Metrologia最新文献

{"title":"On the distinction between SI base units and SI derived units","authors":"Richard J. C. Brown","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad141b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad141b","url":null,"abstract":"This letter discusses the criteria that should be considered when deciding whether or not the distinction between base units and derived units in the International System of Units (SI) is useful, a debate that has been reignited following the 2019 revision of the SI. It is proposed that the correct question to ask is whether the concept of independent quantities, and the dimensional analysis it allows, remains useful—since that is the ultimate origin of the distinction between SI base units and SI derived units. Furthermore, the letter explains that this distinction is not related to whether the defining constants used in the revised SI after 2019 are any more fundamental than they were previously, nor whether the links between defining constants and SI base units are any less direct than they were prior to 2019. Finally, an opinion is offered that the concept of quantity dimensions and dimensional analysis remains useful, and certainly does no harm.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-taper-based automatic correction of non-anechoic antenna measurements","authors":"Mariusz Dzwonkowski, Vorya Waladi, Adrian Bekasiewicz","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad10bd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad10bd","url":null,"abstract":"Prototype measurements belong to the key steps in the development of antenna structures. Although accurate validation of their far-field performance can be realized in dedicated facilities, such as anechoic chambers, the high cost of their construction and maintenance might not be justified if the main goal of measurements is to support teaching or low-budget research. Instead, they can be performed in non-anechoic conditions and then refined using appropriate correction algorithms. Unfortunately, the existing post-processing methods suffer from multiple challenges that include manual setup of parameters as well as validation of performance in idealized conditions. In this communication, a multi-taper-based framework for correction of antenna characteristics obtained in non-anechoic environments has been proposed. The algorithm augments one-shot measurements of the structure under test in order to extract the line-of-sight responses while attenuating the interferences pertinent to multi-path propagation and noise from external sources of radiation. The performance of the proposed correction routine has been demonstrated in two test sites using a geometrically small Vivaldi radiator and validated against state-of-the-art techniques from the literature. The uncertainty budget for the measurements performed using the approach amounts to 0.26 dB, which is low given challenging propagation conditions considered for experiments.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of laser-pumped Cs-4He atomic magnetometer","authors":"Hao Liu, Jia Kong, Jiqing Fu, Shuirui Yang, Xiaoming Lu, Xiaoguang Wang","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1339","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In principle, laser-pumped Cs-4He magnetometers can take advantage of the high sensitivity of optically pumped magnetometers and the high accuracy of proton magnetometers. However, insufficient experimental studies have been conducted on the optimization conditions and physics of this type of magnetometer. In this study, we investigate the experimental performance of a laser-pumped Cs-4He magnetometer by optimizing the sensitivity of the excitation pulse settings. We report some dependence relationships that have not been previously reported. The optimal settings under the obtainable experimental conditions in our lab are 34 ℃ for temperature, 10 μs for pulse duration, and 67 V and 2.2 V for high- and low-level voltages, respectively, which provide a sensitivity of 26 pT/√Hz within a frequency of 0.08-0.2 Hz. This study provides a solid reference for further improving the Cs-4He magnetometer, offers the possibility of measuring physical constants more accurately, and provides a deeper understanding of plasma interaction processes.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International comparison EURAMET.QM-K3.2019 - automotive exhaust gases","authors":"Ruben P Ziel, E Zalewska, Adriaan M H van der Veen, Heinrich Kipphardt, Dirk Tuma, Andres Rojo Esteban, Teresa E Fernández Vicente, Tatiana Macé, Christophe Sutour, Fabrice Marioni, Judit Fükő, László Szűcs, Tamás Büki, Zsófia Nagyné Szilágyi, Dariusz Cieciora, Grzegorz Ochman, Przemysław Romanowski, Anna Lis, Magdalena Garnuszek, Miroslava Valkova, Andreas Ackermann, Celine Pascale, Bernhard Niederhauser, Tanıl Tarhan, Aylin Boztepe, Jan Beránek, Miroslav Bárta","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08030","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>EURAMET.QM-K3.2019 was a repeat of the key comparison EURAMET.QM-K3 on the composition of automotive exhaust gases. New in EURAMET.QM-K3.2019 was the addition of the amount fraction oxygen to the programme. The key comparison reference values were obtained independently, using static gravimetry and appropriate corrections from purity analysis and are linked to those of CCQM-K3.2019. The key comparison results show equivalence between the measurement standards maintained by the participating national metrology institutes. The demonstrated equivalence can be used to underpin services related to automotive exhaust gases as well as generically through the flexible scheme (\"track A\")To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/euramet-qm-k3-2019\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final report on APMP.EM-K2 key comparison of resistance standards at 10 MΩ and 1 GΩ","authors":"Kwang Min Yu, Wan Seop Kim","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/01013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/01013","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>In order to link the National Metrology Institutes (NMI) organized in Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) to the key comparison CCEM-K2, APMP.EM-K2 key comparison was piloted by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), beginning in July 2010 and completed July 2014 with the participation of 13 National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The results of this key comparison for 10 MΩ and 1 GΩ standards indicate good agreement among the 13 participating NMIs despite the long comparison period. Agreement is well within the level of confidence of 95%.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/apmp-em-k2\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 22Na to include the 2022 result of the NMISA (South Africa)","authors":"Romain Coulon, Carine Michotte, Sammy Courte, Manuel Nonis, Milton W Van Rooy, Joline Lubbe, Martin J van Staden","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/06024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/06024","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>Since 1976, 13 laboratories have submitted 30 samples of ²²Na to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22. Recently, the NMISA (South Africa) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/bipm-ri-ii-k1-na-22-nmisa_2022\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final report for CCQM-P212: coherence of carbon isotope delta reference materials","authors":"Michelle M G Chartrand, Fong-Ha Liu, Jeffrey P Merrick, Maíra Fasciotti, Bruno Carius Garrido, Eliane Cristina Pires do Rego, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Wagner Wollinger, Heiko Moossen, Heike Geilmann, Ian Chubchenko, Anna Kolobova, Nives Ogrinc, Doris Potočnik, Philip J H Dunn, Heidi Goenaga-Infante, Sarah Hill, Dmitriy Malinovsky, Zoltán Mester, Juris Meija","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08028","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>This pilot study evaluates the coherence of carbon isotope delta reference materials (RMs) used by laboratories worldwide. The goal was to assess how well laboratories can realize the VPDB scale using these RMs. In total, carbon isotope delta values of 36 RMs were measured by seven laboratories as well as the vanillin sample previously evaluated in CCQM-K167/P211. A hierarchical Bayesian measurement model was used to evaluate the coherence between these RMs, and to determine the carbon isotope delta value of each of these RMs. In general, this study shows that the 36 carbon isotope delta RMs are reliable. Further, the value assigned to the vanillin sample in this study is within 0.02 ‰ from the CCQM-K167 KCRV.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/ccqm-p212\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementary comparison SIM.QM-S06 - automotive exhaust gases (CO, CO2, C3H8)","authors":"Cristiane R A C Iglesias, Andreia L Fioravante, Claudia C Ribeiro, Viviane F Mello, Rocio C T Zambrano, Steve A Acco García, Florencia Almirón","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08031","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>Supplementary comparison of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and propane in nitrogen (model 1).To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/sim-qm-s6\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final report of CCQM-P225a and b, international comparison on carbon dioxide in air and nitrogen at ambient levels (350 μmol/mol to 800 μmol/mol)","authors":"J Viallon, T Choteau, P Moussay, R I Wielgosz, A M H van der Veen, Z Bi, A Crotwell, B Hall, E Mussel Webber, R Hill−Pearce, P Brewer, D Worton, T Macé, C Sutour","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08029","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>The pilot studies CCQM-P225a and b aimed at validating the performance of the <italic toggle=\"yes\">pVT</italic>−CO₂ manometric reference facility maintained at the BIPM as a reference for the planned ongoing comparisons BIPM.QM-K2a and b for CO₂ in air and nitrogen standards, respectively, over the range 350 μmol mol⁻¹ to 800 μmol mol⁻¹. The planned launch date of the BIPM.QM-K2a and b comparisons is 2024 and will enable NMIs and DIs to have access to on-demand comparisons for their CO2 in air and nitrogen standards over the range 350 μmol mol⁻¹ to 800 μmol mol⁻¹.The pilot studies supplemented the validation activities on the BIPM reference facility already reported in CCQM-P188, and ongoing validation studies against NIST, NOAA and VSL gas standards. A description of the BIPM facility performance will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal in 2023, with a full uncertainty analysis showing that it can operate with a standard uncertainty of 0.1 μmol mol⁻¹ over the amount fraction range of the comparison (Viallon et al 2023b).The comparison was organised using a sufficient number of independent standards, to demonstrate the performance of the BIPM system, whilst limiting the duration of the pilot study, allowing the key comparison to start as planned in 2024. Following discussions at the 44th GAWG meeting it was decided that comparisons with 3 independent standards at 3 nominal amount fraction values (380, 480 and 800 μmol mol⁻¹) in the two matrices (air and nitrogen) would be sufficient.Results presented in this report show a good agreement between values assigned by participants and those measured at the BIPM, over the entire range of the comparison and for both matrices (air and nitrogen). The BIPM pVT−CO2 facility is ready to act as reference facility for the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM−K2.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/ccqm-p225\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COOMET regional comparison of the national standards of air kerma for x-radiation qualities used for radiation protection and diagnostic radiology (COOMET.RI(I)-S3)","authors":"Siarhei Saroka, Gonzalo Walwyn Salas, Efimia Luchian, Ludwig Büermann, Alexandr Oborin, Simon Sukhishvili, Paula Toroi, Elmar Shahverdiyev, Andrey Orobinski, Nasir Mamyrbek","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/06025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/06025","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>The results of the COOMET supplementary comparison of the national measurement standards of air kerma for x-radiation qualities used for radiation protection and diagnostic radiology are presented. Nine National Metrology Institutes from the COOMET organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency participated in this COOMET project no.641. The BelGIM acted as a pilot laboratory. The comparison reference value (CRV) was obtained as the mean result of the PTB and the VNIIM. Almost all participants obtained valid results which were consistent within the relative standard uncertainties of the comparison ranging from 0.28% to 2.6%. Some participants had unacceptable results.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/coomet-ri-i-s3\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}