Mediators of Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Thyroid Function in U.S. Adults.","authors":"Xin-Yu Hu, Ying-Chao Liang, Huan-Huan Zhang, Hui-Lin Li, De-Liang Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/5831858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5831858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is used as an indicator of prognosis for a wide range of diseases. Thyroid function has been found to be strongly associated with inflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the correlation between SII and various thyroid functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. The association between SII and thyroid function was analyzed using weighted univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were also employed to test this correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6,875 participants (age ≥ 20 years), the mean age was 46.87 ± 0.40 years. The adjusted model showed that lnSII was negatively correlated with FT3 (<i>β</i> = -0.0559, 95% CI -0.1060 to -0.0059,) and FT3/FT4 (<i>β</i> = -0.0920, 95% CI -0.1667 to -0.0173,). There was a positive correlation between lnSII and TT4 (<i>β</i> = 0.1499, 95% CI 0.0722-0.2276,). In subgroup analyses, lnSII still independently affected a wide range of thyroid functions. Weighted RCS analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between FT3 and lnSII.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Close relationships exist between SII and a variety of thyroid functions. SII can be used as an indicator to predict thyroid dysfunction. Control of inflammatory activity may be a protective measure against thyroid dysfunction. More large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further explore the correlation between SII and thyroid function and the role of obesity in this.</p>","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5831858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Analysis of Clinical and Bioinformatics Databases to Reveal the Role of Peripheral Innate Immunity in Kawasaki Disease","authors":"Hongjun Ba, Lili Zhang, Huimin Peng, Jixun Lin, Youzhen Qin, Yao Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/6699050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6699050","url":null,"abstract":"Kawasaki disease (KD) is an immune-response disorder with unknown etiology. KD is an acute systemic immune vasculitis caused by infectious factors that can be complicated by coronary artery lesions. Innate immune cells are closely associated with KD onset, but we know little regarding the expression of immunity-related genes (IRGs) and the possible immune regulatory mechanisms involved in KD. In this study, we analyzed public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and microarray data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal controls and KD patients. The results of scRNA-seq revealed myeloid cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, erythrocytes, platelets, plasma cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with KD. In particular, myeloid cells were expanded and heterogeneous. Further analysis of the myeloid cell population revealed that monocytes in KD exhibited higher expression of the inflammatory genes S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12; furthermore, CD14+CD16+ monocyte clusters were associated with inflammatory responses. Microarray data revealed that activation of the innate immune response contributed to KD development and progression. Differential expression and weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified 48 differentially expressed IRGs associated with response to intravenous immunoglobulin, currently the most effective treatment of KD, although numerous patients are resistant. Protein–protein interaction analysis identified ten hub genes (IL1R1, SOCS3, IL1R2, TLR8, IL1RN, CCR1, IL1B, IL4R, IL10RB, and IFNGR1) among the IRGs. In addition, the expressions of IL1R1, SOCS3, CCR1, IL1B, and IL10RB were validated in Chinese KD patients using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we found that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio could be used as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin in KD. In conclusion, our data highlight the importance of innate immunity in KD pathogenesis and its potential in predicting treatment response.","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of m5C RNA Modification-Related Genes to Prognosis and Immunotherapy Prediction in Patients with Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Yibin Liu, Shouze Liu, Lu Yan, Qianqian Zhang, Wenhua Liu, Xianghua Huang, Shikai Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/1400267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1400267","url":null,"abstract":"Background. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification is closely implicated in the occurrence of a variety of cancers. Here, we established a novel prognostic signature for ovarian cancer (OC) patients based on m5C RNA modification-related genes and explored the correlation between these genes with the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods. Methylated-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing helped us to identify candidate genes related to m5C RNA modification at first. Based on TCGA database, we screened the differentially expressed candidate genes related to the prognosis and constructed a prognostic model using LASSO Cox regression analyses. Notably, the accuracy of the model was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and receiver operator characteristic curves. Independent prognostic risk factors were investigated by Cox proportional hazard model. Furthermore, we also analyzed the biological functions and pathways involved in the signature. Finally, the immune response of the model was visualized in great detail. Results. Totally, 2,493 candidate genes proved to be involved in m5C modification of RNA for OC. We developed a signature with prognostic value consisting of six m5C RNA modification-related genes. Specially, samples have been split into two cohorts with low- and high-risk scores according to the model, in which the low-risk OC patients exhibited dramatically better overall survival time than those with high-risk scores. Besides, not only was this model a prognostic factor independent of other clinical characteristics but it predicted the intensity of the immune response in OC. Significantly, the accuracy and availability of the signature were verified by ICGC database. Conclusions. Our study bridged the gap between m5C RNA modification and the prognosis of OC and was expected to provide an effective breakthrough for immunotherapy in OC patients.","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"53 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San Treatment Alleviated Mild Cognitive Impairment through Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Mechanisms in SAMP8 Mice.","authors":"Xiaolu Zhang, Yingxin Sun, Qun Yu, Wenyun Zeng, Yue Zhang, Miao Zeng, Kexin Pang, Yifei Yu, Jiali Gan, Huhu Li, Lin Yang, Xijuan Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2023/7807302","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7807302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alleviating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San (JWKXS) is applied for treating AD with MCI. However, the mechanism of JWKXS in the treatment of MCI is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of JWKXS in SAMP8 mice models of MCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MCI models were established to examine learning and memory ability and explore the pathomechanisms in brain of SAMP8 mice at 4, 6, and 8 months. The mice were treated for 8 weeks and the effects of JWKXS on MCI were characterized through Morris water maze and HE/Nissl's/immunohistochemical staining. Its mechanism was predicted by the combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and system pharmacology analysis, further verified with SAMP8 mice, BV2 microglial cells, and PC12 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that 4-month-old SAMP8 mice exhibited MCI. Two months of JWKXS treatment improved the learning and memory ability, alleviated the hippocampal tissue and neuron damage. Through network pharmacology, four key signaling pathways were found to be involved in treatment of MCI by JWKXS, including TLR4/NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that JWKXS attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia activation, suppressing TLR4/NF-<i>κ</i>B and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, and blocking the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways leading to neuronal apoptosis suppression in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>JWKXS treatment improved the learning and memory ability and conferred neuroprotective effects against MCI by inducing anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis. <i>Limitations</i>. The small sample size and short duration of the intervention limit in-depth investigation of the mechanisms. <i>Future Prospects</i>. This provides a direction for further clarification of the anti-AD mechanism, and provides certain data support for the formulation to move toward clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7807302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89718864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RhoA Promotes Synovial Proliferation and Bone Erosion in Rheumatoid Arthritis through Wnt/PCP Pathway","authors":"Ning Chen, Chao-Yue Diao, Xin Huang, Wei-Xing Tan, Ya-Bing Chen, Xin-Yu Qian, Jie Gao, Dong-Bao Zhao","doi":"10.1155/2023/5057009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5057009","url":null,"abstract":"Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) plays a major role in the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which is significantly activated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The function of RhoA in RA synovitis and bone erosion is still elusive. Here, we not only explored the impact of RhoA on the proliferation and invasion of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) but also elucidated its effect on mouse osteoclast and a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Results showed that RhoA was overexpressed in RA and CIA synovial tissues. Lentivirus-mediated silencing of RhoA increased apoptosis, attenuated invasion, and dramatically upregulated osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio in RA-FLSs. Additionally, the silencing of RhoA inhibited mouse osteoclast differentiation in vitro and alleviated synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion in the CIA mouse model. These effects in RA-FLSs and osteoclasts were all regulated by RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) and might interact with Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135327076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Macrophage-Related Genes in Ulcerative Colitis Using Weighted Coexpression Network Analysis and Machine Learning","authors":"Shaocheng Hong, Hongqian Wang, Shixin Chan, Jiayi Zhang, Bangjie Chen, Xiaohan Ma, Xi Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/4373840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4373840","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause that typically affects the colon and rectum. Innate intestinal immunity, including macrophages, plays a significant role in the pathological development of UC. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm, we observed elevated levels of 22 types of immune cell infiltrates, as well as increased M1 and decreased M2 macrophages in UC compared to normal colonic mucosa. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules associated with macrophages and UC, resulting in the identification of 52 macrophage-related genes (MRGs) that were enriched in macrophages at single-cell resolution. Consensus clustering based on these 52 MRGs divided the integrated UC cohorts into three subtypes. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) (SLC6A14), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in the training set, and their diagnostic value was validated in independent validation sets. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed the main biological effects, and that interleukin-17 was one of several signaling pathways enriched by the three genes. We also constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (CeRNA) network reflecting a potential posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. Expression of diagnostic markers was validated in vivo and in biospecimens, and our immunohistochemistry (IHC) results confirmed that HMGCS2 gradually decreased during the transformation of UC to colorectal cancer. In conclusion, ENPP1, SLC6A14, and HMGCS2 are associated with macrophages and the progression of UC pathogenesis and have good diagnostic value for patients with UC.","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"56 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Hub Genes and Pathogenetic Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated with Early Onset Atherosclerosis","authors":"Han Zhang, Yinde Huang, Xin Li, Wenbin Chen, Yu Lun, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/4508436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4508436","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Notwithstanding the mounting evidence to suggest that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are yet to be completely understood. This research examined the molecular mechanism behind this vascular complication. Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was retrieved to acquire the gene expression datasets for SLE (GSE109248) and atherosclerosis (GSE100927). The shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SLE and atherosclerosis were screened with the help of the “limma” package in R software, followed by function enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, key module analysis, hub gene selection, and coexpression analysis. Results. In GSE109248 and GSE100927, 1195 and 418 DEGs in totals were identified, respectively. Subsequently, we acquired 78 common DEGs (70 upregulated genes and eight downregulated genes) with the same expression trends by using the Venn diagram. Finally, 12 hub genes, including PTPRC, TYROBP, FCGR3A, ITGAX, LCP2, IL1B, IRF8, LILRB2, CD68, C1QB, CCR7, and C1QA were identified by using seven different algorithms in Cytohubba. The functional analysis illustrates that these genes were predominantly enriched in immune and inflammation response, lipid and atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. These results indicate an important role of SLE in inducing excessive inflammation, which may be medicate by these hub genes and can induce osteoporosis and imbalance of the normal mineral balance in the body as well as lipid abnormalities, which eventually leads to premature onset of atherosclerosis. In total, nine transcription factors (TFs) that may participate in regulating the function of these genes were identified. All hub genes and four TFs were validated successfully. Conclusion. The results of our research show that SLE and atherosclerosis have common DEGs, pathophysiology, and hub genes. These findings can provide fresh evidence and insights into a further investigation into the mechanisms at play.","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"24 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgE Immune Complexes Mitigate Eosinophilic Immune Responses through NLRC4 Inflammasome.","authors":"Ece Oylumlu,&nbsp;Goksu Uzel,&nbsp;Lubeyne Durmus,&nbsp;Ceren Ciraci","doi":"10.1155/2023/3224708","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3224708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune complexes (ICs) skew immune responses toward either a pro- or anti-inflammatory direction based on the type of stimulation. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with Th2 immune responses and known to activate innate immune cells. However, roles of antigen (Ag)-specific-IgE ICs in regulating human eosinophil responses remain elusive; therefore, this study builts upon the mechanism of which ovalbumin (Ova)-IgE ICs affects eosinophilic responses utilizing human EoL-1 cell line as a model. Eosinophils are granulocytes functioning through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and destructive granule contents in allergic inflammation and parasitic infections. One of the PRRs that eosinophils express is NLRC4, a member of the CARD domain containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family. Upon recognition of its specific ligand flagellin, NLRC4 inflammasome is formed and leads to the release of interleukin-1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>). We exhibited that Ova-IgE ICs induced the NLRC4-inflammasome components, including NLRC4, caspase-1, intracellular IL-1<i>β</i>, and secretion of IL-1<i>β</i>, as well as the granule contents MMP9, TIMP1, and TIMP2 proteins via TLR2 signaling; these responses were suppressed, when NLRC4 inflammasome got actived in the presence of ICs. Furthermore, Ova-IgE ICs induced mRNA expressions of <i>MMP9</i>, <i>TIMP2</i>, and <i>ECP</i> and protein expressions of MMP9 and TIMP2 in EoL-1 through Fc<i>ɛ</i>RII. Interestingly, TLR2 ligand and Ova-IgE ICs costimulation elevated the number of CD63+ cells, a degranulation marker, as compared to the native IgE. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanism for the impacts of Ova-IgE ICs on eosinophilic responses via NLRC4-inflammasome and may help understand eosinophil-associated diseases, including chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis, parasitic infections, allergy, and asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3224708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54229912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphiregulin Induces iNOS and COX-2 Expression through NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPK Signaling in Hepatic Inflammation.","authors":"Yu Jung Heo,&nbsp;Nami Lee,&nbsp;Sung-E Choi,&nbsp;Ja Young Jeon,&nbsp;Seung Jin Han,&nbsp;Dae Jung Kim,&nbsp;Yup Kang,&nbsp;Kwan Woo Lee,&nbsp;Hae Jin Kim","doi":"10.1155/2023/2364121","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/2364121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation is a major cause of hepatic tissue damage and accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Amphiregulin (AREG), an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, is associated with human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to investigate the effects of AREG on hepatic inflammation during NAFLD progression, <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AREG gene expression was measured in the liver of mice fed a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 2 weeks. We evaluated inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in HepG2 cells after stimulation with AREG. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, were analyzed using western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-8) and immune cell recruitment (as indicated by L3T4, F4/80, and ly6G mRNA expression) increased, and expression of AREG increased in the liver of mice fed the MCD diet. AREG significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and IL-1<i>β</i> and the production of NO, PGE2, and IL-8 in HepG2 cells. It also activated the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. AREG-activated NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPKs signaling, and together with NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPKs inhibitors, AREG significantly reduced the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AREG plays a role in hepatic inflammation by increasing iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPKs signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2364121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Protects against Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) Induced Sepsis through Inhibition of NF-<i>κ</i>B Pathway in Mice.","authors":"He Fang, Xingtong Wang, Mahendra Damarla, Rongju Sun, Qingli He, Ruojing Li, Pengfei Luo, Jun O Liu, Zhaofan Xia","doi":"10.1155/2023/5133505","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5133505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is one of the most severe complications and causes of mortality in the clinic. It remains a great challenge with no effective treatment for clinicians worldwide. Inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines during sepsis is considered as an important strategy for treating sepsis and improving survival. In the present study, we have observed the effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced sepsis and investigated the possible mechanism. By screening a subset of the Johns Hopkins Drug Library, we identified DMF as a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that DMF could be a potential drug to treat sepsis. To further characterize the effect of DMF on LPS signaling, TNF-<i>α</i>, MCP-1, G-CMF, and IL-6 expression levels were determined by using cytokine array panels. In addition, an endotoxemia model with C57BL/6 mice was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of DMF on sepsis. The survival rate was assessed, and HE staining was performed to investigate histopathological damage to the organs. DMF was found to increase the survival of septic mice by 50% and attenuate organ damage, consistent with the reduction in IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-<i>α</i> (inflammatory cytokines) in serum. In vitro experiments revealed DMF's inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of p65, I<i>κ</i>B, and IKK, suggesting that the primary inhibitory effects of DMF can be attributed, at least in part, to the inhibition of phosphorylation of I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i>, IKK as well as nuclear factor-<i>κ</i>B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) upon LPS stimulation. The findings demonstrate that DMF dramatically inhibits NO and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS and improves survival in septic mice, raising the possibility that DMF has the potential to be repurposed as a new treatment of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18371,"journal":{"name":"Mediators of Inflammation","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5133505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41236654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}