IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)最新文献_第2页

Thermodynamic analysis of adsorption refrigeration cycles 吸附式制冷循环的热力学分析

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661949

B. Saha, A. Akisawa, T. Kashiwagi

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of adsorption refrigeration cycles","authors":"B. Saha, A. Akisawa, T. Kashiwagi","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661949","url":null,"abstract":"High- and mid-temperature waste heat can be recovered by using existing heat pump technologies. However, heat utilization near environmental temperatures still faces technical hurdles. Silica gel-water adsorption cycles have a distinct advantage over other systems in their ability to be driven by near-ambient temperature heat. Waste heat (above 60/spl deg/C) can be exploited by using conventional silica gel-water adsorption chiller. The advanced silica-gel-water adsorption chiller can operate effectively by utilizing low-grade waste heat (/spl sim/50/spl deg/C) as the driving source with a cooling source of 30/spl deg/C. In this paper, the effect of operating temperatures on cycle performance is discussed from the thermodynamic viewpoint. The temperature effectiveness and the entropy generation number on cycle time are analyzed. For a comparatively short cycle time, adsorber/desorber heat exchanger temperature effectiveness reaches up to 92% after only 200 sec. The entropy generation number N/sub s/ is defined by the ratio between irreversibility generated during a cycle and availability of the heat transfer fluid. The result showed that for the advanced adsorption cycle the entropy generation number N/sub s/ is smaller for hot water temperature between 45 to 55/spl deg/C with a cooling source of 30/spl deg/C, while for the conventional cycle N/sub s/ is smaller for hot water temperature between 65 to 75/spl deg/C with the same cooling source temperature.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115721780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Electrode testing in simple vapor-vapor AMTEC cells 简单蒸汽-蒸汽AMTEC电池的电极测试

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661938

T. K. Hunt, C. Borkowski, K. Childs, R. Sievers

{"title":"Electrode testing in simple vapor-vapor AMTEC cells","authors":"T. K. Hunt, C. Borkowski, K. Childs, R. Sievers","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661938","url":null,"abstract":"Alkali metal thermoelectric conversion (AMTEC) is under consideration for a range of applications from solar and radioisotope spacecraft power systems to micro-cogeneration in residential furnaces. AMTEC cells designed for many applications require series connection of individual beta\"-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) tubes. In order to prevent short circuit conditions due to liquid sodium bridging to the metallic cell structure, this generally demands cell operation in a vapor-anode mode. The authors report here the results of a series of AMTEC experiments carried out in a simple vapor-vapor mini-electrode test cell (METC). The cell provides for a once-through sodium supply, in order to provide rapid turnaround and avoid the assembly complications of providing for Na recirculation. This test cell design also provides a simple method to allow for operating a given electrode and current collector combination in both vapor-vapor and liquid-vapor states in a single experimental run. This capability allows a direct comparison between the larger body of historical data on liquid-vapor cells and the vapor-vapor systems now required.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new-concept gas-solid combustion system "MERIT" for high combustion efficiency and low emissions 新概念的“MERIT”气固燃烧系统，燃烧效率高，排放低

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661896

T. Hatanaka, S. Matsuda, H. Hatano

{"title":"A new-concept gas-solid combustion system \"MERIT\" for high combustion efficiency and low emissions","authors":"T. Hatanaka, S. Matsuda, H. Hatano","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661896","url":null,"abstract":"A new-concept gas-solid combustion system \"MERIT\" (Mediator Recirculation Integrating Technology) is proposed to contribute the settlement of environmental problems. This system divides combustion into two reactions, oxidation of metal by air at high temperature and reduction of metal oxide by fuel at low temperature. It recirculates the metal as an oxygen-carrier between these two processes. Since the low-temperature heat absorbed in the reduction reaction is released as the high-temperature heat in the oxidation reaction, the overall thermal efficiency is improved. There is no NO/sub x/ emission because the oxidation is a gas-solid reaction between metal and air without a flame. Since the reduction reaction produces only carbon dioxide and water vapor, CO/sub 2/ can be easily separated and collected by cooling the exhaust gas. The key point of the development of this combustion system is the kinetics of oxidation and reduction reactions. We carried out experiments to clarify the fundamental kinetics of the two reactions applying nickel as metal and methane as a fuel. It was certified that the rates of both reactions were fast enough. This result revealed that this combustion system has high potential to achieve high thermal efficiency and contribute to the settlement of environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129850353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

The processing of alcohols, hydrocarbons and ethers to produce hydrogen for a PEMFC for transportation applications 对醇、碳氢化合物和醚进行加工，为运输用PEMFC生产氢气

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661877

R. Dams, P. R. Hayter, S. C. Moore

{"title":"The processing of alcohols, hydrocarbons and ethers to produce hydrogen for a PEMFC for transportation applications","authors":"R. Dams, P. R. Hayter, S. C. Moore","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661877","url":null,"abstract":"Wellman CJB Limited is involved in a number of projects to develop fuel processors to provide a hydrogen-rich fuel in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) systems for transportation applications. This work started in 1990 which resulted in the demonstration of 10 kW PEMFC system incorporating a methanol reformer and catalytic gas clean-up system. Current projects include: the development of a compact fast response methanol reformer and gas clean-up system for a motor vehicle; reforming of infrastructure fuels including gasoline, diesel, reformulated fuel gas and LPG to produce a hydrogen rich gas for PEMFC; investigating the potential of dimethylether (DME) as source of hydrogen rich gas for PEMFCs; the use of thin film palladium diffusers to produce a pure hydrogen stream from the hydrogen rich gas from a reformer; and processing of naval logistic fuels to produce a hydrogen rich gas stream for PEMFC power system to replace diesel generators in surface ships. This paper outlines the background to these projects and reports their current status.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130541572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effects of population allocation on the electric power systems form the viewpoint of combined heat and power installation 人口配置对电力系统的影响形成了热电联产的观点

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656681

A. Akisawa, K. Fujita, T. Kashiwagi

引用次数: 0

New materials and devices for thermoelectric applications 热电应用的新材料和新装置

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661920

J. Fleurial, A. Borshchevsky, T. Caillat, R. Ewell

{"title":"New materials and devices for thermoelectric applications","authors":"J. Fleurial, A. Borshchevsky, T. Caillat, R. Ewell","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661920","url":null,"abstract":"New high efficiency thermoelectric materials with ZT values substantially larger than 1.0 have been recently developed. The successful development of a segmented thermoelectric generator utilizing a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials and these novel thermoelectric materials could result in a high thermal-to-electric materials conversion efficiency over 19%. This is because the new thermoelectric materials have a higher average ZT value and the generator can be operated in a temperature range wider than possible with state-of-the-art (SOA) materials. Such improved power generators could be used for a variety of applications including waste heat recovery. This could also lead to the development of high performance thermoelectric generators operating in a relatively narrow temperature range for specific applications. However, there are also new low power and thermal management applications for small thermoelectric devices using SOA materials. If more efficient thermoelectric materials are incorporated, the performance of these new devices will be even higher.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123003586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Coupled thermal, electrical, and fluid flow analyses of AMTEC converters, with illustrative application to OSC's cell design AMTEC转换器的耦合热、电和流体流动分析，以及OSC电池设计的说明性应用

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661932

A. Schock, H. Noravian, C. Or

{"title":"Coupled thermal, electrical, and fluid flow analyses of AMTEC converters, with illustrative application to OSC's cell design","authors":"A. Schock, H. Noravian, C. Or","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.661932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.661932","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the background and introduction to the OSC AMTEC (alkali metal thermal-to-electrical conversion) studies, which were conducted for the Department of Energy (DOE) and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). After describing the basic principle of AMTEC, the paper describes and explains the operation of multi-tube vapor/vapor cells, which have been under development by AMPS (Advance Modular Power Systems, Inc.) for the Air Force Phillips Laboratory (AFPL) and JPL for possible application to the Europa Orbiter, Pluto Express, and other space missions. It then describes a novel OSC-generated methodology for analyzing the performance of such cells. This methodology consists of an iterative procedure for the coupled solution of the interdependent thermal, electrical, and fluid flow differential and integral equations governing the performance of AMTEC cells and generators, taking proper account of the nonlinear axial variations of temperature, pressure, open-circuit voltage, inter-electrode voltages, current density, axial current, sodium mass flow rate, and power density. The paper illustrates that analytical procedure by applying it to OSC's latest cell design and by presenting detailed analytical results for that design. The OSC-developed analytic methodology constitutes a unique and powerful tool for accurate parametric analyses and design optimizations of the multitube AMTEC cells and of radioisotope power systems.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124922818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Highly concentrated solar energy transmission through an optical fiber coupled with CPC 高度集中的太阳能传输通过光纤耦合的CPC

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656709

H. Arashi, H. Naito, H. Yugami, T. Oka

引用次数: 2

Molten carbonate fuel cells for power generation from high-ash Indian coals 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电用高灰印度煤

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661873

R. Perumal, S. Bali, M. Balakrishnan, A. Mathur

引用次数: 0

Solubility of LiCoO/sub 2/ in molten carbonates LiCoO/sub 2/在熔融碳酸盐中的溶解度

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.660238

M. Higashino, M. Yanagida, K. Tanimoto, T. Kojima, Y. Tamiya, H. Matsumoto, T. Asai, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Takigawa

引用次数: 0