Medical Journal of Babylon最新文献

{"title":"Lead precipitation on the gingival tissue of Iraqi workers in some fuel stations in Baghdad","authors":"D. Sabea","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_614_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_614_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead usually is precipitated at the gingiva of the fuel station workers. Lead interacts with different molecules, thereby interfering with their function. An excess of lead contents could be toxic to the human body. Objectives: This proposed study was conducted for the evaluation of salivary lead level effect and the severity of gingival pigmentation in Iraqi fuel station workers. Materials and Methods: This study involves 40 individuals, who were asked to answer a questionnaire. The case sheet questions involve the personal details of participants such as gender, age, marital status, and working experience. It was filled by the participants. This is followed by an oral examination to assess the oral hygiene status and color of gingiva, then divided into three groups according to working period. To evaluate the level of lead within the saliva, it was estimated in teaching laboratories in Medical City by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as clinical evaluation of the intensity of gingival discoloration according to the gingival surface and dental sites. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics and descriptive statistics to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. Result: It was shown that gingival discoloration was noticed in 40% of the total sample with light brown to mixed brown/pink (average lead level = 5.74 mg/dL). In addition, 30% of the sample had a mixed brown/pink pigmentation (average lead level = 6.75 mg/dL) and the rest (30%) presented with mixed brown/pink to dark brown (average lead level = 10 mg/dL). The working periods range from 3 months to 10 years, the lowest value and the highest of lead in saliva were 8.3 and 11.8 mg/dL, respectively. The average of these values is 10.00 mg/dL. Conclusion: The intensity and severity of gingival pigmentation are directly associated with the level of salivary lead. Occupational safeties are essential for workers who are at high risk of exposure to avoid adverse effects of this metal on general health.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"164 1","pages":"614 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clotrimazole drops or miconazole cream which is better for fungal ear infection","authors":"Omar Bargas, Q. Khalaf, Mudhar Rasheed","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_333_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_333_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otomycosis is a common condition that the otolaryngologist faces in the clinic; proper treatment and follow-up are necessary for the complete resolution of the disease. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of topical Miconazole cream against clotrimazole drops in the treatment of otomycosis. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 200 patients are included, and they are divided into two groups randomly. In total, 100 patients are treated with clotrimazole drops, and the other 100 are treated with miconazole cream. They are assessed after 4 days and after 14 days of treatment to evaluate the improvement of the three main symptoms aural fullness, otalgia, and itching. Results: After assessment of the symptomatic improvement on Day 4 and Day 14, we can see that the improvement is better with cream usage, especially in the 1st few days, while no difference can be seen after finishing the whole course of treatment. Conclusion: For early clinical improvement and good patient preference, we advise the usage of creams over drops due to their easy application and acceptable regimen.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"28 1","pages":"651 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and study effect of some trace elements and some electrolytes in hyperlipidemia patients","authors":"Huda Duhaib, M. Ewadh, Tariq Mgheer","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_274_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_274_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Measuring electrolytes in the blood is considered one of the most common diagnostic techniques. Objectives: To assess sodium, potassium, zinc, and copper levels and examine the correlation between parameters and study their probable relation with hyperlipidemia in Babylon province. Materials and Methods: Sodium, potassium, zinc, and copper were estimated in one hundred subjects; 50 patients with hyperlipidemia and 50 healthy subjects participated in this study. The age of the patients and control groups ranged between 19 and 75 years. Sodium and potassium levels were assessed by colorimetric enzymatic technique, whereas the level of zinc and copper was assessed in serum by the flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Results: Serum levels of sodium and zinc displayed a significant decrease, whereas serum copper significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in hyperlipidemia patients compared with the control group. Serum potassium observed nonsignificant change (P-value > 0.05) in hyperlipidemia patients. On the other hand, copper and zinc correlated significantly with cholesterol, triglyceride, and sodium. Conclusion: Among hyperlipidemia patients in Babylon province, the variability in some trace elements and some electrolytes concentration indicate a significant relationship with hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"2 1","pages":"525 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric aspect of suicide in a sample of Iraqi people","authors":"Ali Al-Masoodi, Kareem Hussien, A. Yasir, Sahar Hassan, Mohammed Jawad","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_343_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_343_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. To identify risk factors for prevent suicide, it is essential to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: This study seeks to assess suicide symptoms in people of Babylon City and assesses the effect of factors that increase the suicide rate and to find sociodemographic and psychological factors that may influence the act of suicide and whether they differ from other suicide intensions prevailing in the world. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 57 patients with suicidal behavior who were admitted to at Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital in Babylon City, Iraq between 2021 and 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between suicide attempters and completers, and a correlation matrix was used to explore relationships between these characteristics. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.2 years, and the majority were women (63.2%) and single (56.1%). Previous suicide attempts were reported by 50 patients (87.7%). Hanging and poisoning were the most common methods of attempted suicide, whereas firearms were the most common method of completed suicide. Depression and anxiety were the most common co-morbid psychiatric conditions, and chronic pain was the most common co-morbid medical condition. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of screening for suicide risk factors and providing appropriate treatment for co-morbid psychiatric and medical conditions. The results also suggest that suicide prevention efforts may benefit from targeting younger individuals, for those who are single or have lower education levels, and those with a history of suicide attempts.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"50 1","pages":"547 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between TLR9 (rs148805533 Del/Ins) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Ohood Jawad, H. Shareef","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_366_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_366_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes’ polymorphisms and mutations have been linked to an increased risk of infection in general. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association among TLR9 (rs148805533 Del/Ins), gene polymorphism, and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Materials and Methods: Blood and sputum samples were collected from 70 patients with PTB and 30 healthy as a control group. Patients were diagnosed clinically by the specialized physician, in addition to use the acid-fast smear and culture on Lowenstein–Jensen. In addition, the molecular diagnostics technique was used by Gene Xpert device. The genotyping was carried out by using allele specific-polymerase chain reaction technique, and the TLR9 concentration was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of TLR9 polymorphism showed that the Ins/Ins allele, Del/Ins allele, and Del/Del allele genotypes frequencies at the site of (rs148805533) polymorphisms were significantly higher in PTB patients than the control groups (P = 0.05). The Ins/Ins allele genotype was the most frequent in PTB patients. In addition, the insertion allele was the most frequent in PTB patients and control groups. Conclusion: Our results indicated that in a sample of the local Iraqi population, the TLR9 (rs148805533) gene polymorphism may be a significant genetic determinant for PTB susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"64 1","pages":"463 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of mycoplasma pneumoniae and (rs9271366) HLA-DRB1gene polymorphism with the immune susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Wael Obaead Alfatlawi, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Adil Ali Akbar","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_191_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_191_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the immune system. The primary cause of RA is unknown, but there is evidence that genetic and environmental factors also contribute to the development of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between the RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The work was performed on 50 RA patients of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic of the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 to October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. HLA-DRB1, IL-6 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that compared with RA patients not infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and healthy subjects, serum IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in RA patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results showed that serum concentrations of HLADRB1 were significantly elevated in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae compared with RA patients not infected with M. pneumoniae and healthy subjects. Conclusions: In HLA-DRB1 the SNP rs9271366 was significantly associated with RA and G allele represent as dominant pathogenic allele in which the individual that carry GG and AG genotype have more susceptibility to mycoplasma infection than subjects that carry AA genotype (P = 0.036).","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"44 1","pages":"511 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of SPA-type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Urinary Tract Infection patient in Wasit Province, Iraq","authors":"R. Raheema, Dhilal Nasser, Zainab Chabuck","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_673_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_673_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus, a commonly occurring pathogen, is associated with severe diseases both in community and hospital settings and has been a significant concern for public health. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections have become widespread in many regions worldwide. Objective: The objective of their study was to employ polymerase chain reaction to identify certain virulence genes and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus strains. Materials and Methods: Initially, the identification of these isolates involved culture, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. S. aureus accounted for 36.4% of the growth observed. Results: The findings of antibiotic susceptibility testing for MRSA S. aureus indicated the highest resistance rates to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, followed by clindamycin and tetracycline. On the other hand, S. aureus showed maximum sensitivity to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was suggested that Imipenem and nitrofurantoin exhibited the least antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection patients. The DNA was extracted from the isolates, and the purity of the nucleic acid samples ranged from 1.8 to 2.0, while the concentration varied from 50 to 360 mg/μL. Molecular analysis of the genes showed that 33.3% of the isolates possessed the icaD gene, whereas none of the MRSA strains exhibited the presence of the icaA gene. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRSA strains among S. aureus isolates in hospitals located in Wasit Province. Moreover, a significant proportion of these MRSA strains exhibit robust biofilm production capabilities.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"82 1","pages":"619 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump among Proteus mirabilis isolated from cystitis patients in Hilla City, Iraq","authors":"H. Al-Kaim, H. Al-Dahmoshi","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_127_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_127_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proteus mirabilis is a prevalent profiteer pathogen that causes the Spartan human ailment. It has been identified as a urinary tract infection (UTI) etiological agent that adheres to uroepithelial cells and the catheter surface. The most important efflux system in P. mirabilis, acrAB-to1C, is elaborated not merely in antimicrobial conflict but also in ferocity. Objectives: The current research conducted to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile and acrAB-to1C efflux pump genes occurrence among P. mirabilis isolated from UTI patients. Materials and Methods: 515 urine cases were gathered from UTI patients, who visited urology consultancy clinics of three main hospitals and private clinic labs in Hilla City, Iraq. All mid-stream urine samples were cultured on diagnostic agars for P. mirabilis primary recognition and finally confirmed by16S rRNA gene PCR-sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed according to CLSI (2021), and then PCR detection of acrAB-to1C efflux pumps genes was observed. Results: The occurrence of P. mirabilis in the studied cases was 10.5% with 100% swarming isolates. The recovered isolates were extremely resistant to cefotaxime (100%), doxycycline (88.6%), minocycline (75.7%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.1%). In contrast, the isolates showed nonresistance to pipracillin-tazabactam (0%), meropeneme (0%) and tinier resistance to amikacine (1.4%), imipeneme (2.9%), levofloxacine (4.2), and ofloxacin (5.7%), MDR rate was 96%. Molecular investigation using PCR, revealed acrA, acrB, and tolC genes with a prevalence of 51.4%, 61.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the significant title role of acrAB-to1C efflux impel in increasing antibiotic tolerance in P. mirabilis with a high incidence of MDR, so the future insights may need to focus on efflux pumps inhibitor-antibiotic combination treatment as a preventive device.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"3 1","pages":"503 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gram-positive and negative bacteria associated with external ocular infection in Wasit province, Iraq","authors":"Mukal Hussein, R. Raheema, H. Melek, H. Al-Hindy","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_558_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_558_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In developing countries, ocular infections are a significant public health concern, particularly bacterial infections, which are common. This research aimed to estimate how often Gram-positive and negative bacteria are present in individuals who have external ocular infections in Wasit province. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-one eye swabs were gathered from patients with various eye infections in the consulting clinics of AL-Zahra Hospital between October 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022. Various bacterial colonies with different morphological and biochemical characteristics were detected through growth testing. Results: Of all the external ocular samples collected, 56 (46.2%) had a positive culture for bacterial pathogens. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive, accounting for 73.2% (41 cases) of the total. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the most commonly identified Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus hominis spp. Novobiosepticus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lugdunesis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and, among which, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 26.8% such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter sedlakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. DNA extraction and their purity and concentration were confirmed using Nanodrop. A monoplex pattern of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Gram-positive specific 16S rRNA. Conclusion: A majority of the bacterial strains identified in patients with ocular infections, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, also concluded that the largest percentage of eye infections was for patients who lived in rural areas, this explains the reason for the isolation of some bacterial species that inhabit animals such as S. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. pseudintermedius, S. vitulinus, S. cohnii, and L. mesenteroides. In addition, most of the bacterial species found in patients with eye infections were resistant to multiple drugs, indicating the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the study population, also concluded that the most prevalent forms of external ocular infections were blepharitis, followed by conjunctiva.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"8 1","pages":"600 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin and ferritin as indicators of breast cancer’s severity in overweight-postmenopausal women","authors":"Sarah Hamzah, Basim Abd, Mushtaq Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_362_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_362_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer–obesity association is a significant hazard that affects postmenopausal women in a special concern. The microenvironment created by adipose tissue appears to be the basis for the relation between obesity and breast cancer, and raised values of leptin and ferritin may be the risk for tumor development. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether elevated levels of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of postmenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer at Babylon Oncology Treatment Center in Merjan Medical City in Al-Hillah City, Babylon Governorate under the supervision of the Department of Medical physiology in Babylon Medical Faculty. The study extended from the start of September 2022 to the end of March 2023. The patients were divided into two groups according to the score of their body mass indexes (BMIs). The first group of patients (n = 138) included those with BMI > 30 kg/m2, whereas the second group (n = 102) included those with BMI < 30 kg/m2. The diagnosis of breast cancer and its pathologic subtypes were determined based on the results of tissue biopsy samples. Serum leptin and ferritin values were addressed using special biochemical kits. Results: Values of leptin and ferritin were higher in the first group of patients in comparison to the second group and statistically significant differences were present between the two groups regarding those parameters (P = 0.001 for leptin and 0.0001 for ferritin). Conclusion: Elevated values of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of breast cancer in postmenopausal women having elevated levels of BMIs.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"393 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}