Learning & memory最新文献_第6页

Diverse memory paradigms in Drosophila reveal diverse neural mechanisms. 果蝇的不同记忆范式揭示了不同的神经机制。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053810.123

Amoolya Sai Dwijesha, Akhila Eswaran, Jacob A Berry, Anna Phan

{"title":"Diverse memory paradigms in Drosophila reveal diverse neural mechanisms.","authors":"Amoolya Sai Dwijesha, Akhila Eswaran, Jacob A Berry, Anna Phan","doi":"10.1101/lm.053810.123","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053810.123","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we aggregated the different types of learning and memory paradigms developed in adult Drosophila and attempted to assess the similarities and differences in the neural mechanisms supporting diverse types of memory. The simplest association memory assays are conditioning paradigms (olfactory, visual, and gustatory). A great deal of work has been done on these memories, revealing hundreds of genes and neural circuits supporting this memory. Variations of conditioning assays (reversal learning, trace conditioning, latent inhibition, and extinction) also reveal interesting memory mechanisms, whereas mechanisms supporting spatial memory (thermal maze, orientation memory, and heat box) and the conditioned suppression of innate behaviors (phototaxis, negative geotaxis, anemotaxis, and locomotion) remain largely unexplored. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in multisensory and multicomponent memories (context-dependent and cross-modal memory) and higher-order memory (sensory preconditioning and second-order conditioning). Some of this work has revealed how the intricate mushroom body (MB) neural circuitry can support more complex memories. Finally, the most complex memories are arguably those involving social memory: courtship conditioning and social learning (mate-copying and egg-laying behaviors). Currently, very little is known about the mechanisms supporting social memories. Overall, the MBs are important for association memories of multiple sensory modalities and multisensory integration, whereas the central complex is important for place, orientation, and navigation memories. Interestingly, several different types of memory appear to use similar or variants of the olfactory conditioning neural circuitry, which are repurposed in different ways.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future avenues in Drosophila mushroom body research. 果蝇蘑菇体研究的未来之路。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053863.123

Ivy Chi Wai Chan, Nannan Chen, John Hernandez, Hagar Meltzer, Annie Park, Aaron Stahl

{"title":"Future avenues in Drosophila mushroom body research.","authors":"Ivy Chi Wai Chan, Nannan Chen, John Hernandez, Hagar Meltzer, Annie Park, Aaron Stahl","doi":"10.1101/lm.053863.123","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053863.123","url":null,"abstract":"How does the brain translate sensory information into complex behaviors? With relatively small neuronal numbers, readable behavioral outputs, and an unparalleled genetic toolkit, the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) offers an excellent model to address this question in the context of associative learning and memory. Recent technological breakthroughs, such as the freshly completed full-brain connectome, multiomics approaches, CRISPR-mediated gene editing, and machine learning techniques, led to major advancements in our understanding of the MB circuit at the molecular, structural, physiological, and functional levels. Despite significant progress in individual MB areas, the field still faces the fundamental challenge of resolving how these different levels combine and interact to ultimately control the behavior of an individual fly. In this review, we discuss various aspects of MB research, with a focus on the current knowledge gaps, and an outlook on the future methodological developments required to reach an overall view of the neurobiological basis of learning and memory.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glial metabolism versatility regulates mushroom body-driven behavioral output in Drosophila. 神经胶质代谢多功能性调节果蝇蘑菇体驱动的行为输出。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053823.123

Ruchira Basu, Thomas Preat, Pierre-Yves Plaçais

{"title":"Glial metabolism versatility regulates mushroom body-driven behavioral output in Drosophila.","authors":"Ruchira Basu, Thomas Preat, Pierre-Yves Plaçais","doi":"10.1101/lm.053823.123","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053823.123","url":null,"abstract":"Providing metabolic support to neurons is now recognized as a major function of glial cells that is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, research in this field has focused for more than two decades on the relevance of lactate and glial glycolysis for neuronal energy metabolism, while overlooking many other facets of glial metabolism and their impact on neuronal physiology, circuit activity, and behavior. Here, we review recent work that has unveiled new features of glial metabolism, especially in Drosophila, in the modulation of behavioral traits involving the mushroom bodies (MBs). These recent findings reveal that spatially and biochemically distinct modes of glucose-derived neuronal fueling are implemented within the MB in a memory type-specific manner. In addition, cortex glia are endowed with several antioxidant functions, whereas astrocytes can serve as pro-oxidant agents that are beneficial to redox signaling underlying long-term memory. Finally, glial fatty acid oxidation seems to play a dual fail-safe role: first, as a mode of energy production upon glucose shortage, and, second, as a factor underlying the clearance of excessive oxidative load during sleep. Altogether, these integrated studies performed in Drosophila indicate that glial metabolism has a deterministic role on behavior.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights from the past: the work of Hans von Alten on the evolution of brain structure, ecological adaptation, and cognition in hymenopteran species. 过去的启示：汉斯-冯-阿尔滕关于膜翅目物种大脑结构、生态适应和认知进化的研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053922.124

Randolf Menzel, Jürgen Rybak

引用次数: 0

The caloric value of food intake structurally adjusts a neuronal mushroom body circuit mediating olfactory learning in Drosophila. 食物摄入的热量价值从结构上调整了果蝇中介导嗅觉学习的神经元蘑菇体回路。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053997.124

Büşra Çoban, Haiko Poppinga, El Yazid Rachad, Bart Geurten, David Vasmer, Francisco Jesus Rodriguez Jimenez, Yogesh Gadgil, Stephan Hubertus Deimel, Idan Alyagor, Oren Schuldiner, Ilona C Grunwald Kadow, Thomas Dieter Riemensperger, Annekathrin Widmann, André Fiala

{"title":"The caloric value of food intake structurally adjusts a neuronal mushroom body circuit mediating olfactory learning in Drosophila.","authors":"Büşra Çoban, Haiko Poppinga, El Yazid Rachad, Bart Geurten, David Vasmer, Francisco Jesus Rodriguez Jimenez, Yogesh Gadgil, Stephan Hubertus Deimel, Idan Alyagor, Oren Schuldiner, Ilona C Grunwald Kadow, Thomas Dieter Riemensperger, Annekathrin Widmann, André Fiala","doi":"10.1101/lm.053997.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053997.124","url":null,"abstract":"Associative learning enables the adaptive adjustment of behavioral decisions based on acquired, predicted outcomes. The valence of what is learned is influenced not only by the learned stimuli and their temporal relations, but also by prior experiences and internal states. In this study, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to demonstrate that neuronal circuits involved in associative olfactory learning undergo restructuring during extended periods of low-caloric food intake. Specifically, we observed a decrease in the connections between specific dopaminergic neurons (DANs) and Kenyon cells at distinct compartments of the mushroom body. This structural synaptic plasticity was contingent upon the presence of allatostatin A receptors in specific DANs and could be mimicked optogenetically by expressing a light-activated adenylate cyclase in exactly these DANs. Importantly, we found that this rearrangement in synaptic connections influenced aversive, punishment-induced olfactory learning but did not impact appetitive, reward-based learning. Whether induced by prolonged low-caloric conditions or optogenetic manipulation of cAMP levels, this synaptic rearrangement resulted in a reduction of aversive associative learning. Consequently, the balance between positive and negative reinforcing signals shifted, diminishing the ability to learn to avoid odor cues signaling negative outcomes. These results exemplify how a neuronal circuit required for learning and memory undergoes structural plasticity dependent on prior experiences of the nutritional value of food.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles of feedback and feed-forward networks of dopamine subsystems: insights from Drosophila studies. 多巴胺子系统反馈和前馈网络的作用：果蝇研究的启示。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053807.123

Andrew M Davidson, Toshihide Hige

{"title":"Roles of feedback and feed-forward networks of dopamine subsystems: insights from Drosophila studies.","authors":"Andrew M Davidson, Toshihide Hige","doi":"10.1101/lm.053807.123","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053807.123","url":null,"abstract":"Across animal species, dopamine-operated memory systems comprise anatomically segregated, functionally diverse subsystems. Although individual subsystems could operate independently to support distinct types of memory, the logical interplay between subsystems is expected to enable more complex memory processing by allowing existing memory to influence future learning. Recent comprehensive ultrastructural analysis of the Drosophila mushroom body revealed intricate networks interconnecting the dopamine subsystems-the mushroom body compartments. Here, we review the functions of some of these connections that are beginning to be understood. Memory consolidation is mediated by two different forms of network: A recurrent feedback loop within a compartment maintains sustained dopamine activity required for consolidation, whereas feed-forward connections across compartments allow short-term memory formation in one compartment to open the gate for long-term memory formation in another compartment. Extinction and reversal of aversive memory rely on a similar feed-forward circuit motif that signals omission of punishment as a reward, which triggers plasticity that counteracts the original aversive memory trace. Finally, indirect feed-forward connections from a long-term memory compartment to short-term memory compartments mediate higher-order conditioning. Collectively, these emerging studies indicate that feedback control and hierarchical connectivity allow the dopamine subsystems to work cooperatively to support diverse and complex forms of learning.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Phylogeny of the Hymenopteran Brain. 膜翅目动物大脑的系统发育。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Print Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053894.123

Hans V Alten

引用次数: 0

How emotional contexts modulate item memory in individuals with high and low negative affect and worry. 情绪情境如何调节高负面情绪和低负面情绪及担忧情绪个体的项目记忆。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Print Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053891.123

Nina Becker, Simone Kühn, Andreas Olsson

{"title":"How emotional contexts modulate item memory in individuals with high and low negative affect and worry.","authors":"Nina Becker, Simone Kühn, Andreas Olsson","doi":"10.1101/lm.053891.123","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053891.123","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional stimuli are usually remembered with high confidence. Yet, it remains unknown whether-in addition to memory for the emotional stimulus itself-memory for a neutral stimulus encountered just after an emotional one can be enhanced. Further, little is known about the interplay between emotion elicited by a stimulus and emotion relating to affective dispositions. To address these questions, we examined (1) how emotional valence and arousal of a context image preceding a neutral item image affect memory of the item, and (2) how such memory modulation is affected by two hallmark features of emotional disorders: trait negative affect and tendency to worry. In two experiments, participants encoded a series of trials in which an emotional (negative, neutral, or positive) context image was followed by a neutral item image. In experiment 1 (n = 42), items presented seconds after negative context images were remembered better and with greater confidence compared to those presented after neutral and positive ones. Arousal ratings of negative context images were higher compared to neutral and positive ones and the likelihood of correctly recognizing an item image was related to higher arousal of the context image. In experiment 2 (n = 59), better item memory was related to lower trait negative affect. Participants with lower trait negative affect or tendency to worry displayed higher confidence compared to those with high negative affect or tendency to worry. Our findings describe an emotional \"carry-over\" effect elicited by a context image that enhances subsequent item memory on a trial-by-trial basis, however, not in individuals with high trait negative affect who seem to have a general memory disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of extinction timing on pre-extinction arousal and subsequent return of fear 灭绝时间对灭绝前唤醒和随后恐惧恢复的影响

IF 2 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053902.123

Miriam Kampa, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken

{"title":"The impact of extinction timing on pre-extinction arousal and subsequent return of fear","authors":"Miriam Kampa, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken","doi":"10.1101/lm.053902.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053902.123","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure-based therapy is effective in treating anxiety, but a return of fear in the form of relapse is common. Exposure is based on the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Both animal and human studies point to increased arousal during immediate compared to delayed extinction (>+24 h), which presumably impairs extinction learning and increases the subsequent return of fear. Impaired extinction learning under arousal might interfere with psychotherapeutic interventions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether arousal before extinction differs between extinction groups and whether arousal before extinction predicts the return of fear in a later (retention) test. As a highlight, both the time between fear acquisition and extinction (immediate vs. delayed) and the time between extinction and test (early vs. late test) were systematically varied. We performed follow-up analyses on data from 103 young, healthy participants to test the above hypotheses. Subjective arousal ratings and physiological arousal measures of sympathetic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activation (tonic skin conductance and salivary cortisol) were collected. Increased pre-extinction arousal in the immediate extinction group was only confirmed for subjective arousal. In linear regression analyses, none of the arousal measures predicted a significant return of fear in the different experimental groups. Only when we aggregated across the two test groups, tonic skin conductance at the onset of extinction predicted the return of fear in skin conductance responses. The overall results provide little evidence that pre-extinction arousal affects subsequent extinction learning and memory. In terms of clinical relevance, there is no clear evidence that exposure could be improved by reducing subjective or physiological arousal.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remembering what we imagine: the role of event schemas in shaping how imagined autobiographical events are recalled 记住我们的想象：事件图式在塑造如何回忆想象的自传体事件中的作用

IF 2 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053993.124

Can Fenerci, Bianca Adjei, Signy Sheldon

{"title":"Remembering what we imagine: the role of event schemas in shaping how imagined autobiographical events are recalled","authors":"Can Fenerci, Bianca Adjei, Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.1101/lm.053993.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053993.124","url":null,"abstract":"Much like recalling autobiographical memories, constructing imagined autobiographical events depends on episodic memory processes. The ability to imagine events contributes to several future-oriented behaviors (e.g., decision-making, problem solving), which relies, in part, on the ability to remember the imagined events. A factor affecting the memorability of such events is their adherence to event schemas—conceptualizations of how events generally unfold. In the current study, we examined how two aspects of event schemas—event expectancy and familiarity—affect the ability to recall imagined events. Participants first imagined and described in detail autobiographical events that either aligned with or deviated from an event, expected to occur in a context (e.g., a kitchen) that was either familiar or unfamiliar. This resulted in imaginations ranging from maximally schema-congruent (expected events in a familiar context) to maximally novel (unexpected events in an unfamiliar context). Twenty-four hours later, participants recalled these imagined events. Recollections were scored for the number of reinstated details from the imaginations and the number of newly added details. We found greater reinstatement of details for both the maximally congruent and maximally novel events, while maximally novel events were recalled more precisely than other events (i.e., fewer added details). Our results indicate a complementary benefit to remembering schematic and novel imagined events, which may guide equally important but distinct future-oriented behaviors.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0