Jin-Tao Bu, Jian-Qi Zhang, Ge-Yi Ding, Jia-Chong Li, Jia-Wei Zhang, Bin Wang, Wen-Qiang Ding, Wen-Fei Yuan, Liang Chen, Qi Zhong, Ali Keçebaş, Şahin K Özdemir, Fei Zhou, Hui Jing, Mang Feng
{"title":"Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion.","authors":"Jin-Tao Bu, Jian-Qi Zhang, Ge-Yi Ding, Jia-Chong Li, Jia-Wei Zhang, Bin Wang, Wen-Qiang Ding, Wen-Fei Yuan, Liang Chen, Qi Zhong, Ali Keçebaş, Şahin K Özdemir, Fei Zhou, Hui Jing, Mang Feng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems, whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism. A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points (EPs), which has no counterpart in closed quantum systems. It has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP, whether the loop includes the EP or not, could lead to chiral mode conversion. Here, we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs (LEPs), which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise-an important quantum feature not present in previous works. We demonstrate, using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion, the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an LEP. We witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release (absorption) of the quantum heat engine (quantum refrigerator). Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling, resulting in chiral thermodynamic cycles. Our observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruipeng Guo, Qianwan Yang, Andrew S Chang, Guorong Hu, Joseph Greene, Christopher V Gabel, Sixian You, Lei Tian
{"title":"EventLFM: event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging.","authors":"Ruipeng Guo, Qianwan Yang, Andrew S Chang, Guorong Hu, Joseph Greene, Christopher V Gabel, Sixian You, Lei Tian","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01502-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01502-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems, thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame rates. To address this, we introduce EventLFM, a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy (LFM), a state-of-the-art single-shot 3D wide-field imaging technique. The event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture, thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS systems. We further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by EventLFM. Experimental results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame rates. Furthermore, we highlight EventLFM's capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving C. elegans. We believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Color coded metadevices toward programmed terahertz switching.","authors":"Weibao He, Xiang'ai Cheng, Siyang Hu, Ziheng Ren, Zhongyi Yu, Shun Wan, Yuze Hu, Tian Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01495-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01495-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terahertz modulators play a critical role in high-speed wireless communication, non-destructive imaging, and so on, which have attracted a large amount of research interest. Nevertheless, all-optical terahertz modulation, an ultrafast dynamical control approach, remains to be limited in terms of encoding and multifunction. Here we experimentally demonstrated an optical-programmed terahertz switching realized by combining optical metasurfaces with the terahertz metasurface, resulting in 2-bit dual-channel terahertz encoding. The terahertz metasurface, made up of semiconductor islands and artificial microstructures, enables effective all-optical programming by providing multiple frequency channels with ultrafast modulation at the nanosecond level. Meanwhile, optical metasurfaces covered in terahertz metasurface alter the spatial light field distribution to obtain color code. According to the time-domain coupled mode theory analysis, the energy dissipation modes in terahertz metasurface can be independently controlled by color excitation, which explains the principle of 2-bit encoding well. This work establishes a platform for all-optical programmed terahertz metadevices and may further advance the application of composite metasurface in terahertz manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light People: Professor Che Ting Chan, curiosity drives to create the impossibilities.","authors":"Tingting Sun, Ying Xiong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01497-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01497-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EDITORIAL: \"When something is said to be impossible, there are two points for researchers to initially clarify: whether it really is forbidden by the laws of nature; or whether it is simply that no material that currently exists in nature can do that.\" Metamaterials are such magical beings, which have physical properties like invisibility, negative refraction, super-resolution, and perfect absorption that are absent from natural materials. It has been rated by Science as one of the top ten scientific and technological breakthroughs affecting human beings in the 21st century.In this issue of Light People, we spoke with a \"magic\" creator, Professor Che Ting Chan, the Associate Vice-President (Research & Development) of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Member of the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences and Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has researched a number of theoretical problems in material physics, investigated the theory behind what they seek to achieve, and modulated light (electromagnetism) and acoustic waves through metamaterials. In the following, let's take a closer look at Professor Che Ting Chan's research life, and appreciate his style and the background of his accomplishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11190227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Corsetti, Milica Notaros, Tal Sneh, Alex Stafford, Zachariah A Page, Jelena Notaros
{"title":"Silicon-photonics-enabled chip-based 3D printer.","authors":"Sabrina Corsetti, Milica Notaros, Tal Sneh, Alex Stafford, Zachariah A Page, Jelena Notaros","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01478-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01478-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imagine if it were possible to create 3D objects in the palm of your hand within seconds using only a single photonic chip. Although 3D printing has revolutionized the way we create in nearly every aspect of modern society, current 3D printers rely on large and complex mechanical systems to enable layer-by-layer addition of material. This limits print speed, resolution, portability, form factor, and material complexity. Although there have been recent efforts in developing novel photocuring-based 3D printers that utilize light to transform matter from liquid resins to solid objects using advanced methods, they remain reliant on bulky and complex mechanical systems. To address these limitations, we combine the fields of silicon photonics and photochemistry to propose the first chip-based 3D printer. The proposed system consists of only a single millimeter-scale photonic chip without any moving parts that emits reconfigurable visible-light holograms up into a simple stationary resin well to enable non-mechanical 3D printing. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a stereolithography-inspired proof-of-concept version of the chip-based 3D printer using a visible-light beam-steering integrated optical phased array and visible-light-curable resin, showing 3D printing using a chip-based system for the first time. This work demonstrates the first steps towards a highly-compact, portable, and low-cost solution for the next generation of 3D printers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11153580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleni Dalaka, Joseph S Hill, Jonathan H H Booth, Anna Popczyk, Stefan R Pulver, Malte C Gather, Marcel Schubert
{"title":"Deformable microlaser force sensing.","authors":"Eleni Dalaka, Joseph S Hill, Jonathan H H Booth, Anna Popczyk, Stefan R Pulver, Malte C Gather, Marcel Schubert","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01471-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01471-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function, affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration, embryogenesis, immunological responses, and pathological states. Specialized force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in vivo. However, current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue, reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological tissue. Here, we introduce DEFORM, deformable microlaser force sensing, a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. DEFORM is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer deformations. Following validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force, DEFORM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila larva. We furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution, thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tumor invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoav Dana, Yehudit Garcia, Aleksei Kukin, Lauren Dallachiesa, Sterenn Guerrier, Nicolas K Fontaine, Dan M Marom
{"title":"Free-standing microscale photonic lantern spatial mode (De-)multiplexer fabricated using 3D nanoprinting.","authors":"Yoav Dana, Yehudit Garcia, Aleksei Kukin, Lauren Dallachiesa, Sterenn Guerrier, Nicolas K Fontaine, Dan M Marom","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01466-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01466-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photonic lantern (PL) spatial multiplexers show great promise for a range of applications, such as future high-capacity mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communication networks and free-space optical communication. They enable efficient conversion between multiple single-mode (SM) sources and a multimode (MM) waveguide of the same dimension. PL multiplexers operate by facilitating adiabatic transitions between the SM arrayed space and the single MM space. However, current fabrication methods are forcing the size of these devices to multi-millimeters, making integration with micro-scale photonic systems quite challenging. The advent of 3D micro and nano printing techniques enables the fabrication of freestanding photonic structures with a high refractive index contrast (photopolymer-air). In this work we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 6-mode mixing, 375 µm long PL that enables the conversion between six single-mode inputs and a single six-mode waveguide. The PL was designed using a genetic algorithm based inverse design approach and fabricated directly on a 7-core fiber using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer and a photopolymer. Although the waveguides exhibit high index contrast, low insertion loss (-2.6 dB), polarization dependent (-0.2 dB) and mode dependent loss (-4.4 dB) were measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinzhu Xu, Wenyi Wang, Liang Qiao, Yunzhe Fu, Xichuan Ge, Kun Zhao, Karl Zhanghao, Meiling Guan, Xin Chen, Meiqi Li, Dayong Jin, Peng Xi
{"title":"Ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution imaging with parallel acquisition-readout structured illumination microscopy (PAR-SIM).","authors":"Xinzhu Xu, Wenyi Wang, Liang Qiao, Yunzhe Fu, Xichuan Ge, Kun Zhao, Karl Zhanghao, Meiling Guan, Xin Chen, Meiqi Li, Dayong Jin, Peng Xi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01464-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01464-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has emerged as a promising super-resolution fluorescence imaging technique, offering diverse configurations and computational strategies to mitigate phototoxicity during real-time imaging of biological specimens. Traditional efforts to enhance system frame rates have concentrated on processing algorithms, like rolling reconstruction or reduced frame reconstruction, or on investments in costly sCMOS cameras with accelerated row readout rates. In this article, we introduce an approach to elevate SIM frame rates and region of interest (ROI) coverage at the hardware level, without necessitating an upsurge in camera expenses or intricate algorithms. Here, parallel acquisition-readout SIM (PAR-SIM) achieves the highest imaging speed for fluorescence imaging at currently available detector sensitivity. By using the full frame-width of the detector through synchronizing the pattern generation and image exposure-readout process, we have achieved a fundamentally stupendous information spatial-temporal flux of 132.9 MPixels · s<sup>-1</sup>, 9.6-fold that of the latest techniques, with the lowest SNR of -2.11 dB and 100 nm resolution. PAR-SIM demonstrates its proficiency in successfully reconstructing diverse cellular organelles in dual excitations, even under conditions of low signal due to ultra-short exposure times. Notably, mitochondrial dynamic tubulation and ongoing membrane fusion processes have been captured in live COS-7 cell, recorded with PAR-SIM at an impressive 408 Hz. We posit that this novel parallel exposure-readout mode not only augments SIM pattern modulation for superior frame rates but also holds the potential to benefit other complex imaging systems with a strategic controlling approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11133488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors.","authors":"Jingxi Li, Yuhang Li, Tianyi Gan, Che-Yung Shen, Mona Jarrahi, Aydogan Ozcan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-024-01482-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex field imaging, which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects, can offer rich structural insights into samples, such as their absorption and refractive index distributions. However, conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a field. This limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods, often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms, leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational demand. Here, we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital processing. Our design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field, forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design, axially spanning ~100 wavelengths. The intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field, eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction algorithms. We experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum, with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical simulations. We envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security, biomedical imaging, sensing and material science, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11130282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}