Wenjing Lv, Haoye Qin, Xiaodong Shi, Fulong Shi, Xinyang Mu, Zhou Zhou, Jiazheng Qin, Bo Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Qinghua Song
{"title":"Local-nonlocal assisted multifunctional photonic crystals.","authors":"Wenjing Lv, Haoye Qin, Xiaodong Shi, Fulong Shi, Xinyang Mu, Zhou Zhou, Jiazheng Qin, Bo Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Qinghua Song","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02308-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02308-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metasurfaces excel at local, spatially varying control of wavefronts, whereas photonic crystals (PhCs) are admired for their nonlocal resonances such as bound states in the continuum (BICs). These two regimes-local control and nonlocal collective response-have long been viewed as difficult to integrate within a single platform. Here, we introduce local-nonlocal assisted multifunctional PhCs unifying wavefront shaping and BICs by embedding meta-notches within PhC pillars. The locally tunable notches generate spectral-zero-assisted topological phase for efficient 2π coverage, while the strongly confined BIC modes remain largely unperturbed, preserving high-Q nonlocal resonances. This constructive local-nonlocal integration synthesizes the design freedom of metasurfaces with the dispersive resonance of PhCs in a single planar device. Our approach extends the capabilities of flat optics, enabling multifunctional PhCs and opening pathways toward higher-order topologies, advanced imaging, communication, and analogue optical computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan Zhang, Wenyuan Pan, Yuqi Tang, Ting Huang, Xuesong Yang, Hui Mao, Feiying Ruan, Qing Luo, Lin Li, Hongyu Zhang, Yujian Zhang, Quan Li
{"title":"Photoinduced radical emission from flexible organic crystals.","authors":"Xuan Zhang, Wenyuan Pan, Yuqi Tang, Ting Huang, Xuesong Yang, Hui Mao, Feiying Ruan, Qing Luo, Lin Li, Hongyu Zhang, Yujian Zhang, Quan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02208-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02208-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic single crystals (OSCs) exhibiting excellent flexibility and unique optical properties are particularly promising for applications in optical/optoelectronic devices and sensors. Nevertheless, the fabrication of flexible OSCs with radical luminescence remains a major challenge, as most radicals are non-emissive in the condensed state. Here, we propose a photoactivated radical self-doping strategy to simultaneously achieve radical emission and flexibility in OSCs. By simple UV irradiation in air, the nearly non-emissive crystalline naphthyl benzoate derivative (NPBr) produces intense blue fluorescence with a high solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 47.7%, representing a remarkable 60-fold enhancement from its initial value of 0.8%. The combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the observed luminescence arises from trace oxygen-centered radical species, which are generated via the photodissociation of NPBr and stabilized by the spatial confinement of the crystalline matrix. Moreover, the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding, halogen interactions, and π-π stacking endow the resulting crystal with high elasticity and bendability under external stress, as evidenced by Young's modulus of ~9.76 GPa. Notably, this photodissociation process achieves two objectives concurrently: yielding stable oxygen radicals and preserving the intrinsic crystal flexibility, thereby enabling the crystal to function as a flexible optical waveguide with low loss coefficients of 0.584 and 0.806 dB mm<sup>-1</sup> for the straight and bent states, respectively. This proposed strategy is conceptually innovative and operationally straightforward, offering a universal route for designing flexible OSCs with radical luminescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Mangold, Enrico Baù, Lin Nan, Julian Schwab, Thorsten Gölz, Andrea Mancini, Bettina Frank, Andreas Tittl, Harald Giessen
{"title":"Phonon-polaritonic skyrmions: transition from bubble- to Néel-type.","authors":"Florian Mangold, Enrico Baù, Lin Nan, Julian Schwab, Thorsten Gölz, Andrea Mancini, Bettina Frank, Andreas Tittl, Harald Giessen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02332-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02332-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical skyrmions are members of the emerging topological branch of solid-state physics and photonics, allowing for control over topological light textures through light-matter interactions. However, in nanophotonics their practical application has been severely limited by high inherent losses in plasmonic materials, resulting in the lack of tunability between different topological properties. Here, we utilize the strong dispersion of silicon carbide thin films to realize highly confined surface phonon-polariton skyrmion lattices, which we image via near-field microscopy. We experimentally demonstrate topological tuning between bubble- and Néel-type skyrmions, a unique advantage that polar dielectrics offer over most existing approaches. Changing the excitation wavelength by only 10% switches the skyrmion type, revealed by examination of the skyrmion number density contrast. Analysis of domain wall size and steepness in analogy to magnetic materials also confirms this transition. Our results are a starting point to investigate other topological features in phononic systems such as merons, skyrmion bags, and other complex structured light fields. Furthermore, strong light-matter hybridization and nonlinear effects owing to anharmonicity of the phonons may be observed in the future, possibly leading towards the discovery of polaritonic skyrmion-skyrmion interactions and hence applications in topology-based information processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Bernardi, Marco Clementi, Marcello Bacchi, Matías Rubén Bolaños, Sara Congia, Francesco Garrisi, Andrea Martellosio, Marco Passoni, Alexander Wrobel, Costantino Agnesi, Giuseppe Vallone, Paolo Villoresi, Federico Andrea Sabattoli, Matteo Galli, Daniele Bajoni
{"title":"Gigahertz-rate thin-film lithium niobate receiver for time-bin quantum communication.","authors":"Andrea Bernardi, Marco Clementi, Marcello Bacchi, Matías Rubén Bolaños, Sara Congia, Francesco Garrisi, Andrea Martellosio, Marco Passoni, Alexander Wrobel, Costantino Agnesi, Giuseppe Vallone, Paolo Villoresi, Federico Andrea Sabattoli, Matteo Galli, Daniele Bajoni","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02306-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02306-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-bin encoded quantum states of light are crucial for quantum technology applications. The integration of manipulation functionalities into chip-scale devices is essential for deploying scalable, high-performace, and cost-effective quantum networks. Here we develop a fully integrated, high-throughput quantum receiver based on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, capable of high-speed electro-optic manipulation of time-bin encoded quantum states. The device's novel architecture enables active switching of time-bin quantum states with an electro-optic bandwidth exceeding 30 GHz, while supporting real-time arbitrary projective measurements with a bandwidth of over 1 GHz. We showcase its versatility and performance through several applications, including the certification of entanglement with Bell's inequality violation by 38 standard deviations and with >95% visibility. We then apply it to a fiber-based quantum communication scenario, where we experimentally demonstrate an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, achieving stable finite-size secure key rates exceeding 25 kbit/s over 12 h of continuous operation. By leveraging a high-speed active switching scheme, the system overcomes the need for temporal post-selection, eliminating a fundamental loophole that compromises the security of time-bin entanglement-based QKD protocols and relaxes the temporal resolution requirements of single-photon detectors. Moreover, it enables active selection of the projection basis, increasing the flexibility for communication parties. This approach establishes a versatile and scalable architecture for time-bin encoded quantum communication, enabling practical protocols on industry-grade photonic technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Super-resolution image projection over an extended depth of field using a diffractive decoder.","authors":"Hanlong Chen, Çağatay Işıl, Che-Yung Shen, Shiqi Chen, Tianyi Gan, Mona Jarrahi, Aydogan Ozcan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02320-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Image projection systems must be efficient in data storage, computation and transmission while maintaining a large space-bandwidth-product (SBP) at their output. Here, we introduce a hybrid image projection system that achieves extended depth-of-field (DOF) with improved resolution, combining a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based digital encoder with an all-optical diffractive decoder. A CNN-based encoder compresses input images into compact phase representations, which are subsequently displayed by a low-resolution (LR) projector and processed by an analog diffractive decoder for all-optical image reconstruction. This optical decoder is completely passive, designed to synthesize pixel super-resolved image projections that feature an extended DOF while eliminating the need for additional power consumption for super-resolved image reconstruction. Our pixel super-resolution (PSR) image projection system demonstrates high-fidelity image synthesis over an extended DOF of ≥250λ, where λ is the illumination wavelength, concurrently offering up to ~16-fold SBP improvement at each lateral plane. The feasibility of this approach is validated through proof-of-concept experiments conducted in both the terahertz and visible spectral regions, demonstrating the scalability of our hybrid system across different wavelengths. This image projection architecture can reduce data storage and transmission requirements for display systems without imposing additional power constraints on the optical decoder. Beyond extended DOF PSR image projection, the underlying principles of this approach can be extended to various applications, including optical metrology and microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversible optical data storage and encryption enabled by phase-change and hydrogel integration.","authors":"Asad Nauman, Guli Gulinihali, Tristen Moncada, Muhammad Waleed Khalid, Tristan Tjussardi, Yeshaiahu Fainman, Abdoulaye Ndao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02330-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02330-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phase-change materials and hydrogels, which are emerging as versatile, low-cost, high-speed materials with large-area processing capabilities, are key building blocks for next-generation optical information storage and multi-level encryption. Here, we introduce a hybrid platform that synergistically integrates directly laser-written antimony trisulfide (Sb₂S₃) with a humidity-responsive azido-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-N₃) hydrogel, enabling the fabrication of a full-color image multiplexing. The Sb₂S₃ medium layer enables non-volatile, rewritable optical data via laser-induced amorphous-crystalline transitions, while the hydrogel introduces UV-programmable cavity modulation for data writing and consequently, achieving a humidity-dependent tunable full-color image response. Together, these dynamic and reversible processes enable independent encoding and retrieval of multi-level information, resulting in a transmissive multiplexed optical storage device. This multi-programmable layer approach establishes a new paradigm for multifunctional optical devices, unlocking opportunities in secure data storage, anti-counterfeiting displays, and environmental sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spaceborne snapshot compressive hyperspectral imaging.","authors":"Zhenming Yu, Liming Cheng, Jingyue Ma, Jiayu Di, Liang Lin, Ning Zhan, Tongshuo Zhang, Xing Zhong, Xiaojun He, Shanbo Chen, Xiaoxue Gong, Xu Cao, Huibin Zhang, Bingli Guo, Yongli Zhao, Shanguo Huang, Kun Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02296-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02296-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperspectral remote sensing images provide rich spatial and spectral information about the Earth's surface, making them an essential tool for Earth observation. However, existing spaceborne hyperspectral payloads experience slow acquisition speeds and generate large data volumes, posing significant challenges for real-time applications. Moreover, the complex optical design and relatively high cost of traditional hyperspectral payloads hinder their broad-scale in-orbit deployment. In this work, we have proposed and completed the world's first computational imaging-enabled compact spaceborne snapshot compressive hyperspectral payload, named BUPT-spectra01, which was successfully launched on November 11, 2024, at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China. We design a reflective coding structure, which enables BUPT-spectra01 to achieve high compactness (182 mm × 214 mm × 94 mm, 1.535 kg) and low cost. The payload operates in a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 520 km, with a ground imaging swath width of 51 km by 64 km. Through a single exposure (1 ms), the payload enables 47-band hyperspectral imaging with a spectral resolution of 6.5 nm, achieving 47-times data compression simultaneously. To achieve high-accuracy hyperspectral information reconstruction, we design a novel spatial-spectral inference neural network (SSI-Net). Moreover, BUPT-spectra01 can image at a rate of 30 frames per second, which allows video-level hyperspectral observation. In-orbit experiments demonstrate that BUPT-spectra01 achieves accurate classification of ground cover based on hyperspectral features, showing promise in hyperspectral observation applications such as disaster management, environment monitoring, and resource exploration. This breakthrough significantly advances the application of computational imaging in aerospace observation, contributing to the progress of future satellite internet.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeeban Kumar Nayak, Meghna Sarkar, Siarhei Zavatski, Ebru Buhara, Sergejs Boroviks, Olivier J F Martin
{"title":"Decoding chirality at the nanoscale with momentum-space polarimetry.","authors":"Jeeban Kumar Nayak, Meghna Sarkar, Siarhei Zavatski, Ebru Buhara, Sergejs Boroviks, Olivier J F Martin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02336-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02336-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineering optical chirality at the nanoscale has unlocked a wide range of light-matter interactions, with implications for the controlled manipulation of photonic degrees of freedom, ultrasensitive enantiomer detection, structured illumination microscopy, and quantum communication. Efficient characterization of chiral nanostructures is therefore of paramount importance, as it provides direct insights into their chiro-optical responses and guides the rational design of next-generation nanodevices. Conventional chiro-optical techniques, however, often fall short due to intrinsic limitations, such as their inability to probe spatially and angularly inhomogeneous chirality or to disentangle coexisting linear and circular anisotropies. Here, we present a Fourier-domain polarimetric framework to investigate the chiro-optical responses of plasmonic gammadion nanoarrays. By mapping scattered polarization states in momentum space through Stokes-Mueller polarimetry, we capture inhomogeneous radiation patterns that encode the underlying electromagnetic modes and diffraction features governing the observed chirality within the nanostructured system. The momentum-resolved Mueller matrix not only enables simultaneous quantification of circular birefringence and circular diattenuation but also facilitates their decoupling from linear anisotropies, thereby providing a comprehensive characterization of intrinsic chiro-optical behavior. We further show how structural thickness modulates the chiral response and demonstrate the sensitivity of this approach in detecting subtle chiro-optical signals. Finally, we combine gammadions arrays with momentum-domain chiral measurements as a sensitive platform for molecular enantiomer detection, opening new opportunities for advanced chiral sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statically foveated freeform OST-HMD system with wide FOV and high perceived resolution.","authors":"Pengyinjie Lyu, Hong Hua","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02291-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02291-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head-mounted displays (HMDs) based on the well-established rectilinear sampling method are subject to the inherent trade-off between wide field of view (FOV) and high spatial resolution. This challenge limits their broader application due to constraints in manufacturing high-resolution displays and the substantial data bandwidth required for rendering, storage, and transmission. Foveated display technology alleviates this issue by allocating resources differently between the region of interest and the peripheral region. However, most existing solutions rely on dynamic dual-resolution schemes that are costly and complex, requiring multiple displays or optical paths, two-dimensional steering mechanisms, and eye-tracking systems. We propose and demonstrate a perception-driven approach to the design of a three-element freeform eyepiece featuring spatially varying optical power. The novel eyepiece enables the creation of a statically foveated optical see-through HMD, yielding a display of an 80° diagonal FOV and a peak resolution density of 60 pixels per degree with a 4 K display panel. The system offers high perceived resolution across the FOV with imperceptible or minimal degradation and resolution discontinuity with eye movements. Our approach eliminates the need for eye tracking, scanning mechanisms, or multiple displays, significantly reducing hardware complexity. Compared to the rectilinear sampling scheme offering the same peak resolution density and FOV, our system reduces pixel usage by more than 35% or equivalently 4.4 million fewer pixels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the precision models of fringe projection profilometry: unification, simplification and connection.","authors":"Shenzhen Lv, Nengqi Huang, Yuxuan Zou, Chengeng Liu, Siah Yee Long, Dawei Tang, Xiangqian Jiang, Qian Kemao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02300-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-026-02300-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is one of the most prominent non-interferometric high-precision 3D shape measurement techniques for measuring dimensions ranging from 1 mm to 1 m, with increasing applications in precision engineering. Thorough theoretical understanding of the precision of the prevailing FPP methods is critical when facing the challenges of higher precision demands. In this paper, through theoretical analysis of three reconstruction methods based on the projection of vertical fringes (Ver3), horizontal fringes (Hor3) and optimal-angle fringes (OptE3), we establish a general unified precision model, from which a general Pythagoras relationship is discovered, clarifying the optimal precision of OptE3. We then simplify the model to reveal the role of a system's geometry for easier configuration. First, a special yet not restrictive case where the direction of the optical axis of the projector is perpendicular to the baseline of the FPP is considered, resulting in an intermediate unified precision model. We show that the effective baselines of the three methods obey a special Pythagoras relationship. Second, the angle between the optical axes of the camera and the projector is interestingly delineated from the projector's extrinsic parameters, leading to our final and simplified unified precision model. This simplified model is geometrically tangible and thus eases the determination of the positions and orientations of the projector and camera in system configuration, given a precision budget, for which, an FPP-Planner software tool is prototyped. Going beyond, we theoretically equivalate FPP with stereo vision and laser triangulation regarding precision. Our findings are experimentally validated. These theoretical models are believed to potentially enhance or even change the way of FPP design and performance evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18093,"journal":{"name":"Light, science & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147930937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}