Microbial Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Virulence-related genes expression in planktonic mixed cultures of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species.","authors":"Melanie Soriano-Abarca,Juan Carlos Tapia,María José Cáceres-Valdiviezo,Gabriel Morey-León,Juan Fernández-Cadena,Linda Díaz-Cevallos,Derly Andrade-Molina","doi":"10.1159/000540991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540991","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONCandida albicans is the most common opportunistic pathogen causing fungal infections worldwide, especially in high-risk patients. Its pathogenicity is related to virulence factors gene expression, such as hyphal growth (HWP1), cell adhesion (ALS3), and protease secretion (SAP1) during infection spreading mechanisms. In recent years, an increase in non-albicans Candida infections has been reported, which may present co-infection or competitive interactions with C. albicans, potentially aggravating the patient's condition. This study aims to evaluate the expression of genes related to virulence factors of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida during planktonic stage.METHODSCandida albicans (ATCC MYA-3573) as well as with three clinical strains (C. albicans DCA53, C. tropicalis DCT6, and C. parapsilosis DCP1) isolated from blood samples, were grown in 24-well plates at 37°C for 20 hours, either in monocultures or mixed cultures. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of the genes HWP1, ALS3, and SAP1 in cells collected during the planktonic stage. In addition, hyphal filamentation was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope Results. The overexpression of HWP1 and ASL3 genes in mixed growth conditions between C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species suggests a synergistic relationship as well as an increased capacity for hyphal growth and adhesion. In contrast, C. parapsilosis vs C. tropicalis interaction shows an antagonistic relationship during mixed culture, suggesting a decreased virulence profile of C. parapsilosis during initial co-infection with C. tropicalis.CONCLUSIONThe expression of HWP1, ALS3 and SAP1 genes associated with virulence factors varies under competitive conditions among species of the genus Candida during planktonic stage.","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted dinoflagellates and the marine model Prorocentrum cordatum.","authors":"Jana Kalvelage, Ralf Rabus","doi":"10.1159/000540520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group within the taxon Alveolata, which comprises unicellular eukaryotes. Dinoflagellates have long been studied for their organismic and morphologic diversity as well as striking cellular features. They have a main size range of 10‒100 µm, a complex \"cell covering\", exceptionally large genomes (~1‒250 Gbp with a mean of 50,000 protein-encoding genes) spread over a variable number of highly condensed chromosomes, and perform a closed mitosis with extranuclear spindles (dinomitosis). Photosynthetic, marine, and free-living Prorocentrum cordatum is a ubiquitously occurring, bloom-forming dinoflagellate and an emerging model system, particularly with respect to systems biology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis of P. cordatum recently revealed (i) a flattened nucleus with unusual structural features and a total of 62 tightly packed chromosomes, (ii) a single, barrel-shaped chloroplast devoid of grana and harboring multiple starch granules, (iii) a single, highly reticular mitochondrion, and (iv) multiple phosphate and lipid storage bodies. Comprehensive proteomics of subcellular fractions suggested (i) major basic nuclear proteins to participate in chromosome condensation, (ii) composition of nuclear pores to differ from standard knowledge, (iii) photosystems I and II, chloroplast complex I, and chlorophyll a-b binding light harvesting complex to form a large megacomplex (&gt;1.5 MDa), and (iv) an extraordinary richness in pigment-binding proteins. Systems biology-level investigation of heat stress response demonstrated a concerted down-regulation of CO2-concentrating mechanisms, CO2-fixation, central metabolism, and monomer biosynthesis, which agrees with reduced growth yields.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>FIB/SEM analysis revealed new insights into the remarkable subcellular architecture of P. cordatum, complemented by proteogenomic unravelling of novel nuclear structures and a photosynthetic megacomplex. These recent findings are put in the wider context of current understanding of dinoflagellates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insider's perspective about the pathogenic relevance of gut bacterial transportomes.","authors":"Hassan Zafar, Milton H. Saier Jr","doi":"10.1159/000538779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538779","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The gut microbiome is integral to host health, hosting complex interactions between the host and numerous microbial species in the gastrointestinal tract. Key among the molecular mechanisms employed by gut bacteria are transportomes, consisting of diverse transport proteins crucial for bacterial adaptation to the dynamic, nutrient-rich environment of the mammalian gut. These transportomes facilitate the movement of a wide array of molecules, impacting both the host and the microbial community.\u0000\u0000\u0000SUMMARY\u0000This communication explores the significance of transportomes in gut bacteria, focusing on their role in nutrient acquisition, competitive interactions among microbes, and potential pathogenicity. It delves into the transportomes of key gut bacterial species like E. coli, Salmonella, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridia, and Bifidobacterium, examining the functions of predicted transport proteins. The overview synthesizes recent research efforts, highlighting how these transportomes influence host-microbe interactions and contribute to the microbial ecology of the gut.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY MESSAGES\u0000Transportomes are vital for the survival and adaptation of bacteria in the gut, enabling the import and export of various nutrients and molecules. The complex interplay of transport proteins not only supports bacterial growth and competition but also has implications for host health, potentially contributing to pathogenic processes. Understanding the pathogenic potential of transportomes in major gut bacterial species provides insights into gut health and disease, offering avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas stutzeri KC carries the pdt genes for carbon tetrachloride degradation on an integrative and conjugative element.","authors":"Holly L. Sewell, C. Criddle, Sung-Geun Woo, Sooyeol Kim, Jochen A Müller, Anne-Kristin Kaster","doi":"10.1159/000538783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538783","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas stutzeri KC can rapidly degrade carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to CO2 by a fortuitous reaction with pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid), a metal chelator encoded by pdt genes. These genes were first identified after a spontaneous mutant, strain CTN1, lost the ability to degrade CCl4. Here we report the complete genome of strain KC and show that these pdt genes are located on an integrative and conjugative element (ICE), designated ICEPsstKC. Comparative genome analyses revealed homologues of pdt genes in genomes of members of other gammaproteobacterial orders. Discrepancies between the tree topologies of the deduced pdt gene products and the host phylogeny based on 16S rRNA provided evidence for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in several sequenced strains of these orders. In addition to ICEPsstKC, HGT may be have been facilitated by other mobile genetic elements, as indicated by the location of the pdt gene cluster adjacent to fragments of other ICEs and prophages in several genome assemblies. We could here show that the majority of cells from the culture collection DSMZ had lost the ICE. The presence of the pdt gene cluster on mobile genetic elements has important implications for the bioremediation of CCl4 for bioremediation of CCl4 and needs consideration when selecting suitable strains.","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global growth phase response of the gut bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus (phylum Bacteroidota).","authors":"Sören-Tobias Vital, Urte Clausen, Jessika Füssel, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Pia Lambertus, Martina Gehler, Sabine Scheve, Lars Wöhlbrand, Thorsten Dittmar, Ralf Rabus","doi":"10.1159/000538914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538914","url":null,"abstract":"Phocaeicola vulgatus belongs to the intestinal microbiome, where it fermentatively breaks down of food-derived biopolymers , thereby, contributing to the gut metabolome. Moreover, due to its product range, P. vulgatus is a potential nonstandard platform organism for sustainable production of basic organic chemicals. Complementing a recent physiologic-proteomic report deciphering the strain's versatile fermentation network [1], the present study focuses on the global growth phase-dependent response. P. vulgatus was anaerobically cultivated with glucose in process-controlled bioreactors. Close sampling was conducted to measure growth parameters (OD, CDW, ATP content, substrate/product profiles) to determine growth stoichiometry. A coarser sampling (½ODmax, ODmax, and ODstat) served the molecular analysis of the global growth phase-dependent response, applying proteomics (soluble and membrane fractions, nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS) and targeted/untargeted metabolome analyses. The determined growth performance of features 1.74 h doubling time, 0.06 gCDW/mmolGlc biomass yield, 0.36 (succinate) and 0.61 (acetate) mmolP/mmolGlc as predominant fermentation product yields, and 0.43 mmolATP/mmolC as theoretically calculated ATP yield. The fermentation pathway displayed growth phase-dependent dynamics: the levels of proteins and their accompanying metabolites constituting the upper part of glycolysis peaked at ½ODmax, whereas those of the lower part of glycolysis and of the fermentation routes in particular towards predominant acetate and succinate were highest at ODmax and ODstat. While identified proteins of monomer biosynthesis displayed rather unspecific profiles, most of the intracellular amino acids peaked at ODmax. By contrast, proteins and metabolites related to stress response and quorum sensing showed increased abundances at ODmax and ODstat. The composition of the exometabolome expanded from 2,317 molecular formulas at ½ODmax via 4,258 at ODmax to 4,501 at ODstat, with growth phase-specific subsets increasing in parallel. The present study provides insights into the distinct growth phase-dependent behavior of P. vulgatus during cultivation in bioreactors. This could serve as a valuable knowledge base for further developing P. vulgatus as a non-conventional platform organism for biotechnological applications. In addition, the findings shed new light on the potential growth phase-dependent imprints of P. vulgatus on the gut microbiome environment, e.g. by indicating interactions via quorum sensing and by unraveling the complex exometabolic background against which fermentation products and secondary metabolites are formed.","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Catabolic Network of Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1T.","authors":"Patrick Becker, Daniel Wünsch, Lars Wöhlbrand, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dietmar Schomburg, Ralf Rabus","doi":"10.1159/000534425","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The denitrifying betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1T is a facultative anaerobic degradation specialist and belongs to the environmental bacteria studied best on the proteogenomic level. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the anaerobic and aerobic degradation (to CO2) of 47 organic growth substrates (23 aromatic, 21 aliphatic, and 3 amino acids) as well as the modes of respiratory energy conservation (denitrification vs. O2-respiration). The constructed catabolic network is comprised of 256 genes, which occupy ∼7.5% of the coding regions of the genome. In total, 219 encoded proteins have been identified by differential proteomics, yielding a proteome coverage of ∼74% of the network. Its degradation section is composed of 31 peripheral and 4 central pathways, with several peripheral modules (e.g., for 4-ethylphenol, 2-phenylethylamine, indoleacetate, and phenylpropanoids) discovered only after the complete genome [Arch Microbiol. 2005 Jan;183(1):27-36] and a first proteomic survey [Proteomics. 2007 Jun;7(13):2222-39] of A. aromaticum EbN1T were reported. The activation of recalcitrant aromatic compounds involves a suite of biochemically intriguing reactions ranging from C-H-bond activation (e.g., ethylbenzene dehydrogenase) via carboxylation (e.g., acetophenone carboxylase) to oxidative deamination (e.g., benzylamine), reductive dearomatization (benzoyl-CoA), and epoxide-forming oxygenases (e.g., phenylacetyl-CoA). The peripheral reaction sequences are substrate-specifically induced, mediated by specific transcriptional regulators with in vivo response thresholds in the nanomolar range. While lipophilic substrates (e.g., phenolics) enter the cells via passive diffusion, polar ones require active uptake that is driven by specific transporters. Next to the protein repertoire for canonical complexes I-III, denitrification, and O2-respiration (low- and high-affinity oxidases), the genome encodes an Ndh-II, a tetrathionate reductase, two ETF:quinone oxidoreductases, and two Rnf-type complexes, broadening the electron transfer flexibility of the strain. Taken together, the detailed catabolic network presented here forms a solid basis for future systems biology-level studies with A. aromaticum EbN1T.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Characterization of a Chryseobacterium timonianum Strain with Aflatoxin B1 Removal Ability.","authors":"Aniket Limaye, Je-Ruei Liu","doi":"10.1159/000540803","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin found in animal feed and human food components. AFB1 contamination poses severe food safety and economic consequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used a coumarin-selective medium to isolate bacterial strains that can remove AFB1. Among the isolated bacterial strains, strain c4a exhibited the highest AFB1 removal activity. This strain was subjected to biochemical and phylogenetic characterization. The AFB1 removal activity of the extracellular supernatant of this strain was optimized for growth medium, reaction temperature, pH, and metal ions. The degradation products were analyzed using UPLC-ESI MS/MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strain c4a was found to be most closely related to Chryseobacterium timonianum. The extracellular supernatant of C. timonianum c4a grown in a modified nutrient broth (with gelatin peptone and beef extract in a 4:1 ratio) demonstrated the highest AFB1 removal activity when incubated with 1 ppm AFB1 at 60°C, pH 8, and Mn2+ or Mg2+ supplementation for 72 h. Surprisingly, the autoclaved extracellular supernatant also retained AFB1 removal activity. UPLC-ESI MS/MS analysis suggested that AFB1 was transformed into a metabolite (m/z value 285.08) by water molecule addition on furan ring double bond.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AFB1 removal activity of C. timonianum c4a was extracellular, constitutive, and highly thermostable, structurally transforming AFB1 into a much less toxic product. Herein, we present the first evidence of thermostable AFB1 removal activity of a strain belonging to C. timonianum.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Aerobic Succinate Transporter dctA of E. coli by cAMP-CRP, DcuS-DcuR, and EIIAGlc: Succinate as a Carbon Substrate and Signaling Molecule.","authors":"Christopher Schubert, Gottfried Unden","doi":"10.1159/000538095","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>C4-dicarboxylates (C4-DC) have emerged as significant growth substrates and signaling molecules for various Enterobacteriaceae during their colonization of mammalian hosts. Particularly noteworthy is the essential role of fumarate respiration during colonization of pathogenic bacteria. To investigate the regulation of aerobic C4-DC metabolism, the study explored the transcriptional control of the main aerobic C4-DC transporter, dctA, under different carbohydrate conditions. In addition, mutants related to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and C4-DC regulation (DcuS-DcuR) were examined to better understand the regulatory integration of aerobic C4-DC metabolism into CCR. For initial insight into posttranslational regulation, the interaction between the aerobic C4-DC transporter DctA and EIIAGlc from the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of dctA was characterized in the presence of various carbohydrates and regulatory mutants affecting CCR. This was accomplished by fusing the dctA promoter (PdctA) to the lacZ reporter gene. Additionally, the interaction between DctA and EIIAGlc of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system was examined in vivo using a bacterial two-hybrid system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dctA promoter region contains a class I cAMP-CRP-binding site at position -81.5 and a DcuR-binding site at position -105.5. DcuR, the response regulator of the C4-DC-activated DcuS-DcuR two-component system, and cAMP-CRP stimulate dctA expression. The expression of dctA is subject to the influence of various carbohydrates via cAMP-CRP, which differently modulate cAMP levels. Here we show that EIIAGlc of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system strongly interacts with DctA, potentially resulting in the exclusion of C4-DCs when preferred carbon substrates, such as sugars, are present. In contrast to the classical inducer exclusion known for lactose permease LacY, inhibition of C4-DC uptake into the cytoplasm affects only its role as a substrate, but not as an inducer since DcuS detects C4-DCs in the periplasmic space (\"substrate exclusion\"). The work shows an interplay between cAMP-CRP and the DcuS-DcuR regulatory system for the regulation of dctA at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights a hierarchical interplay between global (cAMP-CRP) and specific (DcuS-DcuR) regulation of dctA at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. The integration of global and specific transcriptional regulation of dctA, along with the influence of EIIAGlc on DctA, fine-tunes C4-DC catabolism in response to the availability of other preferred carbon sources. It attributes DctA a central role in the control of aerobic C4-DC catabolism and suggests a new role to EIIAGlc on transporters (control of substrate uptake by substrate exclusion).</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omics-Based Investigation on Mechanisms Controlling Cellular Internalization of Keratin Monomers during Biodegradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ.","authors":"Kai Xue, XiaoXiao Song, Wei Zhang, YunLong Zhang, Ting Chen, ZhangJun Cao, Feng Hong, XingQun Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000540072","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The global poultry industry produces millions of tons of waste feathers every year, which can be bio-degraded to make feed, fertilizer, and daily chemicals. However, feather bio-degradation is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. This results in low degradation efficiency and difficulty in industrial applications. Omics-driven system biology research offers an effective solution to quickly and comprehensively understand the molecularmechanisms involved in a metabolic pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the early stage of this process, feathers are hydrolyzed into water-soluble keratin monomers. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA-seq technology to analyze the genes involved in the internalization and degradation of keratin monomers in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ strain cells. Moreover, we used Co-IP with LC-MS/MS technology to search for proteins that interact with recombinant keratin monomers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We discovered TonB transports and molecular chaperones associating with the keratin monomer, which may play a crucial role in the transmembrane transport of keratin. Meanwhile, multiple proteases belonging to distinct families were identified as binding partners of keratin monomers, among which ATPases associated with diverse cellular activity (AAA+) family proteases are overrepresented. Four genes, including JJL50_15620, JJL50_17955 (TonB-dependent receptors), JJL50_03260 (ABC transporter ATP-binding protein), and JJL50_20035 (ABC transporter substrate-binding protein), were selected as representatives for determining their expressions under different culture conditions using qRT-PCR, and they were found to be upregulated in response to keratin degradation consistent with the data from RNA-seq and Co-IP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the complexity of keratin biodegradation in S. maltophilia DHHJ, in which multiple pathways are involved such as protein folding, protein transport, and several protease systems. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of feather degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting.","authors":"B Lakshmi Reddy, Vamsee S Reddy, Milton H Saier","doi":"10.1159/000540068","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose that intermittent fasting (time-restricted eating), in agreement with the conclusions of other biologists, as revealed in recent publications, promotes the achievement of numerous health benefits including the extension of human and animal lifespans. Background: There is evidence, obtained both with animal model systems and with humans, that intermittent fasting has health benefits. These benefits include extended longevity, weight loss, and counteracting various disease conditions. Such procedures positively influence the benefits of human tissue-specific microbiomes and minimize the consequences of organellar apoptosis. Key Messages: In this review, we attempt to summarize the predominant evidence, published in the scientific literature, relevant to the conclusions that in general, and in many specific instances, intermittent fasting has long-term benefits to animals, including humans, with respect to overall and specific organismal health and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}