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Extrusion cooking characteristics of soy-wheat blends to produce ready to eat snacks 生产即食小吃的大豆-小麦混合物的挤压蒸煮特性
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.52151/jae2000373.0932
Rt Pail, K. Joshi, S. Gupta, A. Saran
{"title":"Extrusion cooking characteristics of soy-wheat blends to produce ready to eat snacks","authors":"Rt Pail, K. Joshi, S. Gupta, A. Saran","doi":"10.52151/jae2000373.0932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2000373.0932","url":null,"abstract":"The snacks constitute an important part of our daily nutrient and calorie intake. Soy-cereal blends such as soy-com, soy-rice and soy-sorghum have been reported to give good quality snacks with extrusion processing. Soybean is the cheapest source of quality protein and good calorie whereas wheat is a popular cereal in India with 7085% starch. Extrusion provides expansion of starch, conversion of protein into easily digestible form at relatively lower operating costs. The experiments were conducted with full fat soy-flour blended with wheat flour in proportion of 10,20 and 30%, at 3 feed moisture levels of 15, 20 and 25% (wb) and three barrel temperatures of80, 90 and 100 °C. Analysis of various quality indices of extrudate with process variables indicated optimum condition of 10% blending of full fat soy flour (FFSF), 25% moisture content and 90 °C barrel temperature. The second set of experiment conducted on defatted soy-flour, showed optimum condition at 10 % blend, 15% moisture content and 90 °C barrel temperature.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment and Milling Parameters on Milling and Nutritional Qualities of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) 水热处理和磨碎参数对手指小米（Eleusine coracana）磨碎和营养品质的影响
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018554.1667
Anurag Kushwaha, Anupama Singh, Ranjna Sirohi, Ayon Tarafdar
{"title":"Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment and Milling Parameters on Milling and Nutritional Qualities of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana)","authors":"Anurag Kushwaha, Anupama Singh, Ranjna Sirohi, Ayon Tarafdar","doi":"10.52151/jae2018554.1667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018554.1667","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions for degree of pearling of finger millets were optimised based on its quality attributes. Empirical models were developed to predict quality parameters for different sets of milling conditions of dispersed density (430 kg.m-3, 495 kg.m-3, 560 kg.m-3), residence time (10 min, 12 min, 14 min) and roller speed (1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm) for both untreated and hydrothermally treated finger millet. It was found that hydrothermal treatment could improve pearling efficiency and reduce anti-nutrients while retaining nutritional components to some extent. A model correlating the effect of degree of pearling with pearling efficiency, protein, tannin and calcium content of hydrothermally treated finger millets was also developed with a satisfactory level of accuracy (R2 = 0.997). This equation served to determine the required degree of pearling for any given set of milling conditions. At optimized quality parameters, the degree of pearling for finger millet was 7.4 per cent.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"3 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of IARI Wheat Seed-cum-Fertilizer Plot Drill for Pearl Millet-Wheat Cropping System on Permanent Raised Bed System IARI 用于永久性高床系统珍珠米-小麦种植系统的小麦种子加肥料地块钻机性能评估
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018554.1664
Chetan Kumar P. Sawant, Adarsh Kumar, Indra Mani, J. K. Singh, Rajbir Yadav, R. N. Sahoo
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of IARI Wheat Seed-cum-Fertilizer Plot Drill for Pearl Millet-Wheat Cropping System on Permanent Raised Bed System","authors":"Chetan Kumar P. Sawant, Adarsh Kumar, Indra Mani, J. K. Singh, Rajbir Yadav, R. N. Sahoo","doi":"10.52151/jae2018554.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018554.1664","url":null,"abstract":"A four-row IARI seed-cum-fertilizer plot drill developed at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi for permanent raised bed system was evaluated under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The machine was fitted with two Oyjord metering mechanisms with four outlets for metering seed and fertilizer. Successful seeding on raised beds with pearl millet crop residue was achieved by first cutting the plant residue with a plain disc coulter, followed by seed drilling in narrow slit furrows opened by double disk furrow openers. The plot drill required 33.56 kW tractor for its operation in sandy loam soils, and two operators to feed measured quantity of seed and fertilizer. Field capacity of the plot drill was 0.17 ha.h-1 at 1.5 km.h-1 forward speed of operation. Field machine index, field efficiency and cost of operation were 72.72, 80 % and ` 648/- per hour, respectively. The plant stands of wheat sown on permanent raised beds with the developed plot drill were significantly higher than with precision plot drill.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"57 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generation of Synthetic Streamflow of Jakham River, Rajasthan Using Thomas-Fiering Model 利用 Thomas-Fiering 模型生成拉贾斯坦邦 Jakham 河的合成流量
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018554.1668
Priyanka Sharma, S. R. Bhakar, Shakir Ali, H. K. Jain, P. K. Singh, Mahesh Kothari
{"title":"Generation of Synthetic Streamflow of Jakham River, Rajasthan Using Thomas-Fiering Model","authors":"Priyanka Sharma, S. R. Bhakar, Shakir Ali, H. K. Jain, P. K. Singh, Mahesh Kothari","doi":"10.52151/jae2018554.1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018554.1668","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to develop and apply Thomas-Fiering (T-F) model for generation of synthetic streamflow of Jakham river, Rajasthan. Streamflow data of 40 years (June,1975 to May, 2015) was used, of which 360 month-data (June,1975 to May, 2005) were used to develop the model and 120 month-data (June, 2005 to May, 2015) were used to predict the streamflow. Performance of the model was evaluated using four statistical criteria, viz. correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), modified NashSutcliffe efficiency (MNSE), and modified index of agreement (MIA).The results showed satisfactory performance of the model in generating synthetic monthly streamflow based on R, RMSE, MNSE and MIA values of 0.73, 28.47×106 m3 , 0.456 and 0.73, respectively. The developed model was used to generate 100-year synthetic streamflows.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"55 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temporal Land-use Change Analysis of Patiala-Ki-Rao Watershed in Shivalik Foot-Hills using Remote Sensing and GIS 利用遥感和地理信息系统分析希瓦里克山麓帕蒂亚拉-基劳流域的土地利用时空变化
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018554.1669
Kallem Sushanth, Anil Bhardwaj, Loshali D. C, Pateriya B.
{"title":"Temporal Land-use Change Analysis of Patiala-Ki-Rao Watershed in Shivalik Foot-Hills using Remote Sensing and GIS","authors":"Kallem Sushanth, Anil Bhardwaj, Loshali D. C, Pateriya B.","doi":"10.52151/jae2018554.1669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018554.1669","url":null,"abstract":"Land-use change due to urbanization is continuously decreasing agricultural and forest lands that has important implications on the sustainable livelihood of the inhabitants of a watershed. In this study, land-use maps of Patiala-Ki-Rao watershed that is located in Shivalik foot-hills in Mohali district, Punjab were generated in GIS environment using Landsat imageries for the years 2006 and 2016 with overall classification accuracy and Kappa statistic of above 90 % and 0.9, respectively. The analysis of land-use maps indicated that the area under all land-uses decreased over a decade, except built-up land that increased by 372.27 ha (112.04 %) mainly due to urbanisation in the watershed. The change detection matrix revealed that out of 906.98 ha under agricultural land in 2006, 197.43 ha were mainly converted to built-up land. Likewise, from forest cover of 3462.21 ha in 2006, 151.11 ha were converted to agricultural land and 75.05 ha to built-up land. These land-use changes, if continued, may cause a serious threat to watershed resources, and hence calls for proper land-use policy formulation.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"17 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mathematical Modelling and Techno-economic Evaluation of Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal Forced Convection Solar Drying of Indian Jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana) 印度红枣（Zizyphus mauritiana）光电-热混合强制对流太阳能干燥的数学建模和技术经济评价
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018554.1671
Surendra Poonia, A.K. Singh, Dilip Jain
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling and Techno-economic Evaluation of Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal Forced Convection Solar Drying of Indian Jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana)","authors":"Surendra Poonia, A.K. Singh, Dilip Jain","doi":"10.52151/jae2018554.1671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018554.1671","url":null,"abstract":"Two identical units of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar dryer designed and constructed at ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, were used to dry Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana) fruit, one operated under natural and the other under forced convection modes. The fruits were dried to safe moisture content (24 %) in a period of 192 h in forced convection mode, and in 240 h in natural convection mode with drying load of 18 kg. There was a significant difference in performance of the dryer under forced and natural convection mode. The average thermal efficiency of solar energy utilization under forced convection mode was higher (16.7 %) than that of natural convection solar dryer (15.6 %). Logarithmic drying model was suitable for describing the thin layer drying behaviour of the fruit. Effective moisture diffusivity of forced convection dryer was 3.34 × 10-7 m2 .s-1 . Economic evaluation of the solar dryer indicated high value of IRR (54.5 %), and low value of payback period (2.26 years), suggesting the dryer to be cost efficient.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"2 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering Properties of Rice-bean Varieties from North-East India 印度东北部大米-大豆品种的工程特性
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018553.1659
Rejaul Hoque Bepary, D. D. Wadikar, P. E. Patki
{"title":"Engineering Properties of Rice-bean Varieties from North-East India","authors":"Rejaul Hoque Bepary, D. D. Wadikar, P. E. Patki","doi":"10.52151/jae2018553.1659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018553.1659","url":null,"abstract":"Rice-bean (Vignaumbellata) is a non-conventional, under utilized and multipurpose crop of South and South-East Asia. Eleven rice-bean varieties were studied for their colour, bean area, bean volume, sphericity, bulk density, true density, porosity, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction, and thermal transitions. Beans of variety JCR-08-10 had dark (L: 20.96±1.00), trifling red (a: 0.42±0.1) and minute blue (b: -0.69 ± 0.13) in colour. The length, width and thickness of all varieties ranged from 6.52 - 8.44 mm, 3.87 - 5.28 mm and 3.14 - 4.35 mm, respectively. The sphericity, bean volume and bean surface area of these varieties were between 63.02 - 69.9 %, 30.94 - 70.92 mm3 , and 51.09 - 87.73 mm2 , respectively. The thousand-bean mass, bulk density, true density, porosity, angle of repose of rice-bean varieties were 57.64 - 118.72 g, 820 – 877 kg.m-3, 1138.40 – 1388.79 kg.m-3, 26.47 – 40.57 %, 9.57-21.40º, respectively. The varieties JCR-08-8, JCR-08-12, JCR-08- 15 had comparatively higher bulk density than other varieties. The static coefficients of friction for glass, stainless steel and aluminium were 0.29 - 0.37, 0.38 - 0.45, and 0.35 - 0.55, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms revealed that JCR08-8, JCR-08-12 and JCR-50 had highest melting temperature ranging between 121.73 o C and 155.45 o C.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Low-cost Detachable Roof Greenhouse for Round the Year Cultivation of Tomato and Capsicum 开发用于全年栽培番茄和辣椒的低成本可拆卸屋顶温室
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018553.1663
P. Rai
{"title":"Development of Low-cost Detachable Roof Greenhouse for Round the Year Cultivation of Tomato and Capsicum","authors":"P. Rai","doi":"10.52151/jae2018553.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018553.1663","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse is a well-established technology for crop cultivation or nursery growing under controlled, or partially controlled, condition. The major hindrance in its widespread adoption is construction cost and environment management. A low-cost detachable roof greenhouse was developed for round-the-year cultivation of tomato/capsicum. The temperature under the greenhouse during winter season (November-February) was 1-3 0 C higher than at open field condition due to greenhouse effect. The temperature during summer season (March-June) in the greenhouse was between 5-46 0 C, and was lower than the temperature (6-49 0 C) under open field condition. During rainy season (July-October), the temperature recorded were 9-38 0 C and 12-41 0 C, respectively, under greenhouse and open field condition. The light intensity and relative humidity in the greenhouse varied between 0.7-53.2 klux and 14-96 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sorption Study on Developed Low-cost Solid Desiccant Material for Solar Dryer 太阳能干燥器用低成本固体干燥剂材料的吸附研究
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018553.1661
Arun Kumar Attkan, Nitesh, Y. K. Yadav
{"title":"Sorption Study on Developed Low-cost Solid Desiccant Material for Solar Dryer","authors":"Arun Kumar Attkan, Nitesh, Y. K. Yadav","doi":"10.52151/jae2018553.1661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018553.1661","url":null,"abstract":"A study was attempted to develop a solar regenerative Bentonite - CaCl2 based solid desiccant material, and examine it's moisture sorption performance and regeneration characteristics. The desiccant was developed from 60 % bentonite, 20 % vermiculite, 10 % CaCl2 and 10 % cement. Regeneration studies on the desiccant were carried out for moisture adsorption at 30 °C and 96 % R.H. for 144 h; and moisture desorption at 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C for 8 h. Regeneration temperature and time significantly affected the moisture sorption and desorption of the solid desiccant, and their combined impact was meaningful (p ≤ 0.05). Maximum adsorption capacity of the desiccant was 35.12 % (d.b.), and was efficiently regenerated by solar energy","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"26 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Extruded Snacks Using Maize, Soy, Apple Pomace - A Response Surface Methodology Approach 利用玉米、大豆和苹果渣开发挤压小吃--响应面方法学方法
Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.52151/jae2018553.1658
Shahzad Faisal, Indra Mani, Ram Kishor Gupta, Mridula D, Sunil Kumar Jha, Baljit Singh
{"title":"Development of Extruded Snacks Using Maize, Soy, Apple Pomace - A Response Surface Methodology Approach","authors":"Shahzad Faisal, Indra Mani, Ram Kishor Gupta, Mridula D, Sunil Kumar Jha, Baljit Singh","doi":"10.52151/jae2018553.1658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018553.1658","url":null,"abstract":"Response surface methodology (RSM) using a D-optimal mixture design was employed for optimisation of formulation for production of a maize-soy-apple pomace based extruded snack. Effects of ingredients levels as maize (50–70 %), defatted soy flour (10–30 %) and apple pomace (10–30 %) on the physical properties like bulk density, expansion ratio, colour, water absorption index and water solubility index, sensory and specific mechanical energy of snacks were investigated. Significant regression equations that explained the effects of different percentages of maize, soy and apple pomace on all response variables were determined. The coefficients of determination, R2 , of all response variables were higher than 0.90. Adequate precision for developed model of all responses was higher than 9.0, and corresponding CV was less than 1.9 per cent. Based on the given criteria for optimisation, the basic formulation for production of maize-soy-apple pomace extruded snack with desired sensory quality was obtained by incorporating with 70.0 % maize, 14.57 % soy and 15.43 % apple pomace.","PeriodicalId":180812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)","volume":"77 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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