Medical and Veterinary Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Cavernicola pilosa Barber (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) infected by Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei Baker et al. (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae): Household invasion and risk in the state of Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Fernanda Portela Madeira, Adila Costa de Jesus, Mariane Albuquerque Lima Ribeiro, Francisca Helena Silva de Freitas, Jeferson Damasceno Lima, André Luiz Rodrigues Menezes, Jader de Oliveira, João Aristeu da Rosa, Jociel Klleyton Santos Santana, Vinícius Fernandes de Paiva, Yago Visinho Dos Reis, Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, João Paulo Sales Oliveira Correia, Cleber Galvão, Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti","doi":"10.1111/mve.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Cavernicola belongs to the subfamily Triatominae, which includes insect vectors of Chagas disease. This study reports the occurrence of Cavernicola pilosa Barber infected with Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei Baker et al. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the state of Acre, Brazil. The triatomine bug was collected inside a house by a resident of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Specimen identification was based on the morphological characters described by Galvão (2014). Trypanosomatid identification was performed through DNA extraction from the abdominal contents of the specimen, followed by fluorescent fragment length barcoding and phylogenetic analyses using the V7-V8 region of the SSU rRNA and the gGAPDH gene. The insect was identified as a male Cavernicola pilosa infected with Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei. This record increases the known number of triatomine species in the state of Acre from 11 to 12 and the number of genera from four to five. Furthermore, it represents the first documented occurrence of a Triatominae species infected with T. c. marinkellei in Acre, highlighting the need for further studies to elucidate the distribution, ecology and vectorial potential of C. pilosa in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-host choice experiments reveal inconsistent seasonal blood-feeding preference in Argentinean Culex quinquefasciatus populations.","authors":"Kevin A Rucci, Guadalupe Di Cola, Adrián Diaz","doi":"10.1111/mve.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes of the genus Culex are important vectors of St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses, and their host-feeding patterns strongly influence transmission dynamics by shaping contact rates between avian and mammalian hosts. In the United States, several Culex species exhibit seasonal shifts in host use, feeding primarily on birds during summer and increasing mammalian feeding in autumn. This shift coincides with seasonal peaks in SLEV and WNV incidence, suggesting that changes in mosquito feeding behaviour may trigger viral spillover to mammals. However, no experimental study has evaluated whether such seasonal patterns occur in South American populations. In this study, it was tested whether an Argentinean population of Culex quinquefasciatus shows seasonal variation in feeding preference under controlled laboratory conditions. Starved females were simultaneously offered a chick (Gallus gallus) and mouse (Mus musculus) in dual-choice assays conducted under summer and autumn conditions, both representing a combination of simulated temperature and photoperiod regimes. Blood-meal sources were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and feeding proportions were analysed using a Bayesian multinomial logistic regression. Mosquitoes fed on both hosts in both seasons with a high proportion of mixed blood meals, with no consistent evidence of a seasonal host shift. Substantial variation among replicates indicated high intra-population heterogeneity. Overall, Cx. quinquefasciatus exhibited a generalist and plastic feeding strategy rather than a defined seasonal pattern. Although no seasonal shift was detected, the generalist behaviour supports its potential role as a bridge vector of arboviruses in South America.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome profiles of Plasmodium vivax and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) genes in sporozoite stage.","authors":"Siriphattrarat Aranyakasemsuk, Sirasate Bantuchai, Chalermpon Kumpitak, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Anchanee Kubera","doi":"10.1111/mve.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After ingestion by a mosquito vector, malaria parasite gametocytes differentiate into gametes and undergo fertilization in the midgut to form zygotes. The zygotes develop into ookinetes that traverse the midgut wall and form oocysts, within which sporozoites are produced. Our previous study characterized the transcriptome profiles of Plasmodium vivax and Anopheles dirus at the ookinete and oocyst stages. This study focused on the transcriptome analysis of An. dirus and P. vivax at 14-day post-infection, corresponding to the sporozoite stage. Transcripts corresponding to 1706 P. vivax genes were identified. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between P. vivax-infected and uninfected An. dirus revealed 112 upregulated, 599 downregulated and 8420 stably expressed genes. PvETRAMP10.3 and PvSS10 were highly expressed during the P. vivax sporozoite stage, suggesting potential roles in parasite infection competency. Upregulated An. dirus genes were associated with transcription processes, including DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity, cholesterol transport and host defence mechanisms via C-type lectin domain-containing protein. In contrast, several genes associated with the innate immunity, host development and cellular homeostasis in An. dirus were downregulated. Notably, vitellogenin and regucalcin were drastically downregulated, suggesting potential roles in parasite-mosquito interactions during sporozoite infection. The expression patterns of selected An. dirus and P. vivax genes from RNA-Seq analysis were consistent with those determined by RT-qPCR, confirming the reliability of the transcriptomic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peridomestic infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis and natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico.","authors":"Reyna Vargas-Abasolo, José Rafael Delgado López, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Miguel Galarde-López, Gemma Rojo, Alex Córdoba-Aguilar","doi":"10.1111/mve.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease remains a public health concern in rural and peri-urban areas of Mexico, where environmental and sociocultural conditions favour the presence of triatomines and the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). We conducted a cross-sectional survey in two localities of Zacatepec, Morelos, to document peridomestic infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), its natural infection with T. cruzi, and community knowledge, attitudes and practices. A total of 46 triatomines were collected, all identified as T. pallidipennis, with T. cruzi detected in all specimens. Overall infestation was 25.3% and colonization index was 47.8%, with a density of 50.5 triatomines per 100 dwellings whose peridomestic areas were inspected and an average of 2.0 triatomines per infested dwelling. Triatoma pallidipennis was found in peridomestic habitats associated with accumulation of materials, domestic animals and surrounding vegetation. Survey results indicated general awareness of the disease but limited knowledge of symptoms and preventive measures, with control practices mainly based on insecticide use. These findings provide local evidence of peridomestic vector presence and T. cruzi infection in Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico and support the need to strengthen surveillance and community-based prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.","authors":"Letícia Mikardya Lima Sales, Christiane Carlos Araújo de Negreiros, Lucas Abrantes Batista, George Harisson Felinto Sampaio, Nathan Ravi Medeiros Honorato, Carlos Ramon do Nascimento Brito, Rand Randall Martins, Lúcia Maria Abrantes Aguiar, Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão, Antonia Claudia Jácome da Câmara, Andressa Noronha Barbosa-Silva Carvalho","doi":"10.1111/mve.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, updated studies on synanthropic triatomines are needed to elucidate population dynamics and identify high-risk areas for parasite transmission. This study evaluated active searching, vector control, and entomological indicator activities, as well as the distribution of triatomine species captured in domestic environments across different mesoregions of the state from 2005 to 2022. Secondary data on triatomine captures in domiciliary units (DUs) from municipalities in the Agreste, Central, and West mesoregions were analysed. These data were provided by the Rio Grande do Norte State Secretariat for Public Health. Entomological surveillance activities were implemented discontinuously throughout the period, ranging from 2 to 12 years. No entomological surveillance activities were performed in the East mesoregion, nor in 46.5% (20/43) of municipalities in the Agreste, 18.9% (7/37) in the Central, and 11.3% (7/62) in the West mesoregions. Triatomine presence was recorded in most municipalities where entomological surveillance activities were conducted, and the number of surveyed and positive DUs was higher in the Central and West mesoregions. The overall infestation index was highest in the West and Central mesoregions municipalities. Additionally, the natural infection index by Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) was elevated in all three mesoregions. Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata were the most frequently captured species. The West mesoregion exhibited the highest number of specimens captured and the greatest diversity of triatomines. Discontinuities in entomological surveillance and vector control, combined with insufficient systematic monitoring and limited integration between the community and health services, likely contributed to persistent infestation and colonization of anthropic environments by triatomines. Furthermore, the constant presence of native triatomine species infected with T. cruzi in dwellings underscores the ongoing risk of parasite transmission to humans and domestic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimisation of rapid real-time PCR assays for the detection of key Culicoides species.","authors":"Elsie Isiye, Angela Valcarcel Olmeda, Thomas Curran, David O'Neill, Theo De Waal, Gerald Barry, Aidan O'Hanlon, James O'Shaughnessy, Marion England, Annetta Zintl, Denise O'Meara","doi":"10.1111/mve.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In extensive surveillance programmes of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), morphological identification can be time-consuming and difficult, while DNA barcoding, although highly accurate, may not be cost-effective or suitable for rapid analysis, as it requires individual specimen processing. To address these limitations, we developed a rapid screening method using real-time PCR assays with either SYBR Green or hydrolysis probe-based detection chemistries. Species-specific primers and, where necessary, hydrolysis probes were designed based on the updated sequences of the ITS2 region of seven Culicoides species. The specificity and efficiency of these assays were validated both in silico and through real-time PCR testing on target and non-target Culicoides species, tested individually and as mixed-species samples. The new real-time PCR assays detect the presence of key species including C. obsoletus, C. scoticus, C. chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. pulicaris, C. punctatus and C. impunctatus in pools of specimens. The molecular techniques developed in this study provide a valuable tool for accurate and high-throughput Culicoides surveillance, which can be used for year-round monitoring of adult midges in traps, larvae and in environmental samples, potentially revealing novel insights into the spatial and temporal turnover of Culicoides species. These methods can be applied to large-scale vector screening programmes involving pooled samples, addressing the limitations of previously described methods used in midge surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical distribution of Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 in northwestern Spain from 2019 to 2024: A one health approach.","authors":"Inês Abreu Ramos, María Vilá Pena, David Boso Dafonte, Mercedes Camiña García, Ánxela Pousa Ortega, José Ángel Hernández Malagón, Cristiana Cazapal Monteiro, Inés Mato Naveira, Adolfo Paz Silva, Rita Sánchez-Andrade Fernández, María Sol Arias Vázquez","doi":"10.1111/mve.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, is a competent vector of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and other zoonotic pathogens, typically associated with warmer Mediterranean environments. Between 2019 and 2024, as part of the activities of the Galician Vector Surveillance Network (ReGaViVec), a passive surveillance program was carried out in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, involving regional Healthcare centers, livestock farms, equestrian facilities, Wildlife Rescue Centers, Veterinary clinics and private individuals. A total of 63 adult specimens were morphologically identified as H. marginatum, collected from humans (60.3%), free-range ungulates (35%), dogs (3.2%) and the environment (1.6%). The annual distribution ranged from 1.6% of the total in 2019 to 57.1% in 2024. Seasonal activity peaked in spring (54%), declined slightly in summer (44%) and was absent in winter. Most specimens (82.5%) came from areas under a Mediterranean climate and warm summers, and 66% were collected at locations less than 15 km from where the first specimen was found. Human infestations were primarily associated with agricultural activities (47.6%) and recreational walking in wooded areas (42.9%). Regarding human anatomical distribution, the most frequent attachment sites were the trunk (34.2%) and the lower extremities (21.1%). The continuing detection of H. marginatum ticks in the study area, along with changes in their spatial distribution over a 6-year period, highlights the need to implement surveillance protocols based on a 'One Health' approach to monitor the potential establishment of this vector in NW Spain, as well as the risk of some pathogens associated with it.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of host use in Culex mosquitoes and their implications for arbovirus transmission dynamics in urban environments.","authors":"Octavio Giayetto, Kevin Alen Rucci, Mauricio Daniel Beranek, Adrián Alejandro Farías, Adrián Díaz","doi":"10.1111/mve.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding behaviour is essential for assessing arbovirus transmission risk. Culex mosquitoes are key vectors, yet their host-feeding patterns in urban areas of South America remain understudied. This study examined the blood-feeding patterns of four Culex species in Córdoba, Argentina, emphasizing overall trends, seasonality and host preferences. Mosquitoes were collected during spring, summer and autumn across four urban sites over a 2-year period (2017-2018). Blood meals were identified through molecular analysis. Culex dolosus fed exclusively on birds, while Cx. interfor Dyar, Cx. saltanensis Dyar and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say fed on both birds and mammals. Culex quinquefasciatus accounted for most identified blood meals (n = 219), with 83% derived from birds and 17% from mammals. The most frequently detected local avian hosts were Zenaida auriculata (24.5%) and Passer domesticus (10%), while the most common mammalian hosts were Canis lupus familiaris (14.5%) and Homo sapiens (13.6%). Bird-derived blood meals predominated in all seasons. Forage ratio estimates indicated that Cx. quinquefasciatus exhibited a preference for P. domesticus, Agelaioides badius and C. lupus familiaris. These results highlight key vertebrate hosts potentially involved in local transmission cycles, with Z. auriculata and P. domesticus emerging as important nodes for arbovirus maintenance in urban Córdoba.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flea infestation and molecular detection of Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. in domestic dog-associated fleas from the inter-Andean basin of Cundinamarca, Colombia.","authors":"Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos, Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, Nicole L Mendell, Laura Natalia Robayo-Sánchez, Jerson Andrés Cuéllar-Sáenz, Jesús A Cortés-Vecino, J Manuel Matiz-González, Marylin Hidalgo, Lucas S Blanton, David H Walker","doi":"10.1111/mve.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mve.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs are common companion animals, often infested by fleas that can transmit zoonotic pathogens in rural tropical areas. In Colombia, studies on flea-borne agents in dogs are limited. Understanding the presence of these ectoparasites and associated microorganisms is crucial. To assess flea infestation and detect and identify Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. in fleas collected from dogs in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Between 2019 and 2020, fleas were collected from rural domestic dogs in 24 municipalities of western Cundinamarca. Fleas were morphologically identified and pooled for DNA extraction. Molecular screening of Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. was performed by qPCR. Positive samples underwent further characterization by conventional PCR. Rickettsia was additionally analyzed using RFLP, while Bartonella was evaluated through phylogenetic analysis. Of the 116 dogs examined across 24 municipalities, 39.7% were infested with fleas. A total of 138 fleas were collected and grouped into 46 pools, with Ctenocephalides felis felis identified in 94% of them. Rickettsia was detected in 83% of pools, with Rickettsia asembonensis and Rickettsia felis identified in most positive samples. Bartonella was found in 28% of pools; however, sequencing success was limited, and no species-level identification could be achieved. This study documents flea infestation in domestic dogs in Cundinamarca, predominantly by C. felis felis. High detection of R. asembonensis and presence of R. felis confirm widespread rickettsial circulation in fleas. Bartonella was detected less frequently, but species-level identification was not achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anti-tick effect of Eucalyptus globulus oil and its nano-emulsion against unfed adults of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae).","authors":"Eman A Abo Talep, Magdy M Fahmy, Sobhy Abdel-Shafy, Fathalla Ayoob, Nisreen E Mahmoud, Eman I Hassanen, Mai Abuowarda","doi":"10.1111/mve.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mve.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Ixodida: Ixodidae) has an economic impact as it is a blood-feeding ectoparasite transmitting numerous pathogens to humans and animals. The present study evaluated the acaricidal effect of eucalyptus essential oil (EO) with the concentrations (40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5%), eucalyptus nano-emulsion (ENE) with the concentrations (30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 2.5%), ENE combined with silver nanoparticles (ENE & SNPs) with the concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1%) and SNPs with the concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1%) on unfed adults of R. sanguineus sensu lato using the adult immersion test. There were two controls, one with tween 80 and the other without tween 80, while Bravecto® was used as an acaricidal reference. The nanoformulations were analysed by particle size, UV-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mortality of treated R. sanguineus was recorded daily for 7 days. The mortality of ENE and SNPs, EO and SNPs at 7 days was 96.6%, 90% and 80%, at concentrations of 5%, 40% and 5%, respectively. The lethal concentration to 50% mortality (LC₅₀) of EO, ENE, ENE and SNPs, and SNPs at 7 days was 6.65, 9.49, 2.23 and 4.08%, respectively. The particle size of nanoformulations was (83.08, 10.59 and 223.4 nm) for ENE, a mixture of SNPs, and ENE and SNPs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of treated adult R. sanguineus revealed numerous alterations in aeropyles of spiracular plates, anal grooves and mouthparts. The histopathological examination of the treated adult R. sanguineus showed degeneration in the cuticle, midgut and salivary gland. These findings demonstrate that eucalyptus oil could be used as part of an integrated pest management program for the control of R. sanguineus.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"323-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145573503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}