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Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals最新文献

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Electric-Field Poling of Polymers 聚合物的电场极化
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.3
R. Gerhard-Multhaupt
{"title":"Electric-Field Poling of Polymers","authors":"R. Gerhard-Multhaupt","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.3","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous polymers with strong second-order optical nonlinearities [1, 2] that are potentially useful for electro-optical or all-optical device applications [4] contain molecular chromophore dipoles [3] as guest molecules, as side groups, or as main-chain segments. In order to break the inherent centro-symmetry of the initially isotropic dipole orientation in these materials and to render them nonlinear optically active (and also piezo- and pyro-electric), preferential dipole alignment by means of poling is required [5]. Poled nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers are molecular dipole electrets [6, 7] so that the full range of techniques for the preparation and investigation of polar electrets may be utilized on them. In particular, the poling of polar polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PETP, Mylar) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglass) is not at all different from the poling of NLO polymers. Strongly pyro- and piezoelectric polymer electrets such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers or the odd polyamides (PA or Nylon 5, 7, 9, and 11), on the other hand, are ferroelectric and do therefore not require heating during poling and subsequent cooling under the electric field; however, their ferroelectric polarization switches only at field strengths higher than the respective coercive field.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128292323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization dependence of photo-induced birefringence and its application to fabrication of tailored polarization filters 光致双折射的偏振依赖性及其在定制偏振滤光片制作中的应用
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.3
R. Feced, S. Kanellopoulos, R. Griffin, V. Handerek
{"title":"Polarization dependence of photo-induced birefringence and its application to fabrication of tailored polarization filters","authors":"R. Feced, S. Kanellopoulos, R. Griffin, V. Handerek","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.3","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-induced anisotropy has been observed in optical fibers exposed to polarized blue-green1-4 and U.V. light6-10. The control of the fiber birefringence has permitted the fabrication of polarization rocking filters, which have found use in both sensing and communication applications. The physical mechanism underlying this effect is thought to be the preferential excitation and depletion of those anisotropic defects whose polarizability is aligned with the incident field polarization, causing a reduction of polarizability along that direction3,4,11. In this paper, we study the polarization dependence of photo-induced birefringence in elliptical core fibers and, as a consequence, propose a technique for fabrication of polarization rocking filters with tailored coupling spectrum.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130289599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-period fiber-grating devices based on leaky cladding mode coupling 基于漏包层模式耦合的长周期光纤光栅器件
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.2
D. Stegall, T. Erdogan
{"title":"Long-period fiber-grating devices based on leaky cladding mode coupling","authors":"D. Stegall, T. Erdogan","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bsub.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber gratings allow great flexibility in the design of all-fiber devices by enabling control over the wavelength, direction, polarization, and mode characteristics of light. In particular, long-period, or transmission, fiber gratings produce devices based on co-directional mode coupling which naturally result in a desirable transmissive rather than reflective output. In a single-mode fiber, coupling to cladding modes can be utilized for various functions, especially wavelength-dependent loss filtering [1]. In this paper we describe alternative applications of transmission fiber grating devices based on coupling to leaky cladding modes.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126721950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Dielectric Characteristics of Silica and Inference of Related Defects 二氧化硅的介电特性及相关缺陷的推断
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jmd.1
M. Tomozawa, D. Shin
{"title":"Dielectric Characteristics of Silica and Inference of Related Defects","authors":"M. Tomozawa, D. Shin","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jmd.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jmd.1","url":null,"abstract":"There are various types of silica glasses made by different methods. They contain, in general, different levels of impurities such as sodium oxide, alumina and hydroxyls and have different fictive temperatures. Some investigators [1-3] reported anomalous electric and dielectric properties of silica glasses and attributed these anomalies to impurities. In order to resolve the cause of these anomalies, electric and dielectric properties of various silica glasses were measured as a function of temperatures [4-6].","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126308825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large SHG in UV-Poled Silica Glass 大SHG紫外线偏振硅玻璃
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.1
T. Fujiwara, M. Takahashi, A. Ikushima
{"title":"Large SHG in UV-Poled Silica Glass","authors":"T. Fujiwara, M. Takahashi, A. Ikushima","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.1","url":null,"abstract":"A number of work have been reported on enhancement of the second-order nonlinearity in silica-related glasses, e.g. poling at elevated temperatures (200~500 °C) in bulk fused-silica [1], in sol-gel films [2], and in those of waveguide- and fiber forms, in addition [3,4]. Recently, a significant increase of the effective electro-optic (EO) coefficient in a germanosilicate fiber was reported [5], where UV irradiation was applied along with an intense electric poling field. The EO coefficient measured in the fiber poled in that way was comparable to r22 in LiNbO3. This “UV-poling\" method has a further advantage of spatial resolution, which is useful to create periodically poled structures for the quasi phase-matching SHG and the EO-tunable Bragg gratings [6].","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125002833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Narrow Depressed-Cladding Fibers for Minimization of Cladding and Radiation Mode Losses in Fiber Bragg Gratings 减小光纤光栅包层和辐射模损失的窄压包层光纤分析
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.11
C. Haggans, H. Singh, W. F. Varner, J-.S. Wang
{"title":"Analysis of Narrow Depressed-Cladding Fibers for Minimization of Cladding and Radiation Mode Losses in Fiber Bragg Gratings","authors":"C. Haggans, H. Singh, W. F. Varner, J-.S. Wang","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.11","url":null,"abstract":"Undesirable losses in highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings due to coupling to bound cladding modes or lossy radiation modes are well documented1-5. Several approaches have been proposed for reducing this coupling, including high LP01 mode confinement fibers (high numerical aperture single-mode fibers6 and two-mode fibers7), fibers with equally photosensitive core and cladding regions8, and, recently, fibers with wide depressed cladding regions5. However, the solution detailed by Komukai, et al.6 is undesirable due to mode-field mismatch losses when splicing to conventional single-mode telecommunication fibers operated at 1550 nm (e.g, Corning SMF-28) and the solution of Okude, et al.7 requires advanced fabrication techniques. Additionally, while the solutions detailed by Dong, et al.5 and Delevaque, et al.8 reduce cladding mode losses for gratings with no variation of the photoinduced index transverse to the fiber axis, it is well known that strong asymmetries in the transverse photoinduced index profile can occur in Type I9 and Type II10 gratings due to the sidewriting process. In fact, elaborate writing schemes have been proposed to reduce this asymmetry11-12. Additionally, in practice, small tilts of the grating fringe planes can be introduced during fabrication due to mask-fiber misalignment. It is demonstrated in this paper that the solutions detailed by Dong, et al.5 and Delevaque, et al.8 are not optimum for azimuthally asymmetric transverse photoinduced index distributions, and a new narrow depressed cladding fiber design that has superior loss suppression characteristics for moderate grating asymmetries is presented.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121281202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seeding and all-optical patterning of polymers 聚合物的播种和全光学图像化
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.4
J. Nunzi, C. Fiorini, Anne-Catherine Etile, P. Raimond, F. Charra
{"title":"Seeding and all-optical patterning of polymers","authors":"J. Nunzi, C. Fiorini, Anne-Catherine Etile, P. Raimond, F. Charra","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.4","url":null,"abstract":"A key issue in the field of nonlinear optical polymers for second-order process is the achievement of a non-centrosymetric order. One challenging prospect is to achieve it by optical means in order to take full advantage of its rich processing capabilities. Indeed, the all-optical poling of polymers offers an interesting alternative to the realization of non-centrosymmetric structures. Of particular interest is the possibility to control extensively the spatial and tensorial properties of polymers using optical beams.\u0000 1\u0000","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132530253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UV-induced reaction of H2 with the core of germanosilicate and aluminosilicate fiber preforms 紫外诱导H2与锗硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐纤维预制体的反应
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.2
Caroline Dalle, P. Cordier, C. Depecker, P. Bernage, M. Douay, P. Niay, J. Bayon, L. Dong
{"title":"UV-induced reaction of H2 with the core of germanosilicate and aluminosilicate fiber preforms","authors":"Caroline Dalle, P. Cordier, C. Depecker, P. Bernage, M. Douay, P. Niay, J. Bayon, L. Dong","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.2","url":null,"abstract":"The photosensitivity of glasses can be significantly enhanced by high-pressure low-temperature hydrogen loading prior to UV exposure. The chemical reactions that occur between hydrogen and glass under UV exposure are thus of primary importance for the understanding of the mechanisms of H2 photosensitivity enhancement.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Phase Mask Stitch Errors on the Performance of UV-written Bragg Gratings 相位掩模拼接误差对紫外写入布拉格光栅性能的影响
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.9
X. Liu, Richard M. De La Rue, P. Marques, S. Thoms, J. Aitchison, L. Everall, J. Williams, I. Bennion
{"title":"The Influence of Phase Mask Stitch Errors on the Performance of UV-written Bragg Gratings","authors":"X. Liu, Richard M. De La Rue, P. Marques, S. Thoms, J. Aitchison, L. Everall, J. Williams, I. Bennion","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.9","url":null,"abstract":"Bragg gratings produced by direct UV exposure are finding wide-spread applications in fields ranging from telecommunications to optical sensing. In order to produce such fibre gratings a great deal of research has been directed to the use of electron beam lithography for direct writing of the phase masks [1]. The technique allows very precise structures (grating period < 100 nm) to be defined over large areas up to 140 × 140 mm2. Phase mask are generated by stitching small (400 μm x 400 μm) electron beam fields together. It is therefore important to understand the nature of the various stitching errors which can occur and their effect on the corresponding UV written fibre grating spectra. Here we report the spectroscopic effect of one sign stitching errors which has the characteristic of shifting the grating in a field to one direction (left or right) only along the grating axis.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134154987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Vacancies in as-grown and electron irradiated α-SiO2 生长和电子辐照α-SiO2中的空位
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.8
S. Dannefaer, D. Craigen, D. Kerr
{"title":"Vacancies in as-grown and electron irradiated α-SiO2","authors":"S. Dannefaer, D. Craigen, D. Kerr","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.8","url":null,"abstract":"Positron annihilation is a technique uniquely suited to detect vacancies independent of whether they are EPR active or not. In α-SiO2 it has long been suspected that EPR inactive precursors should exist for the E’ centre. Here we show that vacancies are indeed present in as-grown α-SiO2 at a concentration of ~1017/cm3. About 1000 °C these vacancies migrate whereup they form vacancy clusters. 2 MeV electron irradiation introduces additional vacancies but at a highly nonlinear rate. The introduction rate decreases abruptly by a factor of 5 around a dose of 1017e−/cm2. The irradiation-produced vacancies are annealed out at 500 °C well below that for the vacancies in the as-grown α-SiO2. We ascribe the 500 °C annealing stage to recombination with interstitials closely associated with the irradiation-produced vacancies.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134417358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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