Microbial Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Semi-Rational Design of CpNampt Mutants for Enhanced Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Yufei Zheng, Ting Luo, Zhangjun Cao, Zhiwei Huang, Feng Hong, Xingqun Zhang","doi":"10.1159/mip/adqag002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/mip/adqag002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) serves as a direct precursor of the essential cofactor NAD⁺, playing a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and delaying cellular aging. Synthetic biology, with its environmental and economic advantages, has become an important approach for the production of natural medicines, with the optimized design of metabolic pathways at its core. In this study, we focused on the NMN‑consuming pathway mediated by the nma1 and pof1 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and consequently generated their double‑knockout mutant, DHSX02. Futhermore, a highly efficient NMN phosphoribosyltransferase (CpNampt) derived from Chitinophaga pinensis was mutated via AI-assisted design and introduced into the DHSX02 strain to enhance NMN synthesis. The results showed that the NMN yield in the DHSX02 strain increased by 20.7% compared to the wild-type strain. After multiple rounds of optimization, the strains carrying the mutated CpNampt exhibited significantly enhanced NMN production, with the I229A mutant strain achieving a total yield of 60.64 mg/L in 12h, a 4.4-fold increase compared to the wild-type strain. This work demonstrates an effective synthetic biology strategy, combining metabolic engineering and AI-assisted enzyme design to construct an efficient microbial cell factory for green NMN production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anabolic Network of Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1T.","authors":"Patrick Becker, Julian Schumacher, Leonie Pfisterer, Aileen Renken, Max Vogelsang, Muriel Marie Seeliger, Michael Winklhofer, Dietmar Schomburg, Dieter Jahn, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Ralf Rabus","doi":"10.1159/mip/adqag001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/mip/adqag001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1T is a well-studied model for facultative anaerobic degradation specialists. Systems biology-level investigations increasingly require the implementation of genome-wide metabolic models, which in turn are based on an in-depth understanding of all encoded/used metabolic reactions, including biosyntheses. Here, we revisited the genome of A. aromaticum EbN1T, integrating the comprehensive proteomic datasets to reconstruct/update the anabolic network.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In total, A. aromaticum EbN1T devotes 11.6% of its genome's coding space for anabolic purposes, i.e., 485 predicted proteins, of which 348 (71.7% coverage) were identified by mass spectrometry. In detail, 116 proteins were assigned to central anabolism, sugars, and precursors, 111 to amino acid, 43 to nucleotide, 50 to fatty acid, membrane lipid and isoprenoid, and 165 to vitamin and cofactor syntheses. Genes related to individual anabolic pathways are often scattered across the chromosome (except for e.g. histidine or heme d1 biosynthesis). This contrasts the mostly operon-like gene arrangements in the case of the recently reported catabolic network of A. aromaticum EbN1T [Microb Physiol. 2024;1‒77].</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Taken together, the here described anabolic network in conjunction with the recently reported catabolic network facilitate future systems biology-level investigations of the environmental model bacterium A. aromaticum EbN1T.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Purification, and Stabilization of Phycocyanin: Optimizing Laboratory Processes and Expanding Industrial Applications.","authors":"Ai Hua Zhang, Zijie Zhao, Chengsong Wu, Bo Feng, Shafiqur Rahman, Daofeng Zhang, Wenjun Li, Wensheng Qin","doi":"10.1159/000553514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000553514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phycocyanin (PC), a vibrant blue accessory pigment-protein complex predominantly occurring in cyanobacteria, Rhodophyceae, and some cryptophytes, is a key nutritional component contributing to the commercial value of Spirulina as a food supplement. Beyond its nutritional value, PC has distinctive fluorescent properties and diverse physiological activities, giving it broad potential in food, cosmetics, and biomedicine.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This study discusses the factors restricting PC yield and comprehensively summarizes PC extraction and purification technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are compared, and its application prospects in laboratory and industrial production are explored. Natural deep eutectic solvents, which are solvent systems formed from naturally occurring cellular metabolites such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, offer safety, simple preparation, low cost, and promising prospects for PC purification compared with several conventional technologies. However, the application scope of PC remains limited by its poor stability and sensitivity to temperature, light, and pH. Therefore, this review also discusses the factors affecting PC stability, strategies for improving stability, and applications of PC in food, healthcare products, and related fields.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This comprehensive review and critical assessment of production, purification, and stabilization strategies provides valuable insights for advancing PC research and facilitating its broader, more sustainable utilization across diverse industrial sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Trans Effects of IS<italic>1</italic> Transposases on Intragenomic DNA Movements in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>.","authors":"Jack William Ord, Zhongge Zhang, Janie Wu, Sofia Smith, Zhenhao Feng, Keisha Ancheta, Luis Fernando Garrido, Ge Yao, Sahil Gupta, Ethan T Lee, Milton H Saier","doi":"10.1159/000549727","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The transposase protein, InsAB', is the key cytoplastic determinant that catalyzes IS1 movement within a single DNA molecule or between two DNA molecules. Regulation of InsAB' synthesis, its structural characteristics, and its potent cis effect on IS1 transposition have been subjects of thorough investigation. However, limited efforts have been devoted to measuring the levels of IS1 transcripts and transposases made by native IS1 elements and examining their trans-acting function, particularly concerning their role in transposing otherwise immobile IS1 elements and other target DNA segments within the bacterial genome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All constructs were made on the Escherichia coli chromosome using the lambda-Red system. IS1 transposition frequencies were determined using Bgl+ mutation assays, colony PCR and DNA sequencing. IS1 transcripts and transposases were quantitated using lacZ transcriptional and translational reporters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We first confirm that a native IS1 element, IS1E, can transpose at a dramatically elevated rate in the absence of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations. Using lacZ reporters targeting the transposase gene insAB', we reveal that the InsA repressor moderately reduces insAB' transcription by as much as 16.8-fold. However, the combined action of InsA and ribosomal frameshifting leads to a much stronger reduction in InsAB' production, by up to 735-fold. We show that only a small percentage (roughly 1.6%) of IS1 transcripts are successfully translated into InsAB', highlighting the primary role of post-transcriptional regulation over transcriptional repression in governing IS1 transposition. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that high levels of InsAB' exhibit a strong trans effect, being capable of efficiently transposing not only normally non-mobile IS1 elements but also a larger miniIS1 cassette within the genome, with greater amounts of InsAB' leading to higher frequencies of transposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By dissecting and quantitating the roles of transcriptional and translational controls in transposase production, our study reveals that post-transcriptional regulation via ribosomal frameshifting is the central mechanism governing IS1 intragenomic transposition. Our findings demonstrate that IS1 transposases function in trans, mediating the movement of DNA segments specifically bordered by its inverted repeat at the left end and right end sequences. These findings advance our comprehension of how IS elements mobilize within bacterial genomes and provide potential strategies to counter IS1-mediated antibiotic resistance in clinical bacterial isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145635375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics of Viral Genomes and Identification of Three Novel Viroporin-Like Superfamilies.","authors":"Jianing Wang, Kevin J Hendargo, Katie Jing Kay Lam, Dai Ngoc Trang Dao, Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb, Arturo Medrano-Soto, Milton H Saier","doi":"10.1159/000550112","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viroporins are small multifunctional proteins that modify cellular membranes facilitating processes such as viral nucleic acid entry and the release of virions from infected cells. We are interested in studying the evolutionary relationships among these proteins, in particular their organization into families and superfamilies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied a variety of computational strategies to perform comparative genomics analyses of 120 viral genomes, using the phylogenetic profile method. This allowed the identification of 12 families, organized into four functionally related groups. Additionally, we compiled a list of 40 families from the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) with viroporin-like attributes (i.e., length ≤300 aas, similar topologies, and/or documented viroporin activities). We then used TCDB as a reference to search for evidence of homology among families. Our well-established bioinformatic pipeline for inference of homology included (1) sequence similarity, (2) compatibility of topology and hydropathy profiles, (3) similarity of family-based HMM profiles, (4) shared motifs, and (5) conserved domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We were able to infer homology among 15 families, four of which (Vpu-C, p10 viroporin/GDU1, FAST, and R-FAST) expanded the established Influenza A/B Virus M2 Protein (M2) superfamily. The other families constituted three novel superfamilies: viroporin-1, consisting of three families (RVP10, NS3, and NSP4); viroporin-2, composed of two functionally linked families (SARS-VP and M-protein); and viroporin-3 composed of 3 functionally related families (viroporin E, IBV-E, and PRRSV).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of comparative genomics and remote homology identification strategies allowed the classification of homologous and functionally related viroporin-like families into superfamilies. These results will be useful in future functional, mechanistic, and evolutionary studies of viroporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"19-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12937198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> Proteases HP0087 and HP1037 Links HP0087 to Growth and Cell Length Defects.","authors":"Miroslaw Jarzab, Saruchi Wadhwa, Christian Daniel Ferner, Sebastian Diechler, Gernot Posselt, Silja Wessler","doi":"10.1159/000551544","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proteases have been identified as important factors in bacterial pathogenesis that assist in hostile niches and to modulate host-pathogen interactions. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) expresses a large number of proteases, of which only some have been characterized so far. The aminopeptidase HP1037 has previously been described as an active protease, while HP0087 still represents a hypothetical protease. Here, we investigated the proteases HP0087 and HP1037, providing initial insights into their proteolytic activities and physiological functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We cloned and purified HP0087 and HP1037, generated isogenic H. pylori knockout mutants and complementation strains. Recombinant proteins were used to investigate their proteolytic activities and to produce specific anti-HP1037 and anti-HP0087 antibodies. Bacterial morphology and real-time growth of isogenic H. pylori knockout and knock-in mutants were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy, STED microscopy, and plate reader assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to HP0087, which was detected as a monomer in a SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions, HP1037 formed oligomeric structures. We also identified proteolytic activities of HP0087 and HP1037 using the generic substrate FITC-casein. Finally, a generated H. pylori ΔHP0087 mutant displayed significantly impaired growth and a reduced bacterial cell length, whereas the H. pylori ΔHP1037 mutant did not show significant changes in the phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, we identified novel proteases expressed by H. pylori, one of which has an impact on bacterial proliferation and cell morphology, providing a basis for dissecting their roles in gastric colonization and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000548009","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hub Metabolites Promote the Bioflocculant Production in a Biomass-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonas boreopolis GO2.","authors":"Yijie Xu, Jiayin Feng, YuXuan Hu, Li Chen, Wensheng Qin, Chen Chen, Maocang Yan, Haipeng Guo","doi":"10.1159/000542892","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The low yield of bioflocculants has been a bottleneck problem that limits their industrial applications. Understanding the metabolic mechanism of bacteria that produce bioflocculants could provide valuable insights and strategies to directly regulate their yield in future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the change of metabolites in the process of bioflocculant production by a biomass-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas boreopolis GO2, an untargeted metabolome analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that metabolites significantly differed during the fermentation process when corn stover was used as the sole carbon source. The differential metabolites were divided into four co-expression modules based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Among them, a module (yellow module) was closely related to the flocculating efficiency, and the metabolites in this module were mainly involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The top 30 metabolites with the highest degree in the yellow module were identified as hub metabolites for bioflocculant production. Finally, 10 hub metabolites were selected to perform the additional experiments, and the addition of L-rhamnose, tyramine, tryptophan, and glutaric acid alone all could significantly improve the flocculating efficiency of GO2 strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicated that the hub metabolites were key for bioflocculant production in GO2 strain, and could help guide the improvement of high-efficiency and low-cost bioflocculant production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"_l-Xylulose Reductase A and B from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> Have Distinct Biochemical Properties and Expression Profiles.","authors":"Agata Terebieniec, Astrid Müller, Tania Chroumpi, Jiajia Li, Mao Peng, Miia R Mäkelä, Ronald P de Vries","doi":"10.1159/000547578","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: <sc>d</sc>-Xylose and <sc>l</sc>-arabinose are major components of plant biomass and as such also important carbon sources for most fungi and attractive compounds for biotechnology. Most fungi use the pentose catabolic pathway to convert these sugars through several redox reactions. One of the steps in this pathway is the conversion of <sc>l</sc>-xylulose to xylitol, catalyzed by <sc>l</sc>-xylulose reductase (LXR). Genetic studies in Aspergillus niger revealed the involvement of two LXR-encoding genes, lxrA and lxrB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LxrA and LxrB were heterologously produced and then purified. We analyzed their substrate specificities and enzyme kinetics and compared this to the expression profiles of the corresponding genes. We also explored the possibility of additional enzymes with LXR activity in A. niger and the conservation of LXR-encoding genes in other fungi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LxrA and LxrB showed significant differences in substrate specificity and kinetics. Evaluation of these genes and their homologs from A. niger and selected other fungi revealed high diversity at the level of number of homologs per species, phylogenetic relationship and expression profiles, suggesting species-specific adaptations in fungal sugar metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study not only provides more detailed insights into an ecologically and biotechnologically important fungal metabolic pathway, but also demonstrates the high diversity of sugar metabolism in fungi. This is especially relevant when knowledge from one species is transferred to another, e.g., for the engineering of fungal cell factories. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Y-Complex Architecture Revisited: Super-Resolution Microscopy to Investigate Differences in Membrane Localization for Components in Y-Complex.","authors":"Maximilian Greger, Paul Klemm, Felix Dempwolff, Marcus Lechner, Rebecca Hinrichs","doi":"10.1159/000547664","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: A key factor for the survival of an organism in its habitat is its ability to quickly adapt to changes in its environment on the protein level. One fast and efficient mechanism to influence protein abundance is the regulation of mRNA stability by ribonucleases. In the prokaryotic model organism Bacillus subtilis, the membrane-anchored RNase Y performs a crucial regulatory role by degrading and maturating mRNA. Previous studies have shown that RNase Y acts in concert with three proteins forming the Y-complex. In addition to its role as specificity factor for RNase Y, ribonuclease-independent functions have been proposed for the Y-complex during natural competence, biofilm formation, as well as sporulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In previous work, using single-molecule tracking, we showed that the Y-complex is highly dynamic and present in multiple compositions in vivo. Using biochemical analysis, recruitment of the Y-complex to RNase Y was shown to be mediated by YaaT, whereas YlbF and YmcA did not display any direct interactions. Here we employ 3D-structured illumination microscopy (SIM) super resolution and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) to further characterize RNase Y/Y-complex localizations and interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By visualizing the Y-complex proteins and RNase Y using SIM, we provide additional evidence that YaaT localizes differently than YmcA and YlbF, in that the fraction of YaaT is localized membrane-proximal appears to be higher than the one observed for YmcA and YlbF. We also show that the strength of YaaT membrane association is culture medium dependent. Evidence for membrane-proximal interaction of the Y-complex proteins with RNase Y is provided through the use of BiFC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, our data support a model where the Y-complex is exclusively tethered to RNase Y by YaaT and where the composition of the Y-complex is fluctuating potentially in a function-dependent manner. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18457,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}