Medical biology最新文献_第2页

GABA and affective disorders. GABA和情感性障碍。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

K G Lloyd, P L Morselli, G Bartholini

{"title":"GABA and affective disorders.","authors":"K G Lloyd, P L Morselli, G Bartholini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Recently sufficient evidence has accumulated to propose that a central GABAergic dysfunction may be primarily related to the pathology of affective disorders and that antidepressant mechanisms (pharmacological or electroconvulsive therapy, ECT) have an intrinsic GABAergic component. In depressed patients GABA levels are reported to be low in the CSF and plasma, and GABA synthesis is decreased in some brain areas, including the frontal cortex. GABAmimetics such as progabide and fengabine exert a therapeutic effect in depression. In behavioural laboratory models GABAmimetics exhibit antidepressant-like actions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat and in rats submitted to an inescapable shock (learned helplessness). Furthermore, antidepressant GABAmimetics decrease paradoxical sleep. In the olfactory bulbectomized rat, GABAB receptors are downregulated in the frontal cortex and in the learned helplessness model, GABA release is diminished in the hippocampus. These decreases are reversed by antidepressants in parallel with their behavioural activities. An intrinsic activity of widely varied antidepressants and ECT is the upregulation of GABAB receptors in the frontal cortex. This, together with the downregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors induced by these compounds, and the GABAB modulation of the beta-adrenergic second messenger system, strongly suggest that both GABAergic and beta-adrenergic responses are inherent to an antidepressant effect.","PeriodicalId":18313,"journal":{"name":"Medical biology","volume":"65 2-3","pages":"159-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13958952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 酒精戒断综合征的机制。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

M M Airaksinen, P Peura

引用次数: 0

Cerebral monoamine neurotransmitters in opioid withdrawal and dependence. 阿片类药物戒断和依赖中的脑单胺类神经递质。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

L Ahtee, L M Attila

引用次数: 0

Recent progress in the research of Alzheimer's disease. 阿尔茨海默病的研究进展。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

P J Riekkinen, V Laulumaa, J Sirviö, H Soininen, E L Helkala

{"title":"Recent progress in the research of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"P J Riekkinen, V Laulumaa, J Sirviö, H Soininen, E L Helkala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to survey some of the recent advances made in the understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying cognitive functions and dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), which are involved in AD, have been related to certain memory functions. Information processing, attention or arousal may, however, be influenced by nbM neurons more than primary memory mechanisms. Perforant pathway and subiculum projections, which presumably use glutamate as a neurotransmitter, are involved in AD leading to the disconnection of the hippocampus from the neocortical areas. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex seem to play an important role in learning and memory. The hippocampus can be regarded as a relay station for the processing of recent episodic memory, but information is bound to memory storage in the cortical association areas. An important finding has been the plasticity changes in the hippocampus seen after the destruction of entorhinal cortex. Antemortem markers of AD have been under extensive study. Alz-50 antigen may be one of the most promising findings in this area, but no definite biological marker of AD currently exists. A medication for treatment of AD is also under development.","PeriodicalId":18313,"journal":{"name":"Medical biology","volume":"65 2-3","pages":"83-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14437026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogenic amines in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. 调节清醒和睡眠的生物胺。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

I Hilakivi

引用次数: 0

Aluminum deposition in the central nervous system. Preferential accumulation in the hippocampus in weanling rats. 铝沉积在中枢神经系统。断奶大鼠海马的优先积累。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

F Santos, J C Chan, M S Yang, J Savory, M R Wills

{"title":"Aluminum deposition in the central nervous system. Preferential accumulation in the hippocampus in weanling rats.","authors":"F Santos, J C Chan, M S Yang, J Savory, M R Wills","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, citrate, and aluminum-containing phosphate binders is frequently used in patients with chronic renal failure. In order to investigate whether citrate may represent a risk factor of aluminum intoxication, 16 Sprague-Dawley weanling rats were randomly assigned to four groups: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 at 16 ng/kg/day was given to all groups except the control; in addition, two groups received either aluminum hydroxide at 160 mg elemental aluminum/kg/day, or aluminum citrate at 160 mg elemental aluminum/kg/day, respectively. The control group received only the vehicle. Extremely high aluminum concentrations were detected in the hippocampus of rats receiving aluminum compounds. This content of aluminum (microgram/g dry weight) was far higher than that found in other brain areas of the same animals (146.40 +/- 51.23 versus 4.49 +/- 0.62, P less than 0.001) as well as that detected in the hippocampus of the control animals (2.73 +/- 0.40). Thus, in non-uremic, weanling rats supplemented with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, the administration of aluminum favors selective accumulation in the hippocampus. No differences between aluminum hydroxide and aluminum citrate administration were observed.","PeriodicalId":18313,"journal":{"name":"Medical biology","volume":"65 1","pages":"53-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14735482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

C Sebban, B Tesolin, A Shvaloff, K Le Roch, P Berthaux

引用次数: 0

Localisation of gastric histamine: immunocytochemical observations. 胃组胺的定位:免疫细胞化学观察。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

R Håkanson, F Sundler

引用次数: 0

Histofluorescence studies of monoamine neurons in the rat brain after cobaltous acetate intoxication. 醋酸钴中毒大鼠脑单胺神经元的组织荧光研究。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

M Smiałowska, T Bugera-Piecuch, A Bal, M Smiałek

引用次数: 0

Biology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their role in squamous cell carcinogenesis. 人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的生物学及其在鳞状细胞癌变中的作用。

Medical biology Pub Date : 1987-01-01

K J Syrjänen

{"title":"Biology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their role in squamous cell carcinogenesis.","authors":"K J Syrjänen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Current data implicating the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in squamous cell carcinogenesis may be summarised as follows: animal models have shown that PVs can induce malignant transformation; HPV involvement in both benign and malignant human squamous cell tumours has been demonstrated by morphological, immunohistochemical and DNA hybridisation techniques; HPV infections in the genital tract are venereally transmitted and are associated with the same risk factors as cervical carcinoma; the natural history of cervical HPV lesions is similar to that of CIN, namely, they have the potential to develop into carcinoma in situ; malignant transformation of PV-induced lesions seems to depend on virus type and the physical state of its DNA, e.g., whether or not it is integrated in the host cell DNA; malignant transformation most probably requires synergistic actions between the PVs and chemical or physical carcinogens, or other infectious agents; genetic disposition (at least in animals) significantly contributes to malignant transformation; immunological defence mechanisms of the host are probably capable of modifying the course of PV infections (efficacy in man remains to be elucidated). Many details of the molecular mechanisms, however, still remain to be clarified. Although BPV1 is capable of transforming fibroblasts, the way that papillomaviruses transform epithelial cells is unclear. Which gene is capable of inducing the limited cell proliferation in benign lesions? No model systems exist to provide the answer nor to elucidate the progression to malignant cells and then to invasive cancer. Improved tissue culture systems for in vitro differentiation of keratinocytes should help in elucidating the biology of papillomaviruses and their interaction with cell division and differentiation.","PeriodicalId":18313,"journal":{"name":"Medical biology","volume":"65 1","pages":"21-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14171352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0