D. Bozhinoski, Esther Aguado, M. Oviedo, C. H. Corbato, R. Sanz, A. Wąsowski
{"title":"A Modeling Tool for Reconfigurable Skills in ROS","authors":"D. Bozhinoski, Esther Aguado, M. Oviedo, C. H. Corbato, R. Sanz, A. Wąsowski","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Known attempts to build autonomous robots rely on complex control architectures, often implemented with the Robot Operating System platform (ROS). The implementation of adaptable architectures is very often ad hoc, quickly gets cumbersome and expensive. Reusable solutions that support complex, runtime reasoning for robot adaptation have been seen in the adoption of ontologies. While the usage of ontologies significantly increases system reuse and maintainability, it requires additional effort from the application developers to translate requirements into formal rules that can be used by an ontological reasoner. In this paper, we present a design tool that facilitates the specification of reconfigurable robot skills. Based on the specified skills, we generate corresponding runtime models for self-adaptation that can be directly deployed to a running robot that uses a reasoning approach based on ontologies. We demonstrate the applicability of the tool in a real robot performing a patrolling mission at a university campus.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jabier Martinez, A. Ruiz, A. Radermacher, Stefano Tonetta
{"title":"Assumptions and Guarantees for Composable Models in Papyrus for Robotics","authors":"Jabier Martinez, A. Ruiz, A. Radermacher, Stefano Tonetta","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00007","url":null,"abstract":"The separation of concerns helps to manage the intrinsic complexity of defining robotics components, systems and missions. This separation of concerns is supported by the Rob-MoSys modelling approach addressing both the modelling needs of the robotics domain and identifying the involved stakeholders and required expertise. In this multi-stakeholder context, there are pressing concerns about non-functional characteristics including safety aspects (e.g., collaborative robots, increasing risks to humans and the environment where robotic systems operate). It is of special interest to explicitly establish the non-functional assumptions and guarantees. This assures that the their validity can be automatically evaluated, in particular during the definition of a system as a composition of several component definitions. We present how we extended one of the RobMoSys implementations, Papyrus for Robotics, for contracts modelling and assertions validation. Notably this includes the meta-modelling decisions to allow extensibility for assertion languages.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power and Energy Communication Services for Control-software Models","authors":"Reynaldo Cobos Méndez, D. Dresscher, J. Broenink","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00016","url":null,"abstract":"Implementing energy-based controllers in software represents a challenge for software engineers, as additional expertise is required to abide by the physics-domain constraints of energy exchange in the design and structure of the control software. Our paper bridges the gap between software engineering and the physics domain by conveying energy exchange to control-software modelling. We use principles of physical systems and the bond -graph modelling language to identify the mechanisms and constraints of energy exchange and represent them as data-communication services for software models. This work resulted in metamodels and models for power and energy communication that can facilitate the first-time-right implementation of robot-control software.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128563926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Mayr-Dorn, M. Winterer, Christian Salomon, Doris Hohensinger, R. Ramler
{"title":"Considerations for using Block-Based Languages for Industrial Robot Programming - a Case Study","authors":"Christoph Mayr-Dorn, M. Winterer, Christian Salomon, Doris Hohensinger, R. Ramler","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00008","url":null,"abstract":"The paradigm shift triggered by Industry 4.0 leads to a fast rising number of industrial machinery and collaborative robots that increases the need for flexible customization of production processes and automation workflows. End-user programming of industrial robots has become an essential capability for all areas in industry. Consequently, different visual programming languages have found their way into the domain of industrial robot programming. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of block-based programming languages for large and complex robot programs in realistic environments. Here, a key aspect of robot programming is not only the interaction with the physical environment, but also the robot's interaction with other shopfloor participants at the software control level. To this end, we analysed the requirements for programming a robot based a real world production cell and implemented the necessary programming constructs using Blockly, an open-source block-based visual language. We assessed the results comparing the implementation of a change in Blockly and the Sequential Function Chart-based language. We find that while Blockly is able to express large and complex real-world robot programs, a major contributing factor is not just the language itself but the presentation of the robot's run-time environment as well as support by the development environment (i.e., editor). Our preliminary user experiment has identified a set of challenges in understanding and changing such programs that we now plan to follow-up with a larger user study.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Angerer, Federico Ciccozzi, I. Malavolta, A. Wortmann
{"title":"Message from the RoSE 2021 Chairs","authors":"A. Angerer, Federico Ciccozzi, I. Malavolta, A. Wortmann","doi":"10.1109/rose52553.2021.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rose52553.2021.00005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116040385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jabier Martinez, A. Ruiz, Ainara Garzo, T. Keller, A. Radermacher, Stefano Tonetta
{"title":"Modelling the Component-based Architecture and Safety Contracts of ArmAssist in Papyrus for Robotics","authors":"Jabier Martinez, A. Ruiz, Ainara Garzo, T. Keller, A. Radermacher, Stefano Tonetta","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare robots are increasingly being used and the way they are engineered they still have several challenges regarding reference models and validation. In this experience report we focus on the ArmAssist robotic system and how it can be modelled including safety considerations for validation in early design phases. ArmAssist is an upper-limb robotic system for stroke rehabilitation based on serious games. The open-source tool Papyrus for Robotics was used for modelling the robotic system in close collaboration with neurorehabilitation domain experts. Papyrus for Robotics includes new functionalities that we contributed for contract-based design at component and system level, allowing to make explicit and validate the safety considerations using formal languages. In our case, the assertions are expressed in OCL and Othello. We present the resulting model and a discussion from domain experts.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122916389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inferred Interactive Controls Through Provenance Tracking of ROS Message Data","authors":"Thomas E. F. Witte, M. Tichy","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00018","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive controls that enrich visualizations need domain knowledge to create a sensible visual representation, as well as access to parameters and data to manipulate. However, source data and the means to visualize them are often scattered across multiple components, making it hard to link a value change in the interface to the appropriate source data. Provenance, the documentation of the origin and history of message data, can be used to reverse the evaluation of a value and change it at its source. We present a communication pattern as well as a C++ support library for ROS to track the provenance of message data across multiple nodes and apply source changes, reversing any transformation on the tracked data. We demonstrate that it is possible to automatically infer interactive 3D user interfaces from standard, non-interactive ROS visualizations by leveraging this additional tracking information. Preliminary results from a prototypical implementation of multiple origin tracking enabled ROS nodes indicate, that this tracking introduces a significant but still practicable message size and serialization performance overhead. To apply this tracking to existing C++ codebases only small, syntactic changes are necessary: a wrapper type around tracked values hides all necessary bookkeeping.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Schörner, Constantin Wanninger, A. Hoffmann, Oliver Kosak, W. Reif
{"title":"Architecture for Emergency Control of Autonomous UAV Ensembles**This work is partly funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under the COMBO grant","authors":"Martin Schörner, Constantin Wanninger, A. Hoffmann, Oliver Kosak, W. Reif","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has benefits for many different use-cases. Existing implementations of ground control stations (GCS) to manage UAVs in such scenarios already provide some support for the operation of multi-unit systems, i.e., ensembles. However, since they are usually designed for the operation of only one copter at once, this is often not sufficient to react quickly in dangerous situations, e.g., search and rescue scenarios. To address this problem, we propose an approach for easy observation and control of complete autonomous UAV ensembles: The Intention of our approach is to greatly reduce the number of personnel required for the operation of an UAV ensemble. Thereby, we generate the possibility for rapid intervention in potentially dangerous situations in order to prevent damage to the UAVs and the environment. In this paper, we present a software architecture for this safety-critical multi UAV ground control station including a fully implemented prototype which we also tested in a realistic environment.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114993443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specifying QoS Requirements and Capabilities for Component-Based Robot Software","authors":"Samuel Parra, Sven Schneider, N. Hochgeschwender","doi":"10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RoSE52553.2021.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Assembling robotic multi-agent systems is becoming increasingly attractive due to the emergence of affordable robots. For coordinated missions such fleets usually have to communicate over unreliable channels and still achieve adequate performance. To support system designers in quantifying adequateness, in this paper we present a domain-specific language (DSL) that allows domain-experts to specify (i) quality of service (QoS) requirements of the communication channels; and (ii) QoS capabilities of the involved software components. Such QoS specifications complement the QoS management that has recently been introduced into ROS 2. To fully utilize this approach we have also developed an associated ROS 2 DSL which enables us to verify QoS specifications and provide feedback to the users already at design time. We have evaluated the developed language workbench following the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) approach which demonstrates that the QoS DSL is complete with respect to ROS 2 and can be easily extended. Additionally, we generate a proof-of-concept implementation for a QoS monitor that can be seamlessly integrated into existing ROS 2 projects.","PeriodicalId":184729,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123029480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}