Nigerian Journal of Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Weeding Frequency for the Control of Flea Beetle (Podagrica spp) on the Production and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Zaria, Kaduna State","authors":"N. Musa, S. Saidu, I. M. Utono, M. S. Usman, M. A. Ubale","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0271","url":null,"abstract":"Field trials were carried out at Samaru, Zaria in the 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons to study the effect of weeding frequencies for the management of flea beetles (Podagrica spp.) on the production and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times was used to evaluate the four weeding frequencies: no weeding, one weeding, two weeding, three weeding, and four weeding. Data were collected on the number of beetle populations, the number of flowers produced, number of damaged fruits, number of leaves damaged and the weight of the fruits. The results of the present findings demonstrated that, in comparison to other weeding frequency, fruit yield were higher in plots that were weeded four times, while the populations of flea beetles (Podagrica spp.), number of flowers and leaves damaged were significantly (P<0.05) higher in one, two and four weeding compared with no and three weeding frequencies. Fruit damaged weight was considerably (P≤0.05) decreased in two and three weeding. Thus, as part of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to optimize flea beetle control, this study highlighted the significance of two and three weeding frequencies","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Some Plant Powders on Immatures of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Stored Cocoa Beans","authors":"R. Olorunmota, T. Ofuya, J. E. Idoko, R. Adebayo, A. V. Oyedokun","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica, an important insect pest of many stored food products has been reported as one of the most important pest of cocoa bean, which causes significant reduction in weight and quality of beans. High pesticides level in cocoa beans pose danger to human health and may hinder its acceptance in the global market due to regulations on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). This study therefore, evaluated the insecticidal effects of the powders of Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Eugenia aromatica and Rice husk on egg hatchability and larva mortality of C. cephalonica. Powder efficacies as insecticides were tested by applying varying rates (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4g) on petri dish lined with filter paper and the developmental stages (20 eggs and 10 larvae) of the insect were introduced in a Completely Randomized Design experiment. Egg hatchability was recorded at 24 h interval for 96 h. Larvae mortality was recorded at every 24 and 48 h of introduction. All powders completely inhibited egg hatchability at 0.3 and 0.4g rates. P. guineense and A. melegueta recorded 60% and 50% larva mortality at 48hour post treatment. Mean adult emergence was zero at higher rates in all treatments. Powders of P. guineense and A. melegueta were effective as contact bio-insecticide against C. cephalonica immature stages","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"115 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Composition and Consumers’ Perceptions on Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) Consumption in Kano State Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"B. Wudil, N. Sanda, A. Abuhuraira, S. H. Adamu, H. J. Khadija, H. Y. Bashir, I. S. Rumanat, S. A. Amira, H. Sule","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0241","url":null,"abstract":"Entomophagy is the term used to describe eating or utilization of insects for food or feed. A study was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition and consumers’ perception on grasshopper consumption as nutrient source. Structured questionnaires were administered in some selected Markets in Kano Municipal and Nassarawa local Government areas of Kano State. Sixty (60) Grasshopper consumers were randomly selected and the proximate composition and nutritional potential of edible grasshopper was collected. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis and results were presented in percentages and frequency distribution. Grasshopper has 6.0% crude protein and 58% carbohydrates. Majority of the people (66.6%) eats grasshopper among which are females (56%), married (60%) and youths (38.3%) are the dominant consumers of grasshopper. Hot water (36.7%) and salt water (18.3%) were the prominent pre-treatment methods used by the processors. On metal toxicity knowledge, about 56% of the respondents were aware of its effects and 50% have experienced some ailments while 50% reported vomiting as the common ailment. Conclusively, a lot of Hausa people residing in Kano Metropolis among other tribes accepted grasshopper as food, while females and youths are the dominant actors. It is therefore recommended that people should be sensitized on the modern rearing methods of grasshopper and the risks in wild harvested grasshopper especially pesticides contamination. More so, there is need to explore on the sources of the grasshopper sold in the markets.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biting Rhythms of Malaria Vector in the Urban Area of Itu, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"E. B. Bassey, D. Oboho, A. U. Akpan, K. N. Opara, I. Atting, J. O. Ogbeche, U. U. Afia, I. Umohata, E. G. Adams, L. Usip","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0201","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, malaria is still a serious public health concern. Studies on the endemicity of the illness in Akwa Ibom State have been conducted to identify effective strategies for malaria control, but little is known about the spread of Anopheles in the metropolitan Itu area. In the study area, a descriptive study was conducted between November 2017 and December 2018. The CDC light trap human baited bednet method was used to measure the biting activity of both indoor and outdoor mosquitoes, while the pyrethroid spray catch technique was utilized to estimate the density of mosquitoes resting indoors. Standard entomological instruments were used for morphological identification of mosquitoes. Out of the 1263 mosquitoes that were captured, An. gambiae s l (87.49%) was more prevalent. The wet season had a considerably (p<0.05) greater indoor resting density of Anopheles mosquitoes than the dry season. The average indoor resting density was 39.40 Anopheles/room, and the annual man-biting rate was a considerably (p <0.05) high 59.38 bites/man. The peak biting times were seen to be between 2 and 3 a.m., indoors (23.97%) and between 12 and 1 a.m., outdoors (19.74%). Year-round transmission of malaria occurs. The primary malaria vector in Itu metropolitan region is Anopheles gambiae. Planning and carrying out malaria control measures is so crucial in the Itu Local Government Area.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"119 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Composition Profile of Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) Reared on Different Substrate: A Potential Protein Substitute for Fishmeal","authors":"K. A. Iyapo, A. M. Adewole, S. Sule, A. S. Oluwatobi, B.O. Olofintoye","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0270","url":null,"abstract":"Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) insect meal has been adjudged a protein source for human and livestock consumption. Substrates of agricultural by-product are been used to rear this insect, and it is of importance to investigate the implication of substrate on the content of the end product. This study was conducted to assess the nutrient composition of T. molitor cultured on three grain by-products as growth substrate media [Rice Bran (RB), Corn Bran (CB) and Wheat Bran (WB)] for 90 days. Harvested larvae were sundried, ground into powder and analysed for proximate composition as well as mineral content and the data statistical analysed. Protein was highest in CB reared larvae 51.33% with least in RB reared larvae 46.74%. Fat was high in all sampled substrate reared mealworm. Ash content in CB and WB was significantly different (P<0.05) from RB reared larvae. Macro mineral Mg and Na are not significantly different, while micro mineral profile showed significant variations (P<0.05). The nutritional composition of T. molitor in this study positioned it as a potential substitute for incorporation into fish feed formulation as animal protein source.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicities of Desert Dates and Moringa Seeds Essential Oils on Helicoverpa armigera Hub (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae under Laboratory conditions","authors":"G. Abdullahi, H. Sule, H. A. Yerima","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Production of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum worldwide is being threatened by Helicoverpa armigera Hub., and farmers rely heavily on the use of costly hazardous synthetic insecticides for its management. The prime concern in increasing production of tomato is the obstacles posed by H. armigera and lack of sufficient understanding of available environmentally friendly control materials which are essential for the development of reliable integrated pest management strategies. The present study was conducted with the objectives of determining the toxicities of desert dates and moringa seed essential oils (EO) on the larvae of H. armigera. The two (2) EOs were obtained by distillation and evaporation techniques. Toxicity studies were conducted at the Entomology laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University Kano. Fruits and leaves of tomato plant were sprayed with different concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% of the essential oil extracted from the plant and acetone was used as control, cypermethrin (synthetic insecticide) was used as a standard check. The treated plants parts were allowed to dry for 15 to 20 minutes under laboratory condition. Ten 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera were introduced into the container covered with muslin cloth and allowed to feed. Observation on larval mortality was made at 24, 48 and 72h post introduction. EOs composition was analysed using GC-MS for qualitative and quantitative determination of the biomolecules present. Results of the toxicity of the essential oils show both oils caused mortality of the larvae. The GC-MS analysis shows 1-Methylpentyl cyclopropane (Monoterpene) as the dominant compound in both essential oils. Two percent (2%) EO of balanites is recommended for application on both the fruits and leaves of the tomato plant to control H. amigera","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown and Toxicity of Essential Oils from the Rhizome of Zingiber officinale (L) and the Bud of Syzygium aromaticum (L) to Periplaneta americana (L)","authors":"I. Umohata, P. M. Ubulom, A. U. Akpan, P. S. Thomas, D. I. Eshiet","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0220","url":null,"abstract":"The American cockroach (Periplanata americana) is an important peridomestic pest that is responsible for the mechanical transmission of several disease pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the knockdown and toxicity effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils against Periplanata americana. Oils were extracted from the rhizomes and buds of ginger and cloves plants respectively. The oils were extracted using the hydrodistillation method and were serially diluted in 20% tween 80 solution to obtain seven concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400μl/ml). Whatman No.1 filter paper was smeared with 1ml of each concentration of the oil and allowed to dry. Adult P. americana were exposed to the treated filter paper in a glass jar. Each experimental set up and the control had 20 adult cockroaches each. The control experiment had the cockroaches exposed to 1ml of 20% tween 80 solution. Each experiment was replicated 4 times. The knockdown effect was observed at 10 minutes intervals for 60 minutes while the mortality count was recorded after 24 and 48 hours. After 20 minutes of exposure to cloves oil, 100% knockdown was observed in the highest concentration (400μl/ml). For ginger oil, complete knockdown was observed in the highest concentration (400μl/ml) after 30 minutes of exposure. Both ginger and clove oil showed increased mortality as the concentration increased. After 48 hours of exposure, 100% mortality of adult P. americana were recorded in both oils at the highest concentration of 400μl/ml. While 25% and 40% mortality recorded at the lowest concentration of 5μl/ml for ginger and clove oil respectively at 48 hours. There was no mortality recorded in the control. Clove oil was more potent than ginger oil, this was judged by the 48 hours LC50 value of 7.344μl/ml while the 48 hour LC50 value for ginger oil was 56.564μl/ml. It was concluded from the study that both ginger and clove oils exhibited significant knockdown and toxicity activity against P. americana. Thus, it is recommended that the essential oils from these plants should be incorporated in the production of botanical pesticides for the management of P. americana, which is a well-known mechanical vector and common household’s pest.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"62 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Diversity on Decomposing Domestic Piglets (Sus domesticus ERXLEBEN) Carcasses at Umudike, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"C. Ehisianya, E. K. Ozum","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0250","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor experiments were carried out to identify arthropods colonizing ground-placed and hung piglets (Sus domesticus) carcasses, their species diversity, and decomposition pattern. The trial was carried out in two seasons: July to September, 2019 (wet), and January to March, 2020 (dry) at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria. A total of four healthy piglets with average weight of 3.73 kg were sacrificed for the trial. The piglets died by dislocating their cervical vertebrate (to mimic natural death); two were placed on the ground in metal cage whereas the other two were hung on a tree. Data on carcasses arthropod populations, temperature, weights and decomposition stages and rates were collected. Results showed that the total arthropod taxa of seventeen genera, ten families in four orders were recorded from the carcasses. A total of 29,629 individual insects were counted, belonging mainly to; Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Dermestidae, Staphylinodea, Pyrrhocoridae and Formidae. Their species abundance was; Musca spp. (37.09 %), Chrysomya spp. (12.97 %), Pheidole spp. (12.09), Componotus spp. (9.69 %), Monomorium spp. (6.04 %), respectively. Higher number of insects were collected from ground-placed piglets (34.08%) than hung piglets (28.06%). More insects were recorded during the dry (55.28%) than wet (44.11%) season. Higher insect diversity was also recorded amongst insect species on ground-placed (0.80) than hung (0.72) carcasses. Data also showed that five stages (fresh, bloat, active decay, advanced decay and skeletonization) of decomposition were observed over a duration of 10 days. This study provided base-line data on the local insect fauna associated with the stages of decomposition with emphases on their arrival time, and it is crucial for estimating the post-mortem interval during forensic investigations in south eastern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"113 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characterization and Entomotoxicity of the Powders and Oil Extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) and Anarcadium occidentale (L.) on Sitophilus oryzae (L.)","authors":"B. B. Adewoye, Emmanuela O. Ozodinobi","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0281","url":null,"abstract":"The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae is a cosmopolitan and economic pest of stored rice and other cereals. This study\u0000assessed the phytochemical composition and entomotoxic effect of powders and ethanolic oil extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Anacardium occidentale on S. oryzae. Phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were carried out on the oils of Z. zanthoxyloides and A. occidentale, while powders and oils of both plants were further assessed for their toxicity to S. oryzae at 1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g and 0.0625 ml, 0.125 ml, 0.50ml concentrations for both powders and oils respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids, in the oils of both plants, with higher quantity of flavonoids (18%) detected in the oil of A. occidentale. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 and 9 chemical compounds, among which Pellitorine;2,4 Decadienamide, N-isobutyl-,(E, E)-, a potent insecticidal compound, was identified in the oil of Z. zanthoxyloides. Mortality rates of S. oryzae treated with the powder and oil extracts increased with higher concentrations and duration. Powder of Z. zanthoxyloides displayed mortality rates ranging from 6.67 ± 6.67 % to 100.00± 0.00% within 24 to 96 hours, whereas A. occidentale powder exhibited rates from 6.67 ± 3.33% to 80.00 ± 15.28%. Similar trend was observed in the oil treatment. These findings highlight the potential of Z. zanthoxyloides and A. occidentale extracts as ecofriendly alternatives for S. oryzae control in stored grains.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"110 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of New Technology in Mapping and Distribution of Termites and Termitarium in Oyigbo Local Government, Port Harcourt","authors":"O. M. Azeez, U. Zakka, E. I. Miebaka, V. A. Oyedokun, W. I. Ogege","doi":"10.36108/nje/3202/93.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/3202/93.0130","url":null,"abstract":"GIS and Remote sensing are new technology deployed in solving entomological related problems, which is more efficient with large area coverage, including inaccessible farm land and cost effective. They are handy with tools to capture, determine location, manipulate, analyze and visualize objects like termitarium in the study area. A survey was carried out to determine the types and proportions of mound-building termites occurring in Obunka-Egberu communities (Afam), Oyigbo Local Government Area. Three species of mound-building termites, namely; Ancistrotermes latinotus, Amitermes evuncifer and Amitermes species were observed to occur in the study areas. However, A evuncifer is the dominant mound –building termite in the study area. The termitaria are of different type and colour at different depth of the soil sample. The height of the dead termitaria was lower than those of the live ones. Irregular shapes of termitaria occurred in the location of different type; 70 % of the termitaria were dome, while the remaining ones were cathedral, iconic and arboreal.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":" 60","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}