Malaria Journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin.","authors":"Boulais Yovogan, Armel Djènontin, Martin C Akogbéto, Arthur Sovi, Constantin J Adoha, Arsène Fassinou, Albert S Salako, Esdras M Odjo, Landry Assongba, Manfred Accrombessi, Edouard Dangbénon, Bénoît S Assogba, Idelphonse Ahogni, Antoine A Missihoun, Serge Akpodji, Fiacre Agossa, Roséric Azondékon, Come Zinsou Koukpo, Gil G Padonou, Corine Ngufor, Jackie Cook, Natacha Protopopoff, Louisa A Messenger, Clément Agbangla","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05308-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05308-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insecticide resistance amongst vector populations is a major challenge, exacerbated by the continued use of the same active ingredients. The present study assessed the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) bi-treated with chlorfenapyr-alphacypermethrin (PY-CFP LLIN) or pyriproxyfen-alphacypermethrin (PY-PPF LLIN) on the genetic structure of resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in 60 clusters divided into three arms from three districts in southern Benin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted between September 2019 and October 2021 in 123 villages grouped in 60 clusters. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using human landing catches (HLCs) in 4 households in each cluster every 3 months. After morphological identification, a subsample of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was analysed by PCR to detect the molecular species and the presence of L1014F vgsc-kdr and G119S-ace-1 mutations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anopheles coluzzii (56.9%) and An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (42.8%), with a few hybrids (0.2%), were identified within 4242 samples of An. gambiae tested. The frequency of L1014F vgsc-kdr decreased in An. coluzzii collected both indoors and outdoors locations in the PY-CFP LLIN and PY-PPF LLIN arms post-intervention compared to baseline. In An. gambiae, the frequency of the L1014F allele decreased in year one but increased above baseline in year 2. In both species, the allelic frequency of G119S-ace-1 was < 10%. For L1014F vgsc-kdr, the fixation index was positive (F_IS > 0) in both species. However, it was negative (F_IS < 0) for the presence of G119S-ace-1. Weak genetic differentiation, especially in the PY-PPF LLIN and PY-CFP LLIN arms (F_ST ≤ 0.05), was observed in An. gambiae s.s. populations with L1014F vgsc-kdr, while it was generally higher for both species with G119S-ace-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequency of the L1014F vgsc-kdr resistance allele was high, while that of the G119S-ace-1 allele was low throughout the study period. Consistent changes in allele frequencies were not observed in any of the treatment arms suggesting that the pyrethroid component of dual AI (active ingredients) nets continues to select for the resistant allele and there is little if any evidence that the non-pyrethroid insecticide selects for the wild-type kdr allele.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in silico evaluation of synthetic compounds derived from bi-triazoles against asexual and sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum.","authors":"Leandro do Nascimento Martinez, Minelly Azevedo da Silva, Saara Neri Fialho, Marcinete Latorre Almeida, Amália Dos Santos Ferreira, Aurileya de Jesus Gouveia, Welington da Silva Paula do Nascimento, Ana Paula de Azevedo Dos Santos, Norton Rubens Diunior Lucas Pejara Rossi, Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros, Natalie Ferreira Araújo, Quelli Larissa Oliveira de Santana, Carlos Roland Kaiser, Sabrina Baptista Ferreira, Maisa da Silva Araujo, Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05297-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05297-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advances in malaria chemotherapy, the disease continues to claim thousands of lives annually. Addressing this issue requires the discovery of new compounds to counteract resistance threatening the current therapeutic arsenal. In this context, bi-triazoles are substances with diverse biological activities, showing promise as lead compound to fight malaria. Triazoles are heterocyclic structures composed of five members, including three nitrogen atoms and two double bonds. Bi-triazoles, the focus of this study, are derivatives of triazoles consisting of two triazole rings (nitrogen heterocyclic) with isolated nuclei lacking a spacer and two substituents at each end. The goal of the present study was to assess the in vitro and in silico, antimalarial activity of bi-triazole compounds 14c, 14d, 13c, and 13d against asexual and sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For in silico predictions, the software OSIRIS, Molinspiration, and ADMETlab were employed. To determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) on the asexual forms, the W2 clone was used, while the strain NF54 was used to assess inhibition of sexual forms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the HepG2 cell line, and haemolysis tests were conducted. Additionally, the selectivity index (SI) of each compound was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In silico analyses of physicochemical properties revealed that all compounds have favorable potential for drug development. Pharmacokinetics predictions also provided important, novel insights into this chemical class. Antimalarial activity tests showed that compounds 14d and 13d exhibited promising activity, with IC₅₀ values of 3.1 and 4.4 µM, respectively. Antimalarial activity of compounds 14d and 13d may be related to the presence of methyl acetate in substituent R₂ conjugated to the bi-triazole. None of the compounds demonstrated cytotoxic or haemolytic activity, with SI values above 51 for the three most active compounds, highlighting their selectivity. For the sexual forms, compounds 14c and 14d were classified as having a high potential to block malaria transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the in vitro and in silico results showed that bi-triazole compounds may guide new biological investigation for malaria, enabling the identification and development of more active and selective antimalarial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody correlates of risk of clinical malaria in an area of low and unstable malaria transmission in western Kenya.","authors":"Eliud O Odhiambo, Kagan A Mellencamp, Bartholomew N Ondigo, Karen E S Hamre, James G Beeson, D Herbert Opi, David L Narum, George Ayodo, Chandy C John","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05300-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05300-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Defining antibody correlates of protection against clinical malaria in areas of low and unstable transmission is challenging because of limited malaria cases in these areas. Additionally, clinical malaria affects both adults and children in areas of low and unstable transmission, but it is unclear whether antibody correlates of protection against malaria differ with age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were obtained from 5753 individuals in Kenyan highland area with low and seasonal malaria transmission in 2007 and recorded episodes of clinical malaria in this population from 2007 to 2017. Using a nested case-control study design, participants who developed clinical malaria (cases) were matched by age and village to those who did not (controls). Immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, IgG3, IgA and IgM responses to 16 Plasmodium falciparum antigens were compared in individuals < 5 years old (80 cases vs. 240 controls), 5-14 years old (103 cases vs. 309 controls) and ≥ 15 years old (118 cases vs. 354 controls). Antibody level was correlated with risk of clinical malaria, adjusted for malaria exposure markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all age groups, most antibodies were not associated with risk of clinical malaria. In children < 5 years, higher levels of IgG to GLURP-R2 and MSP-2, IgG1 to GLURP-R2, and IgG3 to MSP-2 were associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria, while higher IgG3 levels to CSP were associated with increased risk of clinical malaria. In children 5-14 years and individuals ≥ 15 years, higher antibody levels to multiple P. falciparum antigens were associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria, and none were associated with decreased risk of clinical malaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antibody correlates of protection against clinical malaria were observed only in children < 5 years old in this area of low and unstable malaria transmission. In older children and adults in this area, some antibody responses correlated with increased risk of clinical malaria. Future studies in low malaria transmission areas should evaluate the comparative contributions of cellular and humoral immunity to protection from clinical malaria in young children versus older children and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational pilot study of an active surveillance tool to enhance pharmacovigilance in Brazil.","authors":"Dhelio Batista Pereira, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda, Pavandeep Bilkhu, Carolina Duarte, Ioana-Gabriela Fiţa, Felix Jackson, Siôn Jones, Ana Martin, Marcia Rangel, Katie Rolfe, Alex Teckkam, Roberto Zajdenverg, Anup Pingle","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05295-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05295-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Active surveillance involves systematically monitoring patients to seek detailed information about the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) following drug administration. The Seta technology was developed to improve active surveillance of AEs or pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries and geographically challenging areas. Seta actively solicits responses from participants via WhatsApp messages. The study aimed to determine whether Seta facilitated reporting of AEs and pregnancies to the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Malaria patients participating in the Tafenoquine Roll-out STudy (TRuST) in Brazil's Amazon region were invited to participate in this observational pilot study evaluating Seta. The study was conducted at two sites from 27 July 2022 to 28 October 2022. Seta sent messages to all participants on Day 7 and in Week 8 asking if they had experienced an AE or if they had become pregnant during the time since they took the malaria medication. If a participant responded \"yes\", a pharmacovigilance coordinator (PVC) called them to collect further details, which the PVC was then encouraged to report to ANVISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This pilot study included 149 participants, 50 from Manaus and 99 from Porto Velho. On Day 7, 117 (79%) of 149 participants responded to WhatsApp messages generated by Seta asking whether they had experienced an AE or become pregnant; 45 participants responded \"yes\". At Week 8, 64 (55%) of the Day 7 responders also responded, 10 of whom indicated that they had experienced an AE or become pregnant. A total of 55 follow-up calls were therefore attempted by PVCs, of which, 25 (45%) were answered and allowed for reporting of AEs and pregnancies, as appropriate, to ANVISA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This observational pilot study provides insights into how digital reporting tools such as Seta can enhance pharmacovigilance in remote areas and build upon existing signal detection methodologies. Twenty-five AEs or pregnancies were reported to ANVISA that were unlikely to have been reported otherwise.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in two villages of northeastern Tanzania between 2003 and 2021 in relation to vectors, interventions and climatic factors.","authors":"Eric Lyimo, Neema B Kulaya, Lembris Njotto, Nancy A Kassam, Samwel Gesase, Anangisye Malabeja, Edwin A Liheluka, Joyce R Mbwana, Vito Baraka, Michael Alifrangis, Reginald A Kavishe, Thomas Lavstsen, Bruno P Mmbando, Thor G Theander, Daniel T R Minja, John P A Lusingu, Christian W Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05311-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05311-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria, which affects over half of the world's population, is controlled through clinical interventions and vector control strategies. However, these efforts are threatened by resistance to anti-malarial drugs and insecticides, as well as affected by environmental, ecological, and climatic changes. This study examined changes in malaria prevalence and related factors based on data from 18 cross-sectional surveys conducted in two villages in northeastern Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2003 to 2021, annual cross-sectional malariometric surveys were conducted in two study villages, Mkokola (lowland) and Kwamasimba (highland), samples collected to determine Plasmodium falciparum infection and human exposure to malaria vector Anopheles. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for comparing proportions, logistic and linear regressions test were used analyse associations. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to analyse the relationship between malaria prevalence and climatic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Malaria prevalence in Kwamasimba and Mkokola dropped from ~ 25% and ~ 80% to 0% and 1%, respectively, between 2003 and 2011, reaching 0% in both villages by 2014. This decline was associated with increased bed net use and reduced exposure to Anopheles bites. However, between 2018 and 2021, prevalence resurged, with Kwamasimba reaching 2003-2004 levels despite high bed net use. Between 2003 and 2021 there was an increasing trend in average monthly maximum temperatures (R2 = 0.1253 and 0.2005), and precipitation (R2 = 0.125 and 0.110) as well as minimum relative humidity (R2 = 0.141 and 0.1162) in Kwamasimba and Mkokola villages, respectively, while maximum relative humidity slightly decreased. Furthermore, during 2003-2011, malaria prevalence was positively associated with temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity, while precipitation showed a negative association (Estimate:- 0.0005, p < 0.001). Between 2012-2021, all climatic factors, including temperature (Estimate: 0.0256, p < 0.001), maximum temperature (Estimate: 0.0121, p < 0.001), relative humidity (Estimate: 0.00829, p < 0.001), and precipitation (Estimate: 0.000105, p < 0.001), showed positive associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From 2003 to 2014, malaria prevalence declined in two Tanzanian villages but resurged after 2018, particularly in highland Kwamasimba. Most likely, vector dynamics affected by changing climatic conditions drove this resurgence, emphasizing the need for adaptive, climate-informed malaria control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Attractive targeted sugar baits for malaria control in western Kenya (ATSB-Kenya): enrolment characteristics of cohort children and households.","authors":"Alice Kamau, Kizito Obiet, Caroline Ogwang, Daniel P McDermott, Maia Lesosky, Julia Janssen, Wycliffe Odongo, Julie R Gutman, Jonathan S Schultz, Wycliffe Nicholas, Brian Seda, Mercy Chepkirui, Frank Aduwo, Oliver Towett, Kephas Otieno, Martin J Donnelly, Eric Ochomo, Simon Kariuki, Aaron M Samuels, Feiko O Ter Kuile, Sarah G Staedke","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05274-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05274-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attractive targeted sugar baits series in Malaria Journal.","authors":"Richard W Steketee","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05309-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05309-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing fitness costs in malaria parasites: a comprehensive review and implications for drug resistance management.","authors":"Xyonane Segovia, Bhavya Srivastava, Sergio Serrato-Arroyo, Ashley Guerrero, Silvie Huijben","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05286-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05286-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) remains a broadly effective anti-malarial drug combination, but the emergence of resistance is threatening its effectiveness. Limiting the spread of these drug-resistant parasites and delaying the emergence of resistance in new areas are of high priority. Understanding the evolution of resistance relies on discerning the fitness costs and benefits associated with resistance mutations. If the cost associated with resistance in an untreated host is sufficiently large relative to the benefit of resistance in a treated host, then the spread of resistance can be mitigated by ensuring sufficient hosts free from that active pharmaceutical ingredient. There is no straightforward way to measure these fitness costs, and each approach that has been used has its limitations. Here, the evidence of fitness costs as measured using field data, animal models, and in vitro models is reviewed for three of the main current or past first-line treatments for malaria: chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and artemisinin derivatives (ART). Despite the difficulties of assessing fitness costs, there is a good amount of evidence of fitness costs in drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The most persuasive evidence comes from resistance reversal observed following the cessation of the use of chloroquine. Comparable evidence cannot be obtained for SP- and ART-resistant parasites, due to the absence of complete cessation of these drugs in the field. Data from in vitro and animal models are variable. While fitness costs are often observed, their presence is not universal across all resistant strains. The extent and nature of these fitness costs can vary greatly depending on the specific genetic factors involved and the ecological context in which the parasites evolve. As a result, it is essential to avoid making broad generalizations about the prevalence or impact of fitness costs in drug-resistant malaria parasites. Focusing on fitness costs as a vulnerability in resistant parasites can guide their evolutionary trajectory towards minimizing their fitness. By accurately predicting these costs, efforts to extend the effectiveness of anti-malarials can be enhanced, limiting resistance evolution and advancing malaria control and elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access and usage of malaria control measures by women of reproductive age in Mopeia Mozambique.","authors":"Patricia Nicolas, Saimado Imputiua, Eldo Elobolobo, Júlia Montañà, Vegovito Vegove, Humberto Munguambe, Paula Ruiz-Castillo, Hansel Mundaca, Edgar Jamisse, Aina Casellas, Nika Gorski, Matthew Rudd, Regina Rabinovich, Francisco Saúte, Charfudin Sacoor, Carlos Chaccour","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05306-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05306-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria presents a disproportionate threat to pregnant women, making access to malaria prevention tools crucial for controlling the disease in this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective descriptive study targeted women of reproductive age (13-49 years old) living in the Mopeia district, a high malaria endemic area in Zambezia province, Mozambique. As part of the BOHEMIA cluster randomized trial, the study included a simplified and full census to collect data on socio-demographic, socio-economic and household factors, health status, and malaria prevention tools from the target population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 7,099 women of reproductive age living in the BOHEMIA clinical trial study area was collected, including 497 (7.0%) self-referred as pregnant. Access to malaria vector control tools was high, with 89.9% of women self-referred as pregnant, 87.9% of women self-referred as not- pregnant living in a household with at least one long-lasting insecticidal net and 69.6% of women self-referred as pregnant and 73.4% of women self-referred as not-pregnant living in household that received indoor residual spraying in the past 12 months. Intermittent preventive treatment coverage was moderate-low, with 53.1% of women self-reported as pregnant having taken at least one dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that women of reproductive age in the highly-endemic Mopeia district have good access to malaria vector control tools. However, intermittent preventive treatment coverage remains below World Health Organization-recommended levels. Focused efforts are needed to improve this coverage, and continuous monitoring along with tailored interventions are essential for achieving optimal prevention outcomes among vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting community participation in drone-based larviciding using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) for bio-control of malaria vectors in Rwanda.","authors":"Dunia Munyakanage, Elias Niyituma, Alphonse Mutabazi, Xavier Misago, Clarisse Musanabaganwa, Eric Remera, Eric Rutayisire, Mamy Muziga Ingabire, Aimable Mbituyumuremyi, Mathew Piero Ngugi, Elizabeth Kokwaro, Domina Asingizwe, Emmanuel Hakizimana, Claude Mambo Muvunyi","doi":"10.1186/s12936-025-05310-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12936-025-05310-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a significant health issue in Rwanda. Primary malaria prevention methods include insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying as core interventions. Mosquito repellents, larval source management (LSM), and housing improvement are recommended as supplemental vector control methods. A 2020-2021 study in rice field habitats of peri-urban of Kigali City successfully evaluated the entomological and epidemiological impacts of drone-based larviciding using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study employed a concurrent mixed-methods design to assess community knowledge, perception, acceptance, and willingness to participate in drone-based larviciding for malaria control in Kigali City. A total of 248 respondents participated in the quantitative survey interviews while five focus group discussions (FGDs), each comprising 10-12 participants, were conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and R software, with logistic regression applied to identify factors influencing community participation. Qualitative data were manually coded and analysed thematically to complement the quantitative findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants showed widespread knowledge of malaria transmission and prevention, with high awareness of the importance of larviciding. A strong support of 96.4% expressed willingness to accept drone-based larviciding, including financial and free labour support. Factors influencing willingness to participate include occupation in rice and vegetable farming and mining (95% CI - 3.053 to - 0.169, p = 0.029), mosquito exposure (95% CI - 5.706 to - 1.293, p = 0.004). Participants highlighted drone-based larviciding role in reducing mosquitoes and malaria risk and recommended it's scaling up as a core component of integrated vector management (IVM).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights strong community awareness and acceptance of drone-based larviciding, with its effectiveness in reducing mosquito abundance and malaria risks, along with the safety of Bti and drones. The findings advocate integrating drone-based larviciding into national malaria control strategies by enhancing community education, building local expertise, and adopting innovative financing mechanisms for scalability and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18317,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}