Medical Journal of Babylon最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of breast cancer among blood groups of women in the holy Governorate of Karbala","authors":"Ahmed Abdulridha Al-Ganimi, Aqeel Abd Al-Salam","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant problem that affects women all over the world and is a leading cause of death among these patients. ABO blood groups are stable and vary by socioeconomic, geographical, and ethnic groupings. Blood type affects susceptibility and results. Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between ABO blood type and Rh system as risk factors for breast cancer. Aim: To identify the association of breast cancer prevalence between women’s blood groups and the Rh factor system in Karbala Governorate. Materials and Methods: A total of 1026 women were chosen, with 736 cases and 290 controls. The case group includes patients with breast cancer, and all of them had their cancer diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. The control group consisted of women who had never been diagnosed with cancer of breast. Results: Blood group type O (39.7%), blood group type A (26.1%), blood group type B (25.4%), and blood group type AB (8.8%) were the most common ABO blood types among cancer of breast patients. The percentages of groups of ABO blood for healthy donor control were as follows: blood group type O (40.0%), blood group type A (27.6%), blood group type B (21.7%), and AB (10.7%) with P = 0.05 or higher. There is a significant difference in the Rh factor between breast cancer patients and healthy control (P = 0.003). There were noticeable differences in age categories between patients diagnosed with breast cancer and the controls in this study (P = 0.000). Conclusion: There is no correlation between ABO blood types and breast cancer in this group of Iraqi women. There is a statistically significant difference, with a P value of 0.003, between patients diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls in terms of the Rh factor.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"338 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat shock protein 70 biomarkers in sperm and its association on oligoasthenozoospermia, and asthenozoospermia in male infertility","authors":"Ahmed Abdel Jail, W. Alsafi, Z. Raad","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_293_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_293_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The heat shock protein (Hsp70) is a protein that helps cells survive in harsh conditions and is involved in a variety of cellular biological processes. Objectives: To study the relationship between the levels of (Hsp70) in semen plasma of infertile (oligoasthenozoospermia (OA), asthenozoospermia (AZ) and fertile men and the effect of an increase and decrease on fertility. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 119 semen samples, 31 men with (AZ), 28 men with (OA), whereas another 60 healthy controls were diagnosed, semen samples were collected from Iraqi patients who attended infertility clinics for infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technologies in Karbala for the period between November 2021 and May 2022. Results: The mean (Hsp70) in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). In comparison to (AZ) groups with (OA) found a significant difference in the mean level of (Hsp70) between (AZ) groups and (OA) groups (Hsp70) levels showed a negative significant correlation with the concentration, progressive cell and non-progressive cell, and a positive significant correlation with the sample volume, viscosity of semen, P < 0.05. Conclusion: The total level of Hsp70 in the semen of men is higher in infertile men (AZ) and (OA), whereas we find lower levels in the semen of fertile men. A negative relationship was also found between the level of Hsp70 with semen concentrations and sperm motility and a positive relationship with the volume of the semen sample and its viscosity.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"278 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46636778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Protective Effect of Spanish Black Radish on Hematological Parameters aganist Benzene - Induced Leukemia in Rats","authors":"Baneen Al-Rubaye, Ibtisam Al-Ali, Khalid Hussein","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_317_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_317_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Spanish black radish, which is grown all over the world and is full of useful nutrients, helps in the therapy of many illnesses. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Spanish black radish extracts against benzene-induced leukemia in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 rats were purchased from the animal house at the College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Iraq. Benzene was used for the induction of leukemia in experimental animals. An extract of black radish was set after mixing up 50 g of the finely powdered plant material with two solvents (500 mL of 100% ethanol or water). After leukemia induction, rats were randomly divided into seven groups: first group, negative control group; second group, positive control group; third group, (lack radish aqueous extract 100 mg/kg; fourth group, black radish aqueous extract 200 mg/kg; fifth group, black radish ethanol extract 100 mg/kg; sixth group, black radish ethanol extract 200 mg/kg; and seventh group, cyclophosphamide 5 mg/kg. Results: Leukemia induction resulted in a severe increase in the total leukocyte count and a severe decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelet levels of the experimental animals. However, there were no significant differences between the negatively treated group and the benzene-treated group regarding platelet count. Posttreatment with Spanish black radish extracts, especially the aqueous plant extract, shows an improvement in blood profiles compared to the benzene-treated group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that Spanish black radish might be a promising natural, antileukemic source.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"287 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46704549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-8 and -17 levels in the sera of vaccinated subjects receiving a booster dose of measles virus: A follow-up study in Iraq","authors":"L. Al-Kaif, Younis Al-Khafaji, Sarah Shandaway, Uday AL-Janabi, Kawther Kadhim, Mohammed Akkaif","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_566_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_566_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to severe complications. Vaccination has successfully reduced measles cases; however, the immune response to booster doses of the measles vaccine is not fully understood. This follow-up study aimed to investigate the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-17 in the sera of vaccinated subjects after receiving a booster dose of the measles virus. Objectives: This follow-up study evaluated the levels of IL-8 and IL-17 in the sera of volunteers who received a second booster dose of the measles virus vaccine compared to a control group. Materials and Methods: Forty volunteers were included in the study, with 20 volunteers receiving a second booster dose of the vaccine and the remaining volunteers serving as the control group. The levels of IL-8 and IL-17 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at various time intervals. Results: The results revealed significant differences in IL-8 levels, whereas IL-17 levels showed non-significant differences among the tested subjects at different time intervals (P ≤ 0.05). In the vaccinated group, the mean IL-8 level after one week was 192.04 ± 31.44 pg/mL, whereas it decreased to 30.89 ± 4.44 pg/mL after 7 weeks, showing a significant difference between these two periods. The control group had an IL-8 level of 367.95 ± 32.61 pg/mL. Regarding IL-17, there was no significant difference between the 3-week measurement (415.63 ± 61.12 pg/mL) and the 7-week measurement (848.61 ± 54.29 pg/mL) in the vaccinated group, as well as the control group (819.46 ± 75.33 pg/mL). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the levels of IL-8 decreased, whereas there was variation in IL-17 levels after administering a second booster dose of the measles vaccine compared to normal subjects. These results contribute to our understanding of the immune response following a booster dose of the measles vaccine and highlight potential differences in the immune profile of vaccinated individuals compared to the control group.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"422 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45525069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Imatinib adherence in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Babylon Province, Iraq","authors":"Athmar Gatea, Mohammed Al-Jabory, Noor Baiee","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_306_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_306_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm that results in proliferation, mainly of granulocytic components. Resulting from t(9;22) with fusion oncogen BCR-ABL1 which has uninhibited tyrosine kinase activity. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as Imatinib, has significantly altered the management and prognosis of this condition, but poor adherence is still a significant factor in therapy failure. Objective: To measure chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients’ adherence to Imatinib treatment and to analyze potential reasons for poor adherence. Materials and Methods: The study included 52 CML patients in the chronic phase treated with Imatinib for at least 12 months; 30 of them were women and 22 were men, with a median age of 45 years. Patient adherence to Imatinib was assessed using the Morisky Medication adherence scale. Response to treatment was assessed by the evaluation of the level of BCR-ABL1 mutation in peripheral blood. Results: Out of 52 patients, 17 were adherent to Imatinib while 35 of them were nonadherent. The patient’s adherence status to Imatinib was found to have a significant effect on the response to treatment. The most common cause of nonadherence was forgetfulness. Age, sex, occupation, educational level, marital status, residence, duration of treatment, relation to meal time, taking other medications, and drug side effects have no significant effect on adherence. Conclusions: Adherence to Imatinib was poor and this has a negative impact on patients’ response to therapy. Patients’ forgetfulness was the most frequent reason for nonadherence, followed by drug-related patient disturbance.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"388 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48106744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionizing radiation-induced non-cancer diseases","authors":"Kharman Faraj","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_238_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_238_22","url":null,"abstract":"People are exposed to both natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation. The effects of high doses of radiation are known; however, the effects of low doses are still controversial. Several cohorts of epidemiological studies showed that high and low doses of ionizing radiation can induce noncancerous diseases in humans such as cardiovascular disease, brain injury, and liver disease. These diseases are classified as specific tissue reactions determined by threshold dose. In this article, the author reviews the role of radiation to induce the above nonmalignant diseases and outlines the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and diseases. At the end of the review evidence of the association between cardiovascular disease, brain injury, and liver disease and exposure to low and high doses of ionizing radiation was found through the presentation of several studies. Most epidemiological studies and authors have indicated an elevated risk of diseases upon exposure to low and high doses of the radiation","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"228 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42110446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological study of orthodontically treated patients recovering from COVID-19 in Babylon Province, Iraq","authors":"Basma Eidan, Thaer Al-Khafaji, Ahmed Abbas","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_308_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_308_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of the toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR2 in the blood and saliva of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) receiving orthodontic care in Babylon Province. Materials and Methods: Sixty serum and saliva samples were collected and divided into three groups of 20 patients: patients with COVID-19 who did not receive orthodontic treatment (group 1); patients with COVID-19 who received orthodontic treatment (group 2); and patients with COVID-19 who received orthodontic treatment and recovered (group 3). Thirty samples of serum and saliva from healthy outpatient clinics comprised the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the result. Results: TLR4 levels in saliva increased in all experimental groups (1–3) as compared with the control group. However, only COVID-19 patients and orthodontic patients in group 2 had elevated blood levels of TLR4, whereas the levels were reduced in the other two groups (1 and 3). All experimental groups showed an increase in TLR2 levels in saliva relative to the control group. In the first and second experimental groups, serum TLR2 concentrations increased dramatically, whereas they declined in the third group. There was no correlation between TLR4 and TLR2 in either group of patients. The concentrations of TLR4 and TLR2 in saliva were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"283 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46288612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Semaphorin 4D level in patients with different severities of periodontitis (observational case–control study)","authors":"Zahraa Alwan, Ayser Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_320_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_320_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal diseases are progressive, destructive, and inflammatory conditions of the tissues that support the teeth. An immune response is triggered by microbial dysbiosis in the sub-gingival biofilm. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a glycoprotein expressed by osteoclasts, T-cells, and activated B-cells involved in both immune response and bone remolding. Objectives: This study attempted to assess the salivary levels of Sema4D in patients with different severities (stages I–IV) of periodontitis in comparison to healthy control. Materials and Methods: A total of 171 participants of both genders were included into this case–control study. From the dental centers in Al-Najaf city and the Department of Periodontics in the College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, five groups were established for them: clinically healthy periodontium control group (19 subjects), Stage I periodontitis group (38 subjects), Stage II periodontitis group (38 subjects), Stage III periodontitis group (38 subjects), and Stage IV periodontitis group (38 subjects). The clinical periodontal parameters were examined after collecting whole unstimulated salivary samples from all individuals. The levels of Sema4D in saliva samples were estimated utilizing the ELISA technique. Statistical analysis used: ANOVA test, Games-Howell test, and Pearson correlation (r) test. Results: The findings revealed that the mean level of salivary Sema4D was the highest in the stage IV periodontitis group (758.11 ± 139.119), followed by stage III periodontitis group (725.815 ± 127.055), stage II periodontitis group (679.169 ± 121.993), stage I periodontitis group (601.742 ± 145.459), and control group (366.515 ± 47.635) respectively with a significant difference (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The periodontitis patients showed higher Sema4D levels in unstimulated saliva as compared to the control. Hence, this molecule may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"293 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employing e-learning tools and resource materials in the successful implementation of competency-based medical education in India","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"Competency-based medical education (CBME) has emerged as one of the modes of the curriculum which is built around a framework of competencies and plays an important role in the making of a healthcare professional who is competent enough to meet the health care needs of the society. The purpose of the current review was to explore the role of e-learning in enhancing learning in different domains of learning and identify the various e-learning resources. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 35 articles were selected based upon the suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. The search was carried out for a period of one month and all articles published between 2003 to 2021 were included. As only one search engine was used, there were no duplications. Keywords used in the search include e-learning and medical education in the title alone only. E-learning has been acknowledged as one of the significant curricular reforms, which has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in medical education in India. The basic rationale for the utility of e-learning in the medical curriculum originates from the fact that the syllabus is extremely vast and students have to study many subjects in a fully-packed schedule, and that cannot happen only within the classroom hours. E-learning can play an important role in the augmentation of cognitive, psychomotor, and attitudinal/communication skills through the optimal use of e-learning resources. To conclude, e-learning has emerged as an important approach to strengthen the process of implementation of competency-based medical education in Indian settings. The need of the hour is to acknowledge the merits of e-learning and plan strategies for the successful integration so that the overall process of CBME implementation can be strengthened and streamlined.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"223 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44345510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life among amputees: A mediating role of social support","authors":"R. AL-Jubori, A. Yasir, Nada Hindi","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_330_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_330_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social support for amputee patients can get them out of the atmosphere of illness or disability and inspire them with a great deal of optimism and hope and make them forget the missing part, even if temporarily. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life (QoL) among amputees. Materials and Methods: The research was carried included 250 clients who undergo lower and upper amputation, using a standardized questionnaire for measuring the social support and QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) of amputees who attended Babylon Rehabilitation Centers, Iraq. Data were collected using interviews on individual bases with the participants and analyzed by descriptive and inferential approaches. Results: The results indicate the average age of the women was 50 years (ranged 50–59 years), male (68.8%), married (61.2%), secondary school (38%), employment (34%), insufficient monthly income (41.2%), amputation due to conditions (48.4%), in lower extremities (56.4%) for more than 10 years on amputation (48.8%). The results show that social support is positively significant with physical QoL (r = 0.153; P = 0.000), psychological QoL (r = 0.235; P = 0.000), and social QoL (r = 0.170; P = 0.000). QoL among amputees was significant (positive) and related to social support (r = 0.250; P = 0.000). Conclusions: Amputees who receive social support from others develop self-confidence, can support others socially, are less likely to suffer from mental illnesses, and are better able to deal with frustration. We discover that social support boosts the individual’s capacity to withstand frustration and lessens a great deal of psychological anguish since the person can handle his problems in a sensible and good way. Strong social support from family, friends, and community members enables amputees to deal with challenges and live their life more successfully.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"315 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44121412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}