Metal-Based Drugs最新文献

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Mutagenic Tests Confirm That New Acetylacetonate Pt(II) Complexes Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Interacting with Nongenomic Biological Targets. 突变试验证实新型乙酰丙酮铂(II)配合物能与非基因组生物靶点相互作用,诱导癌细胞凋亡。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-04-10 DOI: 10.1155/2011/763436
Sandra Angelica De Pascali, Federica Lugoli, Antonella De Donno, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
{"title":"Mutagenic Tests Confirm That New Acetylacetonate Pt(II) Complexes Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Interacting with Nongenomic Biological Targets.","authors":"Sandra Angelica De Pascali, Federica Lugoli, Antonella De Donno, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi","doi":"10.1155/2011/763436","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2011/763436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New platinum(II) complexes [PtCl(O,O'-acac)(L)] (1) and [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(L)] (2) (L = DMSO, a; DMS, b) containing a single chelated (O,O'-acac) (1), or one chelated and one σ-bonded (γ-acac) acetylacetonate (2) have been synthesized. The new Pt(II) complexes exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity on cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines and showed negligible reactivity with nucleobases (Guo and 5'-GMP) but selective substitution of DMSO/DMS with soft biological nucleophiles, such as L-methionine. In order to assess the ability of the new complexes with respect to cisplatin to induce apoptosis by interaction with nongenomic targets, the Ames' test, a standard reverse mutation assay, was carried out on two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100). Interestingly, the new complexes did not show the well-known mutagenic activity exhibited by cisplatin and are, therefore, able to activate apoptotic pathways without interacting with DNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2011 ","pages":"763436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30034203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypersensitivity reactions associated with platinum antineoplastic agents: a systematic review. 与铂类抗肿瘤药物相关的超敏反应:系统综述。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-09-20 DOI: 10.1155/2010/207084
Nektaria Makrilia, Ekaterini Syrigou, Ioannis Kaklamanos, Leonidas Manolopoulos, Muhammad Wasif Saif
{"title":"Hypersensitivity reactions associated with platinum antineoplastic agents: a systematic review.","authors":"Nektaria Makrilia,&nbsp;Ekaterini Syrigou,&nbsp;Ioannis Kaklamanos,&nbsp;Leonidas Manolopoulos,&nbsp;Muhammad Wasif Saif","doi":"10.1155/2010/207084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/207084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platinum-containing chemotherapy agents (cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin) have been approved in the first-line setting of numerous malignancies, such as ovarian, bladder, head and neck, colorectal, and lung cancer. Their extensive use over the last decade has led to a significant increase in the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions, which are defined as unforeseen reactions whose signs and symptoms cannot be explained by the known toxicity of these drugs. Skin rash, flushing, abdominal cramping, itchy palms, and back pain are common symptoms. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications can prove fatal. Multiple pathogenetic mechanisms have been suggested. Hypersensitivity usually appears after multiple infusions, suggesting type I allergic reactions; however, other types of hypersensitivity also seem to be implicated. Several management options are available to treating physicians: discontinuation of chemotherapy, premedication, prolonging of infusion duration, desensitization protocols, and replacement with a different platinum compound after performing skin tests that rule out cross-reactions among platinum agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/207084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29316487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 173
Cytotoxic properties of titanocenyl amides on breast cancer cell line mcf-7. 钛辛烯基酰胺对乳腺癌细胞系mcf-7的细胞毒性。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-05-04 DOI: 10.1155/2010/286298
Li Ming Gao, Enrique Meléndez
{"title":"Cytotoxic properties of titanocenyl amides on breast cancer cell line mcf-7.","authors":"Li Ming Gao,&nbsp;Enrique Meléndez","doi":"10.1155/2010/286298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/286298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new titanocenyl amide containing flavone as pendant group has been synthesized by reaction of titanocenyl carboxylic acid chloride and 7-Aminoflavone and structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods. This species and eight previously synthesized titanocenyl amide complexes have been tested in breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line, MCF-7. The functionalization of titanocene dichloride with amides enhances the cytotoxic activity in MCF-7. Two sets of titanocenyl amides can be identified, with IC(50) <100 muM and IC(50)>100 muM. The most cytotoxic species is Cp(CpCO-NH-C(6)H(4)-(CH(2))(2)CH(3))TiCl(2) with an IC(50) of 24(2) muM, followed by Cp(CpCO-NH-C(6)H(4)-Br)TiCl(2), IC(50) of 46(4) muM and Cp(CpCO-NH-C(6)H(4)-OCF(3))TiCl(2), IC(50) of 49(6) muM. There is no correlation between the nature of the para substituent on the phenyl ring and the cytotoxic properties on MCF-7 cell line.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2010 ","pages":"286298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/286298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28976061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Regulation of Cisplatin cytotoxicity by cu influx transporters. 铜内流转运体对顺铂细胞毒性的调控。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-01-09 DOI: 10.1155/2010/317581
Paolo Abada, Stephen B Howell
{"title":"Regulation of Cisplatin cytotoxicity by cu influx transporters.","authors":"Paolo Abada,&nbsp;Stephen B Howell","doi":"10.1155/2010/317581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/317581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platinum drugs are an important class of cancer chemotherapeutics. However, the use of these drugs is limited by the development of resistance during treatment with decreased accumulation being a common mechanism. Both Cu transporters CTR1 and CTR2 influence the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Although it is structurally similar to CTR1, CTR2 functions in a manner opposite to that of CTR1 with respect to Pt drug uptake. Whereas knockout of CTR1 reduces Pt drug uptake, knockdown of CTR2 enhances cisplatin uptake and cytotoxicity. CTR2 is subject to transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation by both Cu and cisplatin; this regulation is partly dependent on the Cu chaperone ATOX1. Insight into the mechanisms by which CTR1 and CTR2 regulate sensitivity to the Pt-containing drugs has served as the basis for novel pharmacologic strategies for improving their efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2010 ","pages":"317581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/317581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29631958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Role of glutathione in the regulation of Cisplatin resistance in cancer chemotherapy. 谷胱甘肽在肿瘤化疗顺铂耐药调控中的作用。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-09-14 DOI: 10.1155/2010/430939
Helen H W Chen, Macus Tien Kuo
{"title":"Role of glutathione in the regulation of Cisplatin resistance in cancer chemotherapy.","authors":"Helen H W Chen,&nbsp;Macus Tien Kuo","doi":"10.1155/2010/430939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/430939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three mechanisms have been proposed for the role of glutathione (GSH) in regulating cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivities that affects its ultimate cell-killing ability: (i) GSH may serve as a cofactor in facilitating multidrug resistance protein 2- (MRP2-) mediated CDDP efflux in mammalian cells, since MRP2-transfected cells were shown to confer CDDP resistance; (ii) GSH may serve as a redox-regulating cytoprotector based on the observations that many CDDP-resistant cells overexpress GSH and γ-glutamylcysteine synthesis (γ-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis; (iii) GSH may function as a copper (Cu) chelator. Elevated GSH expression depletes the cellular bioavailable Cu pool, resulting in upregulation of the high-affinity Cu transporter (hCtr1) which is also a CDDP transporter. This has been demonstrated that overexpression of GSH by transfection with γ-GCS conferred sensitization to CDDP toxicity. This review describes how these three models were developed and critically reviews their importance to overall CDDP cytotoxicity in cancer cell treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/430939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29315592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 220
In Vitro Evaluation of Oxoplatin: An Oral Platinum(IV) Anticancer Agent. 奥克斯铂:口服铂(IV)抗癌剂的体外评价。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-06-30 DOI: 10.1155/2009/348916
Ulrike Olszewski, Florian Ach, Ernst Ulsperger, Gerhard Baumgartner, Robert Zeillinger, Patrick Bednarski, Gerhard Hamilton
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Oxoplatin: An Oral Platinum(IV) Anticancer Agent.","authors":"Ulrike Olszewski,&nbsp;Florian Ach,&nbsp;Ernst Ulsperger,&nbsp;Gerhard Baumgartner,&nbsp;Robert Zeillinger,&nbsp;Patrick Bednarski,&nbsp;Gerhard Hamilton","doi":"10.1155/2009/348916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/348916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platinum(IV) compounds like oxoplatin (cis, cis, trans-diammine-dichlorido-dihydroxido-platinum(IV)) show increased stability and therefore can be applied orally. In a panel of 38 human cancer cell lines this drug induced S-phase arrest and cell death with IC(50) values 2.5-fold higher than cisplatin. Oxoplatin may be converted to cisplatin by intracellular reducing agents, however, exposure to 0.1 M HCl mimicking gastric acid yielded cis-diammine-tetrachlorido-platinum(IV) exhibiting twofold increased activity. Similar results were obtained for another platinum(IV) compound, JM 149 (ammine-dichlorido-(cyclohexylamine)-dihydroxido-platinum(IV)), but not for its parent drug JM 216/satraplatin. Genome-wide expression profiling of H526 small cell lung cancer cells treated with these platinum species revealed clear differences in the expression pattern of affected genes between oxoplatin and cisplatin. In conclusion, oxoplatin constitutes a potent oral agent that is either reduced or converted to distinct active compounds, for example, by gastric acid or acidic areas prevailing in solid tumors, in dependence of the respective pharmaceutical formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2009 ","pages":"348916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2009/348916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28293796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and cytotoxic properties of ferrocenyl ester derivatives. 二茂铁酯衍生物的合成、结构、电化学和细胞毒性。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-03-24 DOI: 10.1155/2009/420784
Li Ming Gao, Ramón Hernández, Jaime Matta, Enrique Meléndez
{"title":"Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and cytotoxic properties of ferrocenyl ester derivatives.","authors":"Li Ming Gao,&nbsp;Ramón Hernández,&nbsp;Jaime Matta,&nbsp;Enrique Meléndez","doi":"10.1155/2009/420784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/420784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of ferrocenyl ester complexes, varying the lipophilic character of the pendant groups, was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The syntheses of Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(3))(2), Fe(CpCOOCH(3)) (CpCOO CH(2)CH(3)), and Fe(CpCOOCH(2)CH(3))(2) are reported. The solid-state structure of Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(3))(2) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(3))(2) has the cyclopentadienyl rings virtually in an eclipsed conformation with the pendant groups not completely opposite to each other. Cyclic voltammetry characterization showed that the functionalized ferrocenes oxidize at potentials, E(pa), higher than ferrocene as a result of the electro withdrawing effect of the pendant groups on the cyclopentadienyl ligand. The cytotoxicities of Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH)(2), Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(2)CH=CH(2))(2), Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(3))(2), Fe(CpCOOCH(3))(CpCOOCH(2)CH(3)), and Fe(CpCOOCH(2)CH(3))(2) in colon cancer HT-29 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines were measured by the MTT biological viability assay and compared to ferrocene and ferrocenium. Fe(C(5)H(4)CO(2)CH(2)CH=CH(2))(2) showed the best IC(50) values, 180(10) muM for HT-29 and 190(30) muM for MCF-7 cell lines, with cytotoxicities similar to ferrocenium. The cytotoxic data suggest that as we increase the lipophilic character of the functionalized ferrocene, the cytotoxicity improves approaching to the cytotoxic activity of ferrocenium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2009 ","pages":"420784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2009/420784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28076020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Inhibitory Effects of the Ruthenium Complex KP1019 in Models of Mammary Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. 钌复合物 KP1019 在乳腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭模型中的抑制作用
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-09-17 DOI: 10.1155/2009/681270
A Bergamo, A Masi, M A Jakupec, B K Keppler, G Sava
{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of the Ruthenium Complex KP1019 in Models of Mammary Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion.","authors":"A Bergamo, A Masi, M A Jakupec, B K Keppler, G Sava","doi":"10.1155/2009/681270","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2009/681270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019, or FFC14A), the second ruthenium compound that entered clinical trials, in an in vitro model of tumour invasion and metastasis show that the antitumour effects of this compound might include also the modulation of cell behaviour although its cytotoxicity appears to be predominant over these effects. The comparison with its imidazole analogue KP418 shows however its superiority, being able to control in vitro cell growth and in some instances also in vivo tumour development. These results suggest that the activity of KP1019 is predominantly due to direct cytotoxic effects for tumour cells, evident also in vivo on primary tumour growth and that the effects on modulation of the biological behaviour of the cancer cell can be present but might have only a partial role.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":" ","pages":"681270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40044098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of Novel Amphiphilic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines Bearing Oxyethylene-Rich Substituents. 新型富氧乙烯取代基两亲性酞菁锌的合成、表征及体外光动力学活性研究。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2008/284691
Jian-Yong Liu, Xiong-Jie Jiang, Wing-Ping Fong, Dennis K P Ng
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of Novel Amphiphilic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines Bearing Oxyethylene-Rich Substituents.","authors":"Jian-Yong Liu,&nbsp;Xiong-Jie Jiang,&nbsp;Wing-Ping Fong,&nbsp;Dennis K P Ng","doi":"10.1155/2008/284691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/284691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three novel zinc(II) phthalocyanines substituted with one or two 3,4,5-tris(3,6,9-trioxadecoxy)benzoxy group(s) have been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. These compounds are highly soluble and remain nonaggregated in N,N-dimethylformamide. Upon excitation, they exhibit a relatively weak fluorescence emission and high efficiency to generate singlet oxygen compared with the unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine. These amphiphilic photosensitizers formulated with Cremophor EL are highly photocytotoxic against HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. The mono-alpha-substituted analogue 4 is particularly potent with IC50 values as low as 0.02 muM. The higher photodynamic activity of this compound can be attributed to its lower aggregation tendency in the culture media as shown by absorption spectroscopy and higher cellular uptake as suggested by the stronger intracellular fluorescence, resulting in a higher efficiency to generate reactive oxygen species inside the cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2008 ","pages":"284691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2008/284691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9367103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Photodynamic therapy and the development of metal-based photosensitisers. 光动力疗法与金属基光敏剂的发展。
Metal-Based Drugs Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2008/276109
Leanne B Josefsen, Ross W Boyle
{"title":"Photodynamic therapy and the development of metal-based photosensitisers.","authors":"Leanne B Josefsen,&nbsp;Ross W Boyle","doi":"10.1155/2008/276109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/276109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has been used in the successful treatment of a number of diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), psoriasis, and certain cancers. PDT uses a combination of a selectively localised light-sensitive drug (known as a photosensitiser) and light of an appropriate wavelength. The light-activated form of the drug reacts with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals; in a biological environment these toxic species can interact with cellular constituents causing biochemical disruption to the cell. If the homeostasis of the cell is altered significantly then the cell enters the process of cell death. The first photosensitiser to gain regulatory approval for clinical PDT was Photofrin. Unfortunately, Photofrin has a number of associated disadvantages, particularly pro-longed patient photosensitivity. To try and overcome these disadvantages second and third generation photosensitisers have been developed and investigated. This Review highlights the key photosensitisers investigated, with particular attention paid to the metallated and non-metallated cyclic tetrapyrrolic derivatives that have been studied in vitro and in vivo; those which have entered clinical trials; and those that are currently in use in the clinic for PDT.</p>","PeriodicalId":18452,"journal":{"name":"Metal-Based Drugs","volume":"2008 ","pages":"276109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2008/276109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 405
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