Materials Engineering eJournal最新文献

{"title":"A Possibility to Synchronously Improve the High-Temperature Strength and Ductility in Face-Centered Cubic Metals Through Grain Boundary Engineering","authors":"Xiao Wu Li, F. Shi, H. Ji, X.W. Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3595044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3595044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To examine the influence of grain boundary engineering (GBE) on the high-temperature mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (FCC) metals, the tensile tests were carried out at 723 K on the non-GBE and GBE Cu-16at.%Al alloy samples. The GBE treatment increases the deformation uniformity and cracking resistance, thus effectively improves the high-temperature ductility. Moreover, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the GBE sample is significantly suppressed due to the reduction of the Gibbs free energy, impeding the high-temperature softening. Therefore, the high-temperature strength and ductility of FCC metals might be synchronously improved by a GBE treatment under the premise that DRX occurs.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77208579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Cell Membrane-Based Peptide Delivery System Targeting to Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis","authors":"Xiangzhou Meng, Jiaojiao Wang, Qingmei Tian, Qie Bo, Zhou Gan, Duan Wei, Zhu YiMin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3708570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3708570","url":null,"abstract":"The development of effective delivery system for peptides targeting to the tumor microenvironment has always been a hot topic in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy. A multifunctional delivery system by encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) with tumor cell membrane obtained by hypotonic lysis followed by mechanical fragmentation was constructed to effectively deliver therapeutic peptides. SPIO nanoparticles were encapsulated with H460 lung cancer cell membranes (SPIO NP@M) and peptides consisted of PD-L1 inhibitory peptide (TPP-1) and MMP2 substrate peptide (PLGLLG) was conjugated to H460 membrane (SPIO NP@M-P). The abilities of homologous targeting, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and tumor targeting ability of SPIO NP@M-P were evaluated. TPP-1 peptide was delivered and released to the tumor microenvironment through the homotypic effect of tumor cell membrane and specific digestion by the tumor specific enzyme, MMP2. The newly developed delivery system (SPIO NP@M-P) for PD-L1 inhibitory peptide could effectively extend the half-life of the peptides (60 times longer) and meanwhile maintain the ability to re-activate T cell and inhibit the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SPIO NPs in the system could be used as a tumor imaging agent and thus indicate the effect of peptide treatment. The SPIO NP@M might provide a promising theranostic platform for therapeutic peptide application in cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cooperative Approach to Extend Cellular Coverage via D2D Architecture based on OLSR Protocol","authors":"Youssef Lmoumen, Y. Ruichek, R. Touahni","doi":"10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12506","url":null,"abstract":"The access part of all cellular network’s generation suffers from common concerns related to dead spots (zones that are not covered by the network) and hot spots (zones where the number of users is higher compared to network resources). During the last decade, lots of research proposals have tried to overcome cellular problems through multi-hop D2D architecture, which is a new paradigm allowing the direct communication between devices in cellular network to enhance network performances and improve user QoS. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop D2D architecture based on the OLSR protocol to extend cellular coverage. Cell-OLSR, which is the proposed adaptation of OLSR for our architecture, allows the exchange of cellular parameters between nodes to choose the best proxy device to forward data to the cellular base station (BS).","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77312083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Nano-Diffusion-Couple for Studying High Temperature Diffusion in Compositionally Complex Superalloys","authors":"Y. Eggeler, D. Kubacka, P. Pichler, Mingjian Wu, E. Spiecker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680335","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new approach for the quantitative study of high-temperature diffusion in compositionally complex superalloys on the nano-scale. As key element, the approach utilizes the γ/γ'-microstructure itself as intrinsic nano-diffusion-couple. By establishing equilibrium at one temperature followed by annealing at a different temperature, well-defined transient states are generated which are studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate this approach for a high-performance multi-component superalloy. The temporal evolution of element concentrations is consistently revealed for γ- and γ'-forming elements and is compared to multi-component diffusion simulations. Excellent agreement is obtained for Ni, Co, and Cr whereas diffusion of Al and, in particular, Re lacks behind in the experiment. Finally, it is demonstrated that transient states can also be captured by in-situ TEM using chip-based heating devices. The nano-diffusion-couple approach offers great opportunities for diffusion studies in compositionally complex superalloys and might be extended to other two-phase multicomponent systems.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79370901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D Ti 3C 2T x Mxene Couples Electrical Stimulation to Promote Proliferation and Neural Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells","authors":"Rongrong Guo, M. Xiao, Wanyu Zhao, Shan Zhou, Yangnan Hu, Menghui Liao, Shengping Wang, Xiaowei Yang, R. Chai, Mingliang Tang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3677369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3677369","url":null,"abstract":"Preclinical studies involving stem cells require efficient physiochemical regulations on the fate of such cells. Because of their unique planar structure, metallic conductivity, and flexible surface functionalization, MXenes show potential for modulating stem cell fate. Here, the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets are dispersed on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). When primary mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) are cultured on laminin-coated Ti3C2Tx MXene film, they form stable adhesion, retain their proliferative ability, and show extensive spreading of terminal extensions . With respect to their functional activity, NSCs cultured on Ti3C2Tx MXene films form more active and synchronous network activity than those cultured on TCPS substrates. Moreover, Ti3C2Tx MXene film significantly promotes the neural differentiation and the neurons have longer neurites and greater numbers of branch points and branch tips. NSC-derived neurons grown on the Ti3C2Tx MXene film preserved normal synapse development. Finally, electrical stimulation coupled with Ti3C2Tx MXene film significantly enhances the proliferation of NSCs. These results indicate that Ti3C2Tx MXene is an efficient interface for the proliferation and neural differentiation of NSC and the maturation of NSC-derived neurons, which expands the potential uses of the MXene family of materials and provides new strategies for stem cell studies.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85771514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Al-CuO Composite Fabricated Via In-Situ Solid-State Reaction","authors":"X. Rong, Dongdong Zhao, C. He, C. Shi, E. Liu, N. Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674681","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to native deficiency of the interfacial mismatch between Al2O3 and Al-melt, as well as micron-Al2O3 segregation at matrix grain boundaries (GBs), achieving both high strength and fracture toughness has been the long-lasting challenge for Al-CuO composite fabricated by conventional casting. Herein, we report a novel manufacturing of Al-CuO composite via shift-speed ball-milling (SSBM) of Al-5 wt.% CuO powders and afterwards subjected to hot-pressing (HP) as well as heat treatment. Comprehensive characterization shows that in-situ generation of the two types of Al2O3 with intragranular distribution, including δ*-Al2O3 particles (~200 nm) and γ-Al2O3 whiskers (length of ~150 nm, thickness of ~20 nm), was governed by a diffusion-assisted nucleation-regime ascribing to the intense thermal effect of Al-CuO reaction. The size and spatial distribution of Al2O3 were emphasized to address their contribution to the high mechanical performance of the composite, which exhibits a tensile strength of ~481 MPa and fracture elongation of ~16.8 %. Meanwhile, the toughening mechanism of present Al-CuO composite was rationalized on basis of the \"dislocation punched zone\" and \"plastic zone\" affected by Al2O3. Both the theoretical analysis and fracture morphology support a reinforcements-matrix interface failure mechanism and the non-uniform distribution of Al2O3 consisting alternant \"rich/poor zones\" can markedly contribute to the high toughness. The present findings may provide a promising strategy to achieve an intragranular distribution of nano-sized reinforcements in Al-metal oxides composites, which enables increasing strength and ductility of the metal matrix.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"372 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76432176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Data Access","authors":"Małgorzata Śmietanka, Hirsh Pithadia, P. Treleaven","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696609","url":null,"abstract":"Federated learning is a pioneering privacy-preserving data technology and also a new machine learning model trained on distributed data sets. \u0000 \u0000Companies collect huge amounts of historic and real-time data to drive their business and collaborate with other organisations. However, data privacy is becoming increasingly important because of regulations (e.g. EU GDPR) and the need to protect their sensitive and personal data. Companies need to manage data access: firstly within their organizations (so they can control staff access), and secondly protecting raw data when collaborating with third parties. What is more, companies are increasingly looking to ‘monetize’ the data they’ve collected. However, under new legislations, utilising data by different organization is becoming increasingly difficult (Yu, 2016). \u0000 \u0000Federated learning pioneered by Google is the emerging privacy- preserving data technology and also a new class of distributed machine learning models. This paper discusses federated learning as a solution for privacy-preserving data access and distributed machine learning applied to distributed data sets. It also presents a privacy-preserving federated learning infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86673733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance Low Complexity Multitarget Tracking Filter for a Array of Non-directional Sensors","authors":"C. Thron, Khoi Tran, J. Raquepas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692133","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops an accurate, efficient filter (called the `TT filter') for tracking multiple targets using a spatially-distributed network of amplitude sensors that estimate distance but not direction. Several innovations are included in the algorithm that increase accuracy and reduce complexity. For initial target acquisition once tracking begins, a constrained Hessian search is used to find the maximum likelihood (ML) target vector, based on the measurement model and a Gaussian approximation of the prior. The Hessian at the ML vector is used to give an initial approximation of the negative log likelihood for the target vector distribution: corrections are applied if the Hessian is not positive definite due to the near-far problem. Further corrections are made by applying a transformation that matches the known nonlinearity introduced by distance-only sensors. A set of integration points is constructed using this information, which are used to estimate the mean and moments of the target vector distribution. Results show that the TT filter gives superior accuracy and lower complexity than previous alternatives such as Kalman-based or particle filters.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Formation of Molybdenum Borides at Hardfacing by Arc Welding with Flux-Cored Wires Containing a Reaction Mixture of B4C/Mo","authors":"P. Prysyazhnyuk, L. Shlapak, O. Ivanov, S. Korniy, L. Lutsak, M. Burda, I. Hnatenko, V. Yurkiv","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206568","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study into the formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties of arc welding coatings by the flux-cored electrode materials from the Fe-Mo-B-C system. The welding alloys were applied using the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) electrodes, which consisted of a shell made from the low-carbon steel filled with a reaction powder mixture that contained boron carbide and molybdenum in a ratio of 1:1. The calculation of the phase composition of alloys that correspond to the surfaced layers by a CALPHAD method using the Thermo-Calc OpenCalphad software shows that under the equilibrium conditions the boride phases of molybdenum and ferrite cannot co-exist. The main phase of such alloys is a FeMo 2 B 2 compound, which forms the eutectics with austenite. Given that the eutectic structures with borides are characterized by high brittleness, the introduction of components was conducted in the form of a reaction mixture in order to obtain the in situ formed boride phases in the form of separate structural components. Analysis of the results of studying the microstructure and phase composition of coatings reveals that they consist of three main structural components: the eutectic (FeMo 2 B 2 +ferrite) and the grains of molybdenum tetraboride MoB 4 . Thus, under the conditions of arc welding using the reaction mixture, an irregular structure is formed, which is favorable in terms of ensuring wear resistance due to the high microhardness of MoB 4 >27 GPa. The hardness of the coatings obtained is at the level of 63–65 HRC, and the wear resistance is higher compared to standard high-chromium alloys (grades Т620 and Т590) by 2‒2.5 times. This makes it possible to recommend the coating of a given system for hardfacing the working surfaces of equipment in the coal, processing, woodworking industries, etc., where abrasive wear is the dominant type of surface wear","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Material Surface Defect Intensity by Distributed Cumulative Histogram and Clustering","authors":"R. Melnyk, R. Kvit","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210151","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is a distributed cumulative histogram of a digital image and its advantages for auto-mated determination of the location and intensity of defects of different nature on the surfaces of materials: metal, paper, etc. The technique considered in the study is aimed at minimization of human interference in the process of material surface control from the moment of its photographing to the moment of making a decision about the surface quality.<br><br>Three-dimensional distributed cumulative histogram (DCH) is presented as a two-dimensional image in which the pixel intensity corresponds to the third dimension – the number of pixels of a certain intensity in the original surface image. Informative distributed cumulative histogram (IDCH) is used to recognize black, dark and light defects, and to measure their intensity and location by the clustering algorithm. The average value of the pixel intensity in the columns and rows of the pixel matrix of the cumulative histogram image is calculated to estimate the intensity of the defects. Measurement of the intensity of defects is carried out in two ways: directly on the image of the surface sample and by comparing the image of the sample and the reference image of the sample without defects. To solve the problem, an algorithm of hierarchical clustering of data to rectangular segments of the surface image is used. In the image, each cluster is marked with a corresponding color of gray. The image for analysis is transformed using segmentation and inversion algorithms. This allows to get more accurate estimates of the intensity of light and dark defects. The clustering algorithm groups the image segments of the surface samples, as well as the images of the distributed cumulative histogram to group the level of surface damage. Distributed cumulative histogram was used to detect defects on the surface of materials as a method of linking the number and intensity of pixels to image coordinates. Cluster analysis helps to find their coordinates and intensity.<br><br>In comparison with known approaches, the method has a linear algorithmic complexity to the number of pixels in the input image, which allows to do a significant number of experiments to identify the types of surfaces of materials for use and the features of algorithms.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79244810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}