NAT opportunities to coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19)\u0000polymerase chain reaction studies in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires more detailed\u0000monitoring in terms of possible changes in the HIV epidemic in our country.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 4","pages":"475-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quantitative Agreement Between Kits in Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Measurement: Where Are We?]","authors":"Tuğba Bozdemir, Aylin Erman Daloğlu, Ömür Mustafa Parkan, Derya Mutlu, Dilek Çolak","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250457","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring of viral load is of critical importance in the clinical management of patients at risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related complications following transplantation. Quantitative real-time polymerase\u0000chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is one of the most commonly used methods for CMV DNA detection. For this\u0000purpose, commercial test kits calibrated according to the International Standard of Quantitation (ISQ)\u0000defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are used. However, measurement variability between\u0000different test systems still constitutes a significant problem. The aim of this study was to compare the test\u0000results of two different commercial kits, CMV Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman (CMV-CAP/CTM) (Roche\u0000Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and NeuMoDx CMV Quant Assay (Qiagen, Ann Arbor, USA) which\u0000have been calibrated with the WHO CMV IQS. The results of 478 plasma samples run simultaneously\u0000with the CMV-CAP/CTM and NeuMoDx CMV PCR tests were analyzed. Fully automated steps including\u0000extraction, real-time amplification and result analysis were performed according to the manufacturer’s\u0000recommendations. CMV DNA was detected in 216 (45.18%) samples and not detected in 82 (17.15%)\u0000samples in both tests. A total of 180 (37.65%) samples had discordant results. Statistically, a moderate\u0000level of qualitative agreement was found between the qualitative results of both tests (kappa= 0.28, p<\u00000.001). When the quantitative results obtained in the dynamic measurement range of both tests (n= 104)\u0000were examined, the median viral load values measured by CMV-CAP/CTM and NeuMoDx CMV tests were\u0000calculated as 1598 IU/mL (range= 137.41-115570) and 2600 IU/mL (range= 55-220000), respectively.\u0000According to the correlation analysis, a very strong correlation was found in the comparison of the results\u0000of both tests (r= 0.83, p< 0.001). According to the Bland-Altman analysis; the average difference between\u0000the CMV-CAP/CTM test and NeuMoDx CMV test values was found to be 0.296 log10 (standard deviation:\u00000.412) IU/mL (the lowest difference was 0.005 and the highest difference was -1.559 log10 IU/mL), and\u0000the CMV-CAP/CTM test gave lower measurements than the NeuMoDx CMV test. In 104 samples with results in the dynamic measurement range of both tests, for log10 IU/mL results, the measurement difference\u0000was within ±0.5 log10 IU/mL in 71 (quantitative agreement: 68.3%) samples and the measurement difference was greater than ±0.5 log10 in 33 (31.7%) samples (median= 0.7 log10 IU/ml; range: 0.51-1.56).\u0000A measurement difference of more than ±1 log10 was detected in two samples (1.9%). As a result, in the\u0000measurements made with CMV-CAP/CTM and NeuMoDx CMV PCR tests, a moderate level of agreement\u0000was found for qualitative results in plasma samples, a strong correlation for quantitative values and a biologically significant viral load difference in one-third of the samples was detected. Our study shows that\u0000the measurement differences observed between CMV PCR test platforms do not com","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 4","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Burkholderia cepacia Outbreak: Hospital-acquired Infection Caused by Contamination of Foam Soap].","authors":"Selda Kömeç, Ayşe Nur Ceylan, Onur Özalp, Mehmet Akif Durmuş, Alper Gündüz, Cüneyd Yavaş, Ramazan Korkusuz","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250437","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250437","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Burkholderia cepacia is an environmental bacterium that can cause nosocomial infections, particularly\u0000in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to describe a hospital outbreak caused by B.cepacia.\u0000In our hospital, we observed an unusual increase in B.cepacia growth in blood culture samples, prompting the infection control team to initiate a retrospective investigation due to concerns about a potential\u0000outbreak. Since February 2023, we have detected a rise in B.cepacia isolations from specimens of patients\u0000hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). As a result, we retrospectively reviewed patient data from\u0000the ICU with positive cultures in blood, tracheal aspirate, urine and other sterile body fluids between\u0000October 2022 and December 2023. The outbreak was defined as starting in February 2023 and ending\u0000in December 2023. During this period, we evaluated clinical data from infected patients, laboratory\u0000results and environmental samples (including medical devices and hygiene products). Bacteria isolated\u0000from patient and environmental samples were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization\u0000time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS Microflex LT/SH Smart MS, Bruker Daltonics, USA).\u0000The genetic relatedness of B.cepacia isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS was determined using 16S\u0000rRNA typing. To control the outbreak, contact isolation, enhanced hand hygiene protocols, environmental disinfection and discontinuation of foam soap use were implemented. Additionally, based on culture\u0000results, we performed de-escalation to reduce unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. A total of\u0000155 patients in the ICU were found to have B.cepacia growth, compared to only 13 patients in clinical\u0000wards. Among the patients with B.cepacia growth, 55.4% were diagnosed as B.cepacia infection. Of\u0000these, 78 (83.9%) had bloodstream infections, seven (7.5%) had ventilator-associated pneumonia, four\u0000(4.3%) had hospital-acquired pneumonia, three (3.2%) had urinary tract infections and one (1.1%) had\u0000peritonitis. Overall, 39.8% of patients died due to sepsis. Patients without a diagnosis of infection were\u0000considered colonized. We detected B.cepacia growth in 43.8% of foam soap samples used in the ICU.\u0000The bacterium was also isolated from unopened soap bottles, and 16S rRNA analysis showed that 23\u0000strains isolated from patients and foam soaps were phylogenetically related. Colony counts of B.cepacia\u0000in foam soap cultures exceeded 1000 CFU/mL, surpassing the acceptable limits stated in the “Guidelines\u0000for the Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Products.” Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was identified as the\u0000antibiotic with the highest susceptibility rate among our clinical isolates. We contacted the manufacturer\u0000of the foam soaps used in our hospital to identify and eliminate the source of the contamination. The outbreak lasted approximately 270 days, from February to November 2023. This outbreak highlights that\u0000despite its low virulence, B.cepacia ca","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 4","pages":"452-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Effect of Different Media on MALDI-TOF MS Analysis Data Based on the Composite Correlation Index of Malassezia furfur].","authors":"Çağrı Ergin, Gözde Gülcan Ünal, Tuğrul Hoşbul, İlknur Kaleli","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250472","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is widely used in microbiology. Composite index (CI) analyses, which involve evaluating spectra obtained from\u0000the device as well as small peak data, are a crucial method for examining microbial differences. When\u0000analysing the impact of external factors on cell composition, the composite correlation index (CCI) facilitates the grouping of spectrum data. In recent years, a significant increase in the isolation of Malassezia\u0000furfur strains from clinical specimens has been observed. Due to its lipid-dependent growth characteristics, this pathogen does not grow on the media typically used in routine mycology, such as Sabouraud’s\u0000dextrose agar. It is therefore recommended that each laboratory prepare and use its own appropriate\u0000media when necessary. However, the contents and their quantities in media used to cultivate Malassezia\u0000yeasts can vary considerably. Modified Dixon agar (mDA), modified Leeming & Notman agar (mLNA)\u0000and Fast Fung agar (FFA) are widely used as both primary culture media and in research. The variation\u0000in the composition of these media may lead to different spectra forming. This study aimed to investigate\u0000the relationship between MALDI-TOF MS spectra obtained from cultivating lipophilic M.furfur strains on\u0000different media and to assess their usability in routine practice. Seventeen M.furfur isolates included in\u0000the study were grown on mDA, mLNA and FFA agar. CI analyses of MALDI-TOF MS spectra of the strains\u0000were performed and CCI data were compared. While no difference was found in the CI values of the FFA\u0000and mLNA media for the strains included in the study (p> 0.05), the CI values of both media were higher\u0000than those of the mDA media (p< 0.05). Kurtosis values for the media were calculated as 1.83, -0.56, and\u0000-1.16, respectively, for FFA, mLNA and mDA. The platykurtic distribution of the mDA medium data in the\u0000study suggests that, despite its widespread use, it may lead to time-consuming spectroscopic analyses.\u0000The high CI values observed in FFA and mLNA media prepared with tween 60 indicate that methods such\u0000as MALDI-TOF MS are more suitable for standardization in the analysis of M.furfur. Differences in tween\u0000will also affect the efficiency of tween removal protocols in MALDI-TOF MS analyses. The acquisition of\u0000variable data and the requirement to process minor spectral parameters, such as CI values, underscore\u0000the importance of standardizing culture media protocols. Achieving consistency in media formulation\u0000will further support the generation of comparable data between laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 4","pages":"517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of ERG11 and MRR1 Resistance Genes in Candida parapsilosis Isolates].","authors":"Özge Kurt, Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu, Zeynep Yazgan, Neşe Arslan, Gökhan Aygün, Ömer Küçükbasmaci","doi":"10.5578/mb.202503136","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202503136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida parapsilosis is an important fungal pathogen that is particularly isolated from blood cultures.\u0000In recent years, although there are regional differences between centres, resistance to fluconazole which is the most commonly preferred drug for candidemia, has increased in many regions. This increase\u0000complicates infection control and adversely affects treatment. In C.parapsilosis, codon 132 Y/F change in\u0000ERG11 is accepted as the dominant mechanism and it is reported that some amino acid changes in MRR1\u0000may also contribute to resistance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the azole resistance mechanisms\u0000of ERG11 and MRR1 in C.parapsilosis sensu stricto isolated in our centre. 30 C.parapsilosis sensu stricto\u0000obtained from patients with candidemia in 2018 and 2019 were tested for susceptibility to fluconazole\u0000by broth microdilution method and amplified by colony polymerase chain reaction approach and DNA\u0000sequence analysis was performed on selected regions. As a result of the analysis, Y132F mutation was\u0000identified in one susceptible isolate while Y132F, G307A and K143R mutations were detected in resistant\u0000isolates in ERG11; R405K mutation was detected in one susceptible isolate whereas G927C mutation was\u0000observed in the resistant isolates in MRR1.R398I mutation in ERG11 was detected in dose-dependent\u0000susceptible and sensitive isolates. Although Y132F mutation is the primary mechanism and the most frequently detected mutation, potential mechanisms should not be neglected. In our study, the G307A and\u0000G927C mutations detected in resistant isolates were observed as single mutations in some of the samples. Similarly, the R398I mutation in susceptible isolates was identified alone. Studies aimed at elucidating\u0000these mechanisms will contribute to the proper development of therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 3","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex DNA in Stool by PCR Method in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis].","authors":"Feyza Nur Ariman, Deniz Gazel, Füsun Fakili, Tekin Karsligil","doi":"10.5578/mb.202503158","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202503158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sputum is the most commonly used sample in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. However,\u0000elderly patients, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, patients with neurological deficits and children may not be able to remove sputum easily even if they can produce. Although different\u0000samples can be taken with invasive methods in patient groups who cannot expectorate, this situation is\u0000both traumatic and costly for the patient. It has been recommended to use stool samples in children and\u0000adolescents as a diagnostic sample in pulmonary tuberculosis by using the polymerase chain reaction\u0000(PCR) method with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra by the World Health Organization since 2022. In our study, we\u0000aimed to evaluate the potential use of stool samples in adult patients in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Seventeen patients with a pre-diagnosis of tuberculosis who attended the pulmonology clinic\u0000of Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Application Hospital and 20 volunteers (control group)\u0000without tuberculosis symptoms were included in the study. Sputum and stool samples were collected\u0000from patients and volunteers. Sputum samples were evaluated by acid-resistant bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, culture and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and stool samples were evaluated only by PCR method with\u0000Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. AFB smear microscopy, sputum culture, sputum and stool samples PCR results of\u0000the control group were all found to be negative. The sputum samples PCR results were found positive\u0000in the entire patient group. Forty seven percent (n= 8) of the patients were evaluated as AFB smear microscopy positive, while 100% (n= 17) were evaluated as the sputum culture result positive. The stool\u0000samples PCR results were found to be positive in 94% (n= 16) of the patients. Although the sputum\u0000sample PCR and culture results of one patient were positive, the stool sample PCR result was found to\u0000be negative. When the sputum culture result was considered as a reference, the sensitivity of the stool\u0000samples PCR test was 94.1%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100% and negative\u0000predictive value was 95.2%. According to the data obtained in our study, the stool sample may be an alternative sample for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly, HIV-positive/immunosuppressive\u0000patients and in patients with neurological deficits who cannot provide a sputum sample or do not have\u0000sufficient sputum production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 3","pages":"257-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A Case of Presumptive Lophomonas Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Man Presenting with Hemoptysis].","authors":"Nurbanu Yaşar, Yüksel Balci, Gözde Arslan, Esma Baş, Nuran Delialioğlu, Eylem Sercan Özgür","doi":"10.5578/mb.202503148","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202503148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lophomonas blattarum is a protozoan that typically infects the lower respiratory tract and causes\u0000bronchopulmonary infections. Although its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, they may include\u0000symptoms such as cough, sputum production, fever, chest discomfort, and respiratory distress. The\u0000diagnosis of Lophomonas infection relies on the morphological identification of the parasite in respiratory\u0000secretions using light microscopy. Differentiating the parasite from ciliated bronchial epithelial cells is\u0000challenging and critically important for accurate diagnosis. In this case report a L.blattarum infection in\u0000an immunocompetent adult man was presented. A 46-year-old man admitted to our hospital with the\u0000complaints of hemoptysis, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, night sweats and productive cough. Thoracic\u0000computed tomography revealed a 2 cm abscess/cyst in the right upper lobe, with adjacent consolidation/\u0000atelectasis and ground-glass opacities. Empirical treatment was initiated with a preliminary diagnosis\u0000of pneumonia. Due to persistent hemoptysis, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed. Sputum and\u0000bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were collected for acid-fast bacilli testing, culture and direct\u0000microscopic examination. Trophozoites morphologically consistent with L.blattarum were observed in\u0000the BAL specimen by direct microscopy and Giemsa staining. A polymerase chain reaction analysis was\u0000performed to confirm the diagnosis; however, no reliable results specific to the target parasite were\u0000obtained. Therefore, based on compatible microscopic findings, a presumptive diagnosis of Lophomonas\u0000infection was made and nonspecific antibiotic therapies were discontinued in favor of metronidazole.\u0000Following the treatment, the patient experienced dramatic clinical and radiological improvement\u0000and was discharged in good health. This case highlights that Lophomonas infection can also occur in\u0000immunocompetent individuals and may mimic other bronchopulmonary infections. It underscores the\u0000critical role of microscopic examination in diagnosis, while also pointing to the need for standardized\u0000molecular diagnostic methods. In clinical practice, the possibility of lophomoniasis should not be ignored\u0000in cases that do not respond to empirical antibiotic therapy and every suspected case should be carefully\u0000evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 3","pages":"413-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An Innovative Combination in the Combat Against Trypanosoma cruzi: The Synergistic Effect of Benznidazole and Essential Oil Components].","authors":"Yener Özel, İbrahim Çavuş, Umut Yilmaz, Mehmet Ünlü","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250312","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250312","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the most significant neglected tropical diseases. Approximately 6-7 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with\u0000T.cruzi, with about 12000 deaths annually attributed to the disease. In Türkiye, natural transmission does\u0000not occur due to the absence of vectors carrying the parasite. However, touristic or commercial travels\u0000to endemic areas and migration from these regions increase the risk of Chagas disease emergence in the\u0000country. Currently, only two drugs, benznidazole (BENZ) and nifurtimox, are available for the treatment\u0000of Chagas disease. These drugs have limitations, including effectiveness only during the acute or early\u0000stages of infection, adverse side effects and the potential for the parasite to develop resistance. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new, safe and effective therapeutic alternatives for treating Chagas\u0000disease. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and cytotoxicity of essential oil components (EOCs)\u0000such as α-pinene, isoborneol, carvacrol, coumarin and eugenol against T.cruzi and their synergy with\u0000BENZ. In this study, the T.cruzi ATCC 50825 reference strain was used. BENZ was selected as the reference drug and α-pinene, isoborneol, carvacrol, coumarin, and eugenol were chosen as EOCs. Cytotoxic\u0000activity was evaluated using the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities were determined using the broth microdilution method and interactions between BENZ and EOCs\u0000were assessed using the checkerboard method. The IC50 values indicating the cytotoxic effects of EOCs\u0000and BENZ on fibroblast cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours were as follows: α-pinene (26.68-20.79 µg/mL),\u0000isoborneol (128.7-73.63 µg/mL), carvacrol (4.56-2.49 µg/mL), coumarin (169.3-108.6 µg/mL), eugenol\u0000(6.04-1.65 µg/mL), and BENZ (1011-806.9 µg/mL). The IC50 values for antitrypanosomal activity at 48\u0000hours were 11.8 µg/mL, 114.6 µg/mL, 3.9 µg/mL, 268.6 µg/mL, 19.5 µg/mL, and 11.7 µg/mL for the\u0000same compounds, respectively. Carvacrol, α-pinene and eugenol demonstrated the most potent activity\u0000and especially carvacrol and α-pinene being comparable to the reference drug BENZ. Selectivity index\u0000(SI) calculations revealed high selective activity (SI&gt; 1) for BENZ and α-pinene, while other EOCs exhibited lower selectivity (SI&lt; 1). Nevertheless, synergistic interactions were identified in all combinations\u0000of EOCs with BENZ. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance in T.cruzi remain poorly understood.\u0000Natural compounds with multiple biological effects, new drug formulations and innovative combinations\u0000can contribute to overcoming drug resistance. Among these strategies, essential oil components, known\u0000for their biological activities against various microorganisms, offer promising alternatives. In addition to\u0000the strong antitrypanosomal activities of EOCs, their synergistic interaction with BENZ may fill important\u0000gaps in the literature","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 3","pages":"386-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of Anti-Endomysial Antibodies Using Monkey Esophagus and Liver Specimens in Celiac Disease Patients: Diagnostic Performance of IgA Detection Tests].","authors":"Mehmet Soylu, Seyfi Durmaz, Melike Yaşar Duman, Murat Sezak, Miray Karakoyun, Merter Yiğit, Nalan Gülşen Ünal","doi":"10.5578/mb.202503154","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202503154","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of monkey esophagus (ME) and monkey\u0000liver (MK) preparations in the detection of anti-endomysium (EMA) IgA antibodies used in the diagnosis\u0000of celiac disease (CD) and to evaluate their relationship with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG)\u0000IgA and anti-deamine gliadin peptide (GAF3X) IgA levels.This methodological and cross-sectional study\u0000included 123 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of CD who did not have selective IgA deficiency. EMA\u0000IgA tests were evaluated using the indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IIF) method with ME and\u0000ML preparations. Serological tests (anti-TTG IgA and GAF3X IgA) were analyzed using the ELISA method\u0000and intestinal biopsy results were categorized according to the Marsh classification. The diagnostic\u0000performance of the tests was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive\u0000values. Differences between groups were analyzed using statistical methods. Among 90 patients with\u0000anti-TTG IgA positivity, 96.67% were positive with ML testing, while 88.89% were positive with ME\u0000testing. A high agreement was observed between ME and ML tests (Kappa= 0.692, p&lt; 0.001) and both\u0000preparations demonstrated similar effectiveness in detecting EMA IgA positivity. A strong relationship\u0000was identified between Marsh positivity and serological test results. ML testing showed 100% sensitivity\u0000and 50% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 86% and 100%, respectively. ME\u0000testing exhibited 97.7% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of\u000089.4% and 90%, respectively. Quantitative test results revealed significant differences between pediatric\u0000and adult groups (ML: p= 0.006; ME: p= 0.048). However, age (p= 0.268) and gender (p= 0.775) had\u0000no statistically significant impact on Marsh positivity. Correspondence analysis indicated a statistically\u0000significant relationship between ME and ML categories (p&lt; 0.001) and a high level of correlation was\u0000detected in the positive categories. As a result of the receiver operating characteristic analysis for the antiTTG IgA test, the area under the curve value was calculated as 0.822 which revealed that the test has a\u0000good capacity to distinguish between Marsh score positivity and negativity. An optimal cutoff value of\u0000223.84 RU/mL was identified, with sensitivity of 60.5% and specificity of 100%, emphasizing its clinical\u0000utility in reducing biopsy requirements. These findings supported the high diagnostic value of EMA IgA\u0000and other serological tests in CD diagnosis. The use of EMA IgA tests with ME and ML preparations was\u0000shown to be an effective serological method in the diagnosis of CD. ML preparations demonstrated\u0000higher sensitivity compared to ME but were more limited in specificity. The optimal cutoff value for\u0000anti-TTG IgA testing in relation to Marsh score positivity may assist in clinical decision-making processes.\u0000These findings have shed light","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 3","pages":"338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}