Lei Lin, Kun Xu, Wei Tan, Jinliang Liu, Bingzhang Chen, Dongyan Liu
{"title":"Amplifying effects of multiyear La Niña on phytoplankton biomass in the tropical Pacific","authors":"Lei Lin, Kun Xu, Wei Tan, Jinliang Liu, Bingzhang Chen, Dongyan Liu","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional views suggest that overall phytoplankton biomass in the tropical Pacific should be proportional to La Niña intensity because of enhanced nutrient supplies from equatorial upwelling associated with La Niña intensity. Here, composite analysis of satellite-derived chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>, a proxy for biomass) data across five multiyear La Niña (M-LN) events (1997–2023) showed a double increase in the tropical Pacific average Chl <i>a</i> in the 2<sup>nd</sup>/3<sup>rd</sup> years [La Niña(2)] of M-LN compared to the 1<sup>st</sup> year [La Niña(1)], despite declining La Niña intensities. This unexpected rise is attributed to a ∼ 1-yr lagged response of the off-equatorial phytoplankton to La Niña/El Niño. The lagged response of off-equatorial Chl <i>a</i> to La Niña(1) superimposed with the immediate response of equatorial Chl <i>a</i> to La Niña(2) amplifies overall Chl <i>a</i> levels during La Niña(2). Simulations from Earth System Models support this mechanism. Our findings imply that increased M-LN events may mitigate warming-induced biomass decline in the tropical Pacific.</p>","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David C. Richardson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Lauren E. Bortolotti, Pascal Bodmer, Julia Daly, Dominique X. Edwards, Kian A. Gallagher, Kathryn A. Gannon, Amanda L. Gavin, Rachel Hovel, Jacques C. Finlay, Kerri Finlay, Daniel J. Hornbach, Benjamin D. Janke, Alexia S. Leone, Jorrit P. Mesman
{"title":"Ponds are neither dimictic nor polymictic: A variable transition season between stratified summers and mixed autumns","authors":"David C. Richardson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Lauren E. Bortolotti, Pascal Bodmer, Julia Daly, Dominique X. Edwards, Kian A. Gallagher, Kathryn A. Gannon, Amanda L. Gavin, Rachel Hovel, Jacques C. Finlay, Kerri Finlay, Daniel J. Hornbach, Benjamin D. Janke, Alexia S. Leone, Jorrit P. Mesman","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autumn is an important transition time for seasonally stratified lakes where summertime stratification shifts to cooler, mixed periods. While ponds can also experience prolonged summertime stratification, their relatively low water volume accelerates mixing, suggesting they could have distinctly different autumn mixing dynamics compared to lakes. This study examined the mixing dynamics of mostly temperate, small, shallow, and summertime stratified waterbodies. We show that, in contrast to most lakes, ponds have long and distinctive stratified to mixing transition seasons, characterized by repeated mixing and restratification, which can occur for days to months, before sustained isothermal conditions. Transition season mixing starts earlier in shallower and low-nutrient ponds, with most ponds having at least one continuous week of restratification in autumn. Ultimately, describing pond transition seasons provides an important update to established turnover paradigms for lakes and indicates that these periods have the potential for high biogeochemical and ecological activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita M. Franco-Santos, Bridget R. Deemer, Laura J. Falkenberg, Mary R. Gradoville, Scott Hotaling, Erin K. Peck
{"title":"Whatever it takes—Shaping the L&O Letters Early Career Publication Honor to deliver true benefit","authors":"Rita M. Franco-Santos, Bridget R. Deemer, Laura J. Falkenberg, Mary R. Gradoville, Scott Hotaling, Erin K. Peck","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are clear advantages for those who openly share their research. Publishing Open Access (OA) articles can increase author visibility (McCabe and Snyder <span>2014</span>), improve productivity metrics (i.e., more diverse and higher citation rates; Huang et al. <span>2024</span>; Piwowar et al. <span>2018</span>), widen collaborative networks (Tai and Robinson <span>2018</span>), and help secure future funding and/or comply with funder mandates (Herrmannova et al. <span>2019</span>; Larivière and Sugimoto <span>2018</span>; McKiernan et al. <span>2016</span> and references therein). These benefits can be vital for students and early career researchers (ECRs) trying to advance and thrive in academia. However, publishing papers in Gold OA journals such as <i>L&O Letters</i> comes at a notable financial cost, as these journals require that the corresponding author (or their organization or funder) pay a fee to make their published article immediately freely available to the public. These article processing charges can be prohibitively expensive (Fontúrbel and Vizentin-Bugoni <span>2021</span>; Mekonnen et al. <span>2022</span>; Ross-Hellauer et al. <span>2022</span>). While Read and Publish agreements and waiver programs may be available to help cover these costs, these programs often exclude independent authors as well as those affiliated with ineligible or non-participating institutions (e.g., publisher waivers using the Research4Life eligibility criteria for access currently only allow authors from one of 13 South American countries/territories to publish free of charge). Besides the financial barrier, authors from underrepresented groups can also face a myriad of other publishing roadblocks, such as linguistic challenges (for speakers of English as a foreign language; Amano et al. <span>2023</span>; Franco-Santos <span>2024</span>; Ramírez-Castañeda <span>2020</span>) and geopolitical-scientific bias (e.g., science conducted in the Global South being seen as less impactful and innovative than that conducted in the Global North; Ghosh <span>2022</span>; Smits et al. <span>2025</span>). For context, Global South (GS) and Global North (GN) are not geographic determinations (i.e., South and North hemispheres), but geopolitical classifications regarding a nation's level of development (underdeveloped, developing, or developed). For example: Australia and Brazil are both located in the southern hemisphere, but the former is considered as a Global North (developed) country and the latter as a Global South (underdeveloped or developing) country.</p><p>When a subset of researchers is unable to openly publish their work, the diversity of voices represented in OA literature can decline (Williams et al. <span>2023</span>). Loss of diversity is a loss to science, as diversity increases productivity, innovation, and scientific impact (refer to opening quote; Freeman and Huang <span>2014</span>; AlShebli et al. <span>2018</span>; Tomillo et al. <spa","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita M. Franco-Santos, Bridget R. Deemer, Laura J. Falkenberg, Mary R. Gradoville, Scott Hotaling, Erin K. Peck
{"title":"Whatever it takes—Shaping the L&O Letters Early Career Publication Honor to deliver true benefit","authors":"Rita M. Franco-Santos, Bridget R. Deemer, Laura J. Falkenberg, Mary R. Gradoville, Scott Hotaling, Erin K. Peck","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are clear advantages for those who openly share their research. Publishing Open Access (OA) articles can increase author visibility (McCabe and Snyder <span>2014</span>), improve productivity metrics (i.e., more diverse and higher citation rates; Huang et al. <span>2024</span>; Piwowar et al. <span>2018</span>), widen collaborative networks (Tai and Robinson <span>2018</span>), and help secure future funding and/or comply with funder mandates (Herrmannova et al. <span>2019</span>; Larivière and Sugimoto <span>2018</span>; McKiernan et al. <span>2016</span> and references therein). These benefits can be vital for students and early career researchers (ECRs) trying to advance and thrive in academia. However, publishing papers in Gold OA journals such as <i>L&O Letters</i> comes at a notable financial cost, as these journals require that the corresponding author (or their organization or funder) pay a fee to make their published article immediately freely available to the public. These article processing charges can be prohibitively expensive (Fontúrbel and Vizentin-Bugoni <span>2021</span>; Mekonnen et al. <span>2022</span>; Ross-Hellauer et al. <span>2022</span>). While Read and Publish agreements and waiver programs may be available to help cover these costs, these programs often exclude independent authors as well as those affiliated with ineligible or non-participating institutions (e.g., publisher waivers using the Research4Life eligibility criteria for access currently only allow authors from one of 13 South American countries/territories to publish free of charge). Besides the financial barrier, authors from underrepresented groups can also face a myriad of other publishing roadblocks, such as linguistic challenges (for speakers of English as a foreign language; Amano et al. <span>2023</span>; Franco-Santos <span>2024</span>; Ramírez-Castañeda <span>2020</span>) and geopolitical-scientific bias (e.g., science conducted in the Global South being seen as less impactful and innovative than that conducted in the Global North; Ghosh <span>2022</span>; Smits et al. <span>2025</span>). For context, Global South (GS) and Global North (GN) are not geographic determinations (i.e., South and North hemispheres), but geopolitical classifications regarding a nation's level of development (underdeveloped, developing, or developed). For example: Australia and Brazil are both located in the southern hemisphere, but the former is considered as a Global North (developed) country and the latter as a Global South (underdeveloped or developing) country.</p><p>When a subset of researchers is unable to openly publish their work, the diversity of voices represented in OA literature can decline (Williams et al. <span>2023</span>). Loss of diversity is a loss to science, as diversity increases productivity, innovation, and scientific impact (refer to opening quote; Freeman and Huang <span>2014</span>; AlShebli et al. <span>2018</span>; Tomillo et al. <spa","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lol2.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}