Materials Today Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Process optimization and performance evaluation of back contact integrated cooling devices for CPV cells","authors":"Gábor Rózsás,&nbsp;Gábor Takács,&nbsp;Balázs Plesz,&nbsp;György Bognár","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their high efficiency, concentrator solar cells have one major issue: they produce a significant amount of waste heat. This leads to excessive temperatures inside the cell, which reduces the efficiency of the electrical conversion and shortens the life of the cell. Therefore, efficient cooling solutions are needed. In this paper, a novel approach for the cooling of concentrator solar cells is proposed. Compared to the solutions found in the literature, the proposed solution incorporates microchannels into the backside metal contact layer of the solar cell. This way, there are no restrictions regarding the semiconductor material, no decrease in mechanical stability, and no thermal interface material is required. First, the appropriate channel geometry and theoretical performance were determined for a 2 × 2 cm² solar cell using Siemens FloTherm computational fluid dynamics and an in-house analytical modelling tool written in ANSI C. The paper describes the step-by-step iterations of the design and the manufacturing process that were necessary to reach the theoretically calculated ideal performance. Hydrodynamic and thermal measurements were performed generation by generation, taking into account the results obtained from simulation results. For the latest generation, comparing the hydrodynamic properties at a flow rate of 80 cubic centimeters per minute, the difference between the simulated and the average difference of measured pressure drop values is 2.29 %. The measured data confirms that the partial thermal resistance of the microchannel-based cooling device is 0.32 K/W at a maximum applied pressure drop of 1 bar. This means that the temperature increment for a solar cell with a surface area of 4 cm² exposed to a concentration level of 100 suns is only 11.5 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101170"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embedded nanoparticle silk fibroin hydrogel as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for detection of methylene blue in water","authors":"Chukwuka Bethel Anucha ,&nbsp;Erwann Guenin ,&nbsp;Aline Percot","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is a powerful and attractive analytical detection technique capable of amplifying Raman signal of target molecules near or at the surface of plasmonic metal nanoparticles due to resonance and charge transfer effect. Silk fibroin (SF), a protein extracted from <em>Bombyx mori</em> cocoon has stirred interest for use as a SERS matrix due to ease of processing and workability into different material shapes for hosting SERS active materials. Water stabilized plasmonic nanoparticles (Nps) namely: Au, and Ag synthesized by facile green procedure and another synthesized form of Ag nanoparticles via Lee Meisel protocol (referred to here as Ag∗) were prepared, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Firstly, SERS detection activity tests of the Nps were performed in suspension over methylene blue (MB) as the model organic pollutant. The SF-AuNp, SF-AgNp, SF-AgNps∗ hydrogels were then prepared by previously developed enzyme cross-linking methodology. SEM, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the Nps containing hydrogels. SERS detection activity over MB was then extended to hydrogels containing Nps. Executed SERS test over MB analyte and under 785 nm excitation recorded 1.56 μM, 15.63 μM, and 15.63 μM respectively as concentration detection levels reached with Au-Nps, AgNps, AgNps∗ suspensions, while 0.27 μM, 0.27 μM, and 0.17 μM were respectively achieved in the case of SF-AuNps, SF-AgNps, and SF-AgNps∗ hydrogels SERS activity performance evaluation. From a general look, the best performing SF-AgNps∗ with a signal amplification factor of about 7.4 for tested Nps suspension, achieved over 400 signal amplification for the tested SF-AgNps∗ hydrogel material representing almost 60 times fold of enhancement obtained in comparison to Nps tested in solution. The inherent adsorption capability of the SF-Nps hydrogels in comparison to the suspension test, facilitated through the concentration of MB by the SF-Nps hydrogels matrix for detection, represents a promising strategy in the development of efficient environmental detection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly rock fracturing: Enhancing SREMA with calcium sulfate for sustainable mineral recovery","authors":"T. Kannangara ,&nbsp;P.G. Ranjith ,&nbsp;V.R.S. De Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the impact of calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) on the performance of Slow-Releasing Energy Material Agents (SREMAs) for in-situ mineral recovery (IMR). Comprehensive experimental analyses were conducted, including expansive pressure measurement, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed that incorporating 1 % CaSO₄ into SREMA formulations optimally enhances portlandite and ettringite formation, achieving a 15.3 % increase in expansive pressure (28.67 MPa) compared to the control mix. Rheological tests indicated improved workability and cohesiveness at this concentration, balancing flowability and washout resistance in water-saturated conditions. Excessive CaSO₄ (&gt;1 %) reduced performance by disrupting hydration dynamics and forming secondary phases. The findings underscore the synergistic role of CaSO₄ in promoting hydration efficiency and volumetric expansion, which could have implications for improving the performance of SREMAs in IMR applications. Future research is recommended to further optimize the system to increase the expansive pressure generation potential in SREMA through additive enhancements and nanoparticle integration for deep subterranean applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101167"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-organic framework-based robust and advanced materials for the absorptive and photocatalytic mitigation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water","authors":"Arooj Sarwar ,&nbsp;Bakhtawar Sajjad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Waqas ,&nbsp;Fareeha Shakeel ,&nbsp;Hira Jabir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Din ,&nbsp;Azeem Intisar ,&nbsp;Adeel Afzal","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in water poses a considerable environmental and health threat since they are among the most widely used remedies for pain, inflammation, and fever. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have shown significant potential for the absorptive and photocatalytic mitigation of NSAIDs. Their large surface area, adjustable pore structure, and catalytic characteristics make them excellent candidates for water treatment. Numerous investigations reported the remarkable ability of robust and advanced MOFs to adsorb NSAIDs. For instance, Zr-MOF (729.92 mg/g), Cu-II MOF (650 mg/g), UiO-66-(COOCu)₂ (624.3 mg/g), UiO-66-(COOFe)₂ (769.1 mg/g) and UiO66-NH₂ (555 mg/g) etc. have demonstrated remarkable adsorption capacities. On the other hand, as photocatalytic degradation is a low-cost and non-polluting method of converting pharmaceutical components into non-toxic compounds, it is another significantly important methodology for removing NSAIDs. Most NSAIDs are completely degraded by state-of-the-art MOF-derived Fe₂O₃/TiO₂, solar/MIL-88-A/PS system, vis/H₂O₂/HSO₃-MIL-53(Fe), g-C₃N₄/NH₂-MIL-125, NH₂/MgAl-LDH₃ and BN/Fe₃O₄/MIL-53(Fe) composites. This review offers a comprehensive method for effectively removing various kinds of NSAIDs using a variety of MOF-derived adsorbents and photocatalysts. A comprehensive understanding of the occurrence, role, toxicity, and comparison of various NSAIDs was also discussed in this review. However, some major MOFs related challenges and their possible solutions have also been discussed for creating a sustainable environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prospect and limitation of high entropy alloy as 4th industrial material","authors":"Emmanuel Olorundaisi,&nbsp;Peter A. Olubambi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as an innovative family of multi-principal element alloys with unique properties that position them as potential candidates for the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) materials. Characterized by their multi-principal element composition, HEAs exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and tailored functional properties. They leverage high configurational entropy to deliver superior performance over traditional alloys such as steel, aluminum, and titanium. HEAs have demonstrated remarkable potential in critical sectors, including aerospace, automotive, energy, and biomedicine, with examples like NbMoTaW in jet engines and TiZrNbTaMo in medical implants showcasing their versatility under extreme conditions. However, challenges such as high processing costs, difficulties in large-scale production, limited understanding of phase stability, and the need for advanced computational models to predict material behavior must be addressed. This paper explores the prospects of HEAs as the fourth industrial material, discussing their advantages, potential applications, and the limitations that must be overcome to realize their full industrial potential. By integrating emerging manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing and computational material design, HEAs could revolutionize material engineering and contribute significantly to Industry 4.0. Transitioning from niche innovations to industrial mainstays, mirroring the defining impact of steel in the First Industrial Revolution and silicon in the Third, thereby cementing their place at the forefront of Industry 4.0’s high-performance and sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on polyurethane-based membranes for enhanced CO2 separation: From molecular engineering to industrial scalability","authors":"Mohammad Salehi Maleh ,&nbsp;Alireza Bahrami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sajad Sepehri Sadeghian ,&nbsp;Sahar Kiani ,&nbsp;Hoda Asadimanesh ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Raisi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane technology, characterized by low energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, and operational simplicity, has been widely used for gas separation applications, especially for CO₂ capture. Various polymers have been designed to achieve superior gas separation efficiency. Among them, polyurethanes (PUs) have emerged as a versatile platform to develop gas separation membranes due to their ease of film formation, excellent flexibility, high elasticity and tensile strength, great chemical and thermal stability, and inherent affinity for CO₂. While pristine PUs display relatively low gas separation performance, they can be readily tailored to enhance it. This review first examines the synthesis procedures of PUs, the chemistry of the raw materials used in PU synthesis, and their chemical, structural, and morphological properties, including CO₂/gas separation properties. Second, the strategies adopted for the modification of the PU architectures to improve gas separation performance, such as polymer blending, block copolymer formation, polymer cross-linking, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) fabrication, and their hybrids (e.g., blending/MMM, cross-linking/MMM, etc.), are highlighted. Finally, various strategies are critically assessed in terms of their effectiveness in improving gas separation properties and feasibility for industrial manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101159"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of controlled low-strength materials with recycled coarse aggregate and metro shield spoil for backfill applications","authors":"Jinxing Shen ,&nbsp;Zhangge She ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Xu ,&nbsp;Wanting Sun ,&nbsp;Guangyuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a sustainable approach is proposed for reusing metro shield spoil (MSS) by the incorporation of with demolition and renovation waste (DRW) to produce controlled low-strength material (CLSM) that complies with established engineering standards. With an orthogonal experimental design, the effects of various DRW content on the workability and mechanical properties of CLSM are systematically investigated. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of DRW can remarkably enhance the particle distribution, leading to improvements in flowability and compressive strength. Particularly, the flowability of mixture can be increased from 155 mm to 230 mm, and the 28-day compressive strength reaches 1.81 MPa. Microstructure observation reveals that the introduction of DRW can bring about the change of pore structure, resulting in a more refined and optimized matrix. Additionally, a higher presence of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) gel and ettringite can be detected, which is attributed to the sulfate content in DRW. This sulfate-induced formation leads to an increase in strength, further validating the suitability of DRW-modified MSS as a promising, eco-friendly solution to produce CLSM. This work provides the potential of this innovative material as a viable, sustainable construction solution to address both waste recycling and performance optimization in civil engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101162"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of core-shell Y zeolite: A tandem microreactor facilitating efficient and targeted conversion of heavy oil macromolecules","authors":"Bo Qin ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanchao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhentao Chen ,&nbsp;Hang Gao ,&nbsp;Yanze Du ,&nbsp;Shuandi Hou ,&nbsp;Jiajun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Core-shell zeolites with a single crystal Y zeolite core and a polycrystalline shell composed of loosely accumulating nano-sized Y zeolite were designed and synthesized. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-Raman spectra, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization. The factors affecting the formation of core-shell zeolite were investigated and discussed in details. The results suggested that the properties of the starting Y zeolite core not only affect the formation of core-shell zeolite, but also decide the Si/Al ratios of the shell zeolite. The results also revealed that the initial secondary growth of primary nanocrystals in shell likes the brims rather than the faces of core crystals, and the firstly formed amorphous “fences” along the brims of the crystal faces play a vital important role in fabricating the core-shell composite because the “fences” contribute to collecting more precursors on the crystals faces. After longed by Ni, Mo active metal, the as-synthesized core-shell structured Y zeolite was evaluated during the hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO). As compared with Ni(Mo)/Y catalyst, the Ni(Mo)/Y@NY catalysts as a tandem microreactor exhibited an excellent hydrocracking performance. Specially, Ni(Mo)/Y@NY-3-24 catalyst displayed a higher conversion efficiency for VGO oil, with an increase in heavy naphtha yield by 1.47 %, a decrease in dry gas yield by 0.47 %, and a reduction in the bureau of mines correlation index (BMCI) value of tail oil by 0.7. This suggests that the fabricated core-shell microreactor holds more advantages in the hierarchically cracking and targeted conversion of macromolecules or super macromolecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-driven photovoltaics: Enhancing performance through water media in the active layer","authors":"Malkeshkumar Patel ,&nbsp;Md Arifur Rahman Barno ,&nbsp;Jessica Barichello ,&nbsp;Sanh Vo Thi ,&nbsp;Seunghee Cho ,&nbsp;Fabio Matteocci ,&nbsp;Aldo Di Carlo ,&nbsp;Ching-Ping Wong ,&nbsp;Joondong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex design strategies aimed at mitigating optical and thermal losses have resulted in significant improvements in the photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, these strategies often entail increased processing time, device complexity, and system cost. To address these limitations, a simple water-immersion strategy for silicon solar cells is proposed in this study. The water layer, with a low refractive index and in direct contact with the solar cell, reduces Fresnel reflectance and enhances light trapping, leading to improved diode and photovoltaic characteristics. Under standard AM1.5 illumination, the commercial PV cells in air, steady water, and flowing water show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.41 %, 23.42 %, and 22.87 %, respectively. With the optimal water depth, the cell in flowing water shows significantly enhanced and consistent onsite power generation, with the variation below 1 %. The immersion method also improves device performance across various light illumination wavelengths and intensities, maintaining a high PCE at 850 nm. The temperature of the solar cell in flowing water remained at 17 °C, ensuring high and reliable onsite power. This simple and cost-effective method presents as a promising high-performance and reliable strategy for solar power generation and may contribute significantly to the widespread deployment of renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable fused granulate fabrication: the effects of multiple recycling processes on mechanical properties of recycled polycarbonate","authors":"Phan Quoc Khang Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jojibabu Panta ,&nbsp;Tosin Famakinwa ,&nbsp;Richard (Chunhui) Yang ,&nbsp;Samantha Snabes ,&nbsp;Charlotte Craff","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of polycarbonate (PC) using a novel 3D printing technique such as fused granulate fabrication (FGF), focusing on the effects of multiple recycling cycles on thermal stability, mechanical properties and microstructural integrity. Thermal stability analysis of FGF-printed recycled polycarbonate (rPC) shows a 12.5 % decrease in glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>g</em>) and slight degradation in onset degradation temperature <em>T</em>_{<em>onset</em>} after 10 recycling cycles. FTIR spectra shows initial improvements in the rPC structure after the 1^st cycle, followed by degradation in subsequent cycles, confirming chain scission and reduced functional groups. Mechanical testing indicates that tensile strength increases from 54.96 MPa at the 1^st cycle–68.59 MPa at the 3^rd cycle due to improved polymer chain alignment but reduced significantly to 27.31 MPa by the 10^th cycle due to degradation. The maximum flexural strength of 76.4 MPa was oberved at the 3^rd cycleand then begins to decline from the 5^th onwards. Impact strength shows a steady decrease, from 3.29 kJ/m² at the 1^st cycle–2.4 kJ/m² at the 10^th cycle, reflecting molecular breakdown and reduced ductility. Fracture surface analysis reveals a transition from ductile to brittle failure as the number of recycling cycles increased. In terms of 3D printing efficiency, FGF significantly reduced printing time compared to fused filament fabrication (FFF), with up to an 84 % time saving, demonstrating the FGF potential as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for rPC. These results contribute to comprehensively understanding the trade-offs and benefits of using rPC in Additive Manufacturing, providing insights into the sustainable use of rPC for FGF-printed products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}