Xiangyang Li, Tangguo Liu, Yongxing Lin, Lin Chen, Xingyou Tian
{"title":"Estimations of the Thicknesses of Smectic Layer and Rigid Amorphous Layer in Mesomorphic Isotactic Polypropylene with Synchrotron Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering","authors":"Xiangyang Li, Tangguo Liu, Yongxing Lin, Lin Chen, Xingyou Tian","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite extensive research, the stabilization mechanism of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene (iPP) at room temperature has not been elucidated completely. To address this issue, nanoscale structural information is indispensable. In this study, mesomorphic-α phase transition is studied with synchrotron wide-angle diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. It is found that during phase transition, the mobile amorphous content remained unchanged, while rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) decreased constantly, accompanied by an increase in long period. Assuming that the increase in long period is induced by the extension of the rigid amorphous coil (RAC), the thickness of RAF (<i>R<sub>RAF</sub></i>) is estimated, which is found to be 2.2 nm. This value is greater than the length of <i>b</i> axis in α crystal cell, which can be the reason that folded-chain iPP clusters in mesomorphic iPP cannot approach closer to form α crystal at room temperature. Besides, with <i>R<sub>RAF</sub></i>, the thickness of smectic layer is estimated, which is found to be 0.9 nm. At this thickness, bulk-free energy cannot compensate for the folded-surface free energy, which can be the other reason that mesomorphic iPP chains cannot transit into α crystal at room temperature. The information obtained in this study is favorable for understanding the stabilization mechanism of mesomorphic iPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Colorimetric Oxygen Sensing by Analyzing Chromaticity Points for Polymer Cobalt Schiff Base in CIELAB","authors":"Takayuki Suzuki, Yuto Tachibana, Ayane Kamimura","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer membranes of a copolymer ligand (L) coordinated to tetra-coordinated <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-ethylene bis(salicylideneiminato) cobalt(II) at the fifth coordinating site of the center cobalt(II), Co(II)S-L, are prepared to measure colorimetrically the color changes in response to rapid reversible oxygen binding simultaneously with slow oxidation under moist conditions to yield Co(III)S-L. The chromaticity point observed in CIELAB is the endpoint of the vector sum of the unit vectors for Co(II)S-L, O<sub>2</sub>-Co(II)S-L, and Co(III)S-L, scaled by their respective abundance ratios: (1 − <i>m</i>)(1 − <i>n</i>), <i>m</i>(1 − <i>n</i>), and <i>n</i>, where <i>m</i> is the ratio of O<sub>2</sub>-Co(II)S-L to the sum of Co(II)S-L and O<sub>2</sub>-Co(II)S-L and <i>n</i> is the ratio of Co(III)S-L to the total of the three cobalt complexes. The observed limited area in CIELAB as a stoichiometric Euclidean space is supported by the following two different reaction processes of the polymer membranes: an oxygen-binding reaction under several different partial pressures of oxygen supplied to the membranes in a short period, during which oxidation of the cobalt(II) complexes is negligible, and an oxidation reaction over a long period at a constant partial pressure of oxygen. The chromaticity points in both processes progress linearly in three different two-dimensional coordinates: <i>a</i><sup>*</sup><i>b</i><sup>*</sup>, <i>a</i><sup>*</sup><i>L</i><sup>*</sup>, and <i>b</i><sup>*</sup><i>L</i><sup>*</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"226 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achilleas Pipertzis, Athanasios Skandalis, Stergios Pispas, George Floudas
{"title":"Nanophase Segregation Drives Heterogeneous Dynamics in Amphiphilic PLMA-b-POEGMA Block-Copolymers with Densely Grafted Architecture","authors":"Achilleas Pipertzis, Athanasios Skandalis, Stergios Pispas, George Floudas","doi":"10.1002/macp.202470038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202470038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Front Cover</b>: In article 2400180 by Achilleas Pipertzis, Athanasios Skandalis, Stergios Pispas, and George Floudas, the nanophase separation in amphiphilic diblock copolymers with a densely grafted macromolecular architecture, was shown to drive heterogeneous dynamics as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"225 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/macp.202470038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneous Catalysts Catalyzed Photo-Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Photo-ATRP)","authors":"Guanying Chen, Xiaoyu Guo, Bo Hu, Lin Lei","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photo-ATRP technique has garnered significant attention due to its multitude of advantages, including its ability to be conducted under mild reaction conditions, user-friendly nature, and exceptional efficiency in polymerization. The heterogeneous photocatalysts not only exhibit exceptional quantum efficiency, but also possess a versatile bandgap that can be finely adjusted to accommodate a wide range of absorption wavelengths within the visible light spectrum, thereby emphasizing their potential for efficient recovery and reuse. The utilization of a variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts in photo-ATRP presents notable benefits for numerous applications, such as the lack of any remaining substances, simplicity in usage, and potential for reuse. This review focuses on recent progress in photo-ATRP utilizing a wide variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts, encompassing metal semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dot, upconversion nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, covalent–organic frameworks, conjugated microporous polymers, hypercrosslinked polymer, and carbon-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"225 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible Composites of Barium Sulfate Modified by Tannic Acid Using Glycerol/Starch for X-Ray Shielding Applications","authors":"Ryoma Tokonami, Minoru Osanai, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami, Tatsuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the X-ray shielding properties and mechanical properties of barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) composites based on a biodegradable matrix composed of glycerol and starch. In addition, tannic acid (TA) is used for surface modification of the BaSO<sub>4</sub>. Increasing the amount of BaSO<sub>4</sub> is necessary to improve the composite's X-ray shielding properties; however, as the amount of BaSO<sub>4</sub> increases, the composite becomes harder. The purpose of this research is to prepare a flexible X-ray-shielding composite even when a large amount of filler is added. TA easily coats the BaSO<sub>4</sub> surface, and its presence is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Elongation of the composites composed of glycerol, starch, and BaSO<sub>4</sub> is increased by 50% because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of glycerol and starch and those of TA. Consequently, the fracture behavior changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. However, the X-ray shielding properties are not changed by the surface modification with TA. The use of glycerol, starch, and BaSO<sub>4</sub> is a new approach to the development of biodegradable radiation shielding materials. In addition, as a surface-modification agent, TA is environmentally friendly. All of the composites are prepared from natural materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"226 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehrnoosh S. Raoofi, Jessica L. Bosso, James J. Noël, Johanna M. Blacquiere, Joe B. Gilroy, Paul J. Ragogna
{"title":"Examining the Properties of (Co)Polymer Networks Prepared by the Phosphane-Ene Reaction","authors":"Mehrnoosh S. Raoofi, Jessica L. Bosso, James J. Noël, Johanna M. Blacquiere, Joe B. Gilroy, Paul J. Ragogna","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer networks have emerged as materials with widespread application, including their use in drug delivery, catalysis, and flexible electronics. They have traditionally been derived from organic building blocks using well-developed reaction types. Advances in main group synthetic chemistry have opened the door for the production of new polymer networks, including those containing phosphorus atoms that offer the traits of Lewis basic phosphorus centers. Here, the radical-catalyzed phosphane-ene reaction is used to prepare (co)polymer networks from <i>i</i>BuPH<sub>2</sub>, trivinyltriptycene (<b>TVT</b>), and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (<b>TTT</b>), which are the first of their type to include <b>TVT</b>. Networks rich in <b>TVT</b> exhibited greater thermal stability and reduced network mobility compared to those rich in <b>TTT</b>. Despite the rigidity, 3D, and internal free volume associated with the triptycene units present in <b>TVT</b>-rich networks, their swellability is similar to networks rich in <b>TTT</b> indicating that the presence of phosphines may be a dominating factor in the respective structure-property relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"225 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/macp.202400267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gen Li, Rongtai Wan, Shuhan Liu, Lina Wang, Mangmang Yu, Jiang Zhong, Hanjun Yang, Ximei Liu, Baoyang Lu
{"title":"High-Performance Multipedal Shape Strain Sensors for Human Motion and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring","authors":"Gen Li, Rongtai Wan, Shuhan Liu, Lina Wang, Mangmang Yu, Jiang Zhong, Hanjun Yang, Ximei Liu, Baoyang Lu","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strain sensors from conducting polymer hydrogel have been widely employed in various wearable devices, electronic skins, and biomedical applications. These sensors provide outstanding flexibility and high sensitivity by integrating conducting polymer with hydrogels, making them particularly suitable for monitoring human motion and physiological signals like heart rate or muscle activity. Despite their extensive application potential, conducting polymer hydrogel face several technical challenges in practical use, including poor mechanical properties, lack of long-term stability, and difficulty in customizable design. This work introduces a method for fabricating a multipedal strain sensor using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)hydrogels through screen printing and demonstrates its application in human motion monitoring. The multipedal strain sensor demonstrates a low Young's modulus (200 kPa), high stretchability (400%), and excellent mechanical cyclic stability (3000 cycles). Furthermore, this strain sensor is further applied to detect human movements such as chewing, smiling, fist clenching, arm bending, and carotid pulse monitoring. Comparative analysis between the multipedal-designed sensor and the non-designed sensor highlights the enhanced sensing capabilities of the multipedal sensor. The design of this multipedal sensor holds the potential to broaden the design concepts for strain sensors and offers new insights for wearable devices and electronic skins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"225 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Magnetic Property of 4,4′-(2,6-Anthracenediyl)bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxyl) Diradicaloids","authors":"Takashi Kaneko, Ayako Ogawa, Masahiro Teraguchi, Toshiki Aoki","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthracene based phenoxyl diradicaloids are synthesized. The UV–vis spectra of them give absorption maxima around 700 nm attributes to the extended quinone structure. The diradical characters <i>y</i> of them are estimated as ∼0.6 from their static magnetic susceptibility and absorption maxima. The extended π-conjugated anthracene-linker enhances the diradical characters compared to the phenylene linker. It is noteworthy that these enhanced diradical characters are accomplished without steric effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"226 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Human Motion Monitoring","authors":"Jiarui Liu, Lulu Wang, Liangjiu Bai, Wenxiang Wang, Lixia Yang, Hou Chen, Huawei Yang, Donglei Wei","doi":"10.1002/macp.202400207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202400207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a flexible sensor is successfully fabricated using self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels for monitoring human movement. The eco-friendly cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are used as nano-reinforcing materials, and the mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency of the materials are improved. The self-healing efficiency of hydrogels are realized by introducing a variety of reversible non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, borax chelation, and metal coordination. Notably, the mechanical strength and self-healing efficiency of these nanocomposite hydrogels can reach 2.8 MPa and 89.9%, respectively. Importantly, these self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels have been widely used in wearable flexible sensors to achieve high sensitivity to large-scale human movement. It is of great significance to design functional materials with good biocompatibility, sensitivity, and mechanical strength for wearable sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"225 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}