Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060607
C. Siegl
{"title":"Load switches get smart [battery life improvement]","authors":"C. Siegl","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060607","url":null,"abstract":"New ultra-portable designs must combine increased functionality while extending battery life in constantly shrinking form factors. This paper shows how power utilisation has to be carefully managed in order for this shift in emphasis to be achieved. The function of connecting operating blocks to the battery is known as load switching. A power management controller enables the power switch with a logic level; this switch is often referred to as the load switch. Typically, load switches are implemented using two MOSFETs, one as a pass device and the other to hard switch the pass FET on or off. This implementation has been very effective multiplexing battery power to the areas where it is needed and powering off when idle. In comparison, the latest generations of these load switches incorporate complex functions to better perform this switching operation. While these functions have long been implemented discretely when required, the new target form factors for today's products no longer have space for this type of implementation.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116531795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060606
S. L. Lau, M. R. Tamjis
{"title":"The economies of power quality","authors":"S. L. Lau, M. R. Tamjis","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060606","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of power quality embraces a very wide and diverse field of both system and customer problems. There are many requirements for appropriate solutions, from simple power factor corrections of a load to sophisticated load flow control in a high-voltage transmission system. It can be simply defined as the quality of power supplied to the end user. The evaluation of power quality improvement alternatives is an exercise in economics. Utility engineers must evaluate the economic impacts of the power quality variations against the costs of improving performance for the different available alternatives. The best choice will depend on the costs of the solution and its total operating costs. Improving facility performance during power quality variations can result in significant savings and can be a competitive advantage. Therefore, it is important for customers and suppliers to work together in identifying the best alternative for achieving the required level of performance.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060506
L. Stendius, P. Jones
{"title":"Powerful platform [offshore HVDC transmission]","authors":"L. Stendius, P. Jones","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060506","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing power to one of the world's largest oil and gas platforms was not easy, but Troll A in the North Sea is now reaping the benefits. In February 2005, the world's first offshore HVDC transmission was successfully commissioned. Consisting of two parallel 40 MW transmissions connecting the Troll A gas platform in the North Sea, with the mainland 132 kV grid via polymeric DC cables, the offshore module was designed by ABB in collaboration with Statoil. Electrical power is supplied from the shore - for both the power supply and compressor drives - which gives way to a host of benefits. It cuts emissions and leads to a significant cost savings of oil companies. In addition, transmission of electrical energy from shore involves less maintenance and higher availability.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116528422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060501
Candida Jones
{"title":"Back where it belongs","authors":"Candida Jones","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060501","url":null,"abstract":"Capturing the harmful carbon that is produced during generation of electricity and burying it underground is not a new idea but, since its appearance in the UK Energy Review, it has again come into the spotlight. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) offers technological solutions to the production of harmful emissions from power generation. The review accepts as inevitable a long-term future for coal, and, according to the government, this new technology could cut carbon emissions form fossil fuels by between 80-90%, leading to the saving of several million tonnes of carbon by 2020. Basically CCS involves capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by burning fossil fuels and injecting it underground.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060508
T. Westerweller, J. Price
{"title":"Crossing the divide","authors":"T. Westerweller, J. Price","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060508","url":null,"abstract":"The Basslink HVDC interconnector consists of a monopolar metallic return scheme, with a rated DC voltage of 400 kV, a rated DC current of 1250 A and a rated continuous power of 500 MW defined at the DC terminal of the rectifier converter station. It is the world's longest submarine HVDC cable project, linking Tasmania with the Australian mainline and providing efficient two-way power transfers. It has a dynamic power transfer capacity up to 626 MW from Tasmania to Victoria to meet Victorian peak load demands. Basslink provides an interconnection between energy-constrained hydro generation in Tasmania and the capacity-constrained predominantly thermal generation in Victoria monopolar metallic return scheme.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060503
Xiao-Ping Zhang, C. Rehtanz, Y. Song
{"title":"A grid for tomorrow","authors":"Xiao-Ping Zhang, C. Rehtanz, Y. Song","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060503","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese government plans to establish ultra-high voltage (UHV) systems to transmit an additional 250 GW of electricity by 2020. The plan includes prioritizing the development of 60 GW of hydropower in the western part of China. To transport power from the west to the eastern and southern industrial centers in Shanghai and Guangdong, the government intends to utilize UHV 800 kV DC for bulk power transmission and UHV 800-1000 kV AC for interconnecting the regional AC networks in the east and south. With the national UHV grid, the government hopes to address the present status of imbalance between electricity supply and demand. The UHV grid also aims to promote electricity trading between different regions over different scales, optimizing the utilization of energy sources within large areas, meeting the requirements of economic development and creating competitive national energy markets.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130319148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060507
Carl Walding
{"title":"Power in waiting","authors":"Carl Walding","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060507","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the power that electronic products consume in standby mode is becoming ever more important in the face of new regulations. With the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and the concomitant need to conserve the world's energy supply, there is a continual emergence of regulation mandating power efficiency in electronic applications. Semiconductor suppliers are increasingly playing a key role in compliance with these regulations from the standpoint of reducing standby power, improving efficiency and providing solutions that improve power quality. The United States, European Union, China, Japan and Korea all have regulations that limit the amount of standby power various products may draw. These limits apply to virtually all household, consumer and office products. Semiconductor companies are providing power supply solutions for product manufacturers to meet these standby requirements.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124040095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060502
D. Lewis
{"title":"IRAQ's other power struggle","authors":"D. Lewis","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060502","url":null,"abstract":"Since the war ended in 2003, Iraq has continued to struggle with its power situation with electricity production remaining pegged at about 4,000 MW primarily. Determined terrorists continue to disrupt electricity supply by attacking oil and natural gas refineries and even plants or pipelines. To address this problem, officials are looking for ways to attain sustained recovery. The Iraqi government plans to invest $20 billion over the next five years to increase production to 18,000 MW. It is also studying ways to harness alternative power sources such as hydro and solar resources.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060504
Keri Allen
{"title":"Promoting portable power","authors":"Keri Allen","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060504","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cells have been around for some time, although their adoption has been hindered by cost and reliability. This paper shows how these problems can be overcome and how fuel cells could be used for the worldwide market. Practical fuel cells are now available for multiple uses, and it is companies such as Jadoo Power in Califronia that are really helping to push the market forward. This company already cites itself as the biggest seller of portable hydrogen fuel cells globally, and has much bigger goals in sight. Beginning life as a provider for portable fuel cells to the broadcast market, the company found its niche and evolved from there.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114903189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power EngineerPub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1049/PE:20060505
S. Gordon
{"title":"Supergrid to the rescue","authors":"S. Gordon","doi":"10.1049/PE:20060505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PE:20060505","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns over the security of electric supply, combined with increasing pressure to tackle climate change, have forced many European countries to urgently re-evaluate their energy strategies. But a new project, proposed by Irish renewable energy firm Airtricity, offers a possible solution. The company creates a source of limitless renewable energy, based in Europe, from which all countries can benefit. Airtricity aims to build a huge, pan-European electricity `supergrid' that will connect offshore windfarms from the Baltic sea to the Mediterranean, via the North Sea and the Atlantic. Supergrid is designed to carry energy from wind turbines to suppliers, and to act as a transmission network, enabling the secure spread of electricity between countries. This should boost trading and help Europe move towards a single energy market.","PeriodicalId":182274,"journal":{"name":"Power Engineer","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117066778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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