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Syntactic ergativity and the theory of subjecthood: Evidence from anaphor binding in West Circassian 句法作格与主体理论——来自西契尔喀语回指绑定的证据
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900086
Ksenia Ershova
{"title":"Syntactic ergativity and the theory of subjecthood: Evidence from anaphor binding in West Circassian","authors":"Ksenia Ershova","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the role of subjecthood in the domain of anaphoric binding through the lens of West Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language with ergative alignment. West Circassian reflexives and reciprocals display a puzzling mismatch in binding directionality with transitive ergative-absolutive predicates. Reflexives treat the ergative agent as the structurally higher argument, with the bound pronoun appearing in the position of the absolutive theme. A reciprocal pronoun, by contrast, appears in the ergative position and is bound by the absolutive theme, suggesting that the absolutive theme is structurally superior to the ergative agent. The article demonstrates that both anaphors are constrained in crosslinguistically familiar ways, but reflexives are subject to an additional licensing condition that limits the set of possible antecedents to the highest argument in the thematic domain. By demonstrating that structural superiority is domain-sensitive, the article challenges the significance of subjecthood as a grammatical primitive and argues that it should be replaced with a tree-geometrical notion of contextually determined prominence.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48317409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
‘Language in the United States’: An innovative learner-centered, asynchronous general-education course in linguistics “美国语言”：一门创新的、以学习者为中心的、异步的语言学通识教育课程
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900095
Paola Cépeda, A. Antonenko, Mark Aronoff, Rachel Christensen, Aniello De Santo, Jennifer Jaiswal, Ji Yea Kim, Michelle Mayro, V. Miatto, L. Repetti
{"title":"‘Language in the United States’: An innovative learner-centered, asynchronous general-education course in linguistics","authors":"Paola Cépeda, A. Antonenko, Mark Aronoff, Rachel Christensen, Aniello De Santo, Jennifer Jaiswal, Ji Yea Kim, Michelle Mayro, V. Miatto, L. Repetti","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:LIN 200 ‘Language in the United States’ is a large general-education course dealing with linguistic diversity in the United States. It is taught online in an asynchronous format and attracts hundreds of students each semester. The pedagogical innovations adopted in this course include the use of guest lectures by leading experts in the field, the design of discussion board activities to facilitate interaction among students and with instructors, and the organization of the material into adaptable learning modules. We adopt a learner-centered approach using the backward-design framework and applying the community-of-inquiry model. The result is a course that succeeds in achieving its main learning goals: to introduce students to the vast linguistic diversity in the United States and to the basic principles of linguistics, in particular, that human language is primarily spoken or signed (not written), that every human group has its own language, and that all languages are equally capable of expressing any human thought or emotion, although their social prestige may differ.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographics in the formation of language communities and in the emergence of languages: The early years of ASL in New England 人口统计学在语言社区形成和语言出现中的作用:新英格兰早期的美国手语
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.a899824
Justin M. Power, R. Meier
{"title":"Demographics in the formation of language communities and in the emergence of languages: The early years of ASL in New England","authors":"Justin M. Power, R. Meier","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a899824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a899824","url":null,"abstract":"How may the structure of a new linguistic community shape language emergence and change? The 1817 founding of the US’s first enduring school for the deaf, the American School for the Deaf (ASD) in Hartford, Connecticut, heralded profound changes in the lives of deaf North Americans. We report the demographics of the early signing community at ASD through quantitative analyses of the 1,700 students who attended the school during its first fifty years. The majority were adolescents, with adults also well represented. Prior to 1845, children under age eight were absent. We consider two groups of students who may have made important linguistic contributions to this early signing community: students with deaf relatives and students from Martha’s Vineyard. We conclude that adolescents played a crucial role in forming the New England signing community. Young children may have pushed the emergence of ASL, but likely did so at home in deaf families, not at ASD.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A discriminative lexicon approach to word comprehension, production, and processing: Maltese plurals: Supplemental materials 单词理解、产生和加工的歧视性词汇方法：马耳他复数：补充材料
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a901049
Jessica Nieder, Yu-Ying Chuang, Ruben van de Vijver, H. Baayen
{"title":"A discriminative lexicon approach to word comprehension, production, and processing: Maltese plurals: Supplemental materials","authors":"Jessica Nieder, Yu-Ying Chuang, Ruben van de Vijver, H. Baayen","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a901049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a901049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Housing policy and linguistic profiling: An audit study of three American dialects: Supplementary material 住房政策和语言分析:对三种美国方言的审计研究:补充材料
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900123
K. Wright
{"title":"Housing policy and linguistic profiling: An audit study of three American dialects: Supplementary material","authors":"K. Wright","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarity subjunctives in German and Russian 德语和俄语中的极性虚拟语气
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900089
K. Sæbø
{"title":"Polarity subjunctives in German and Russian","authors":"K. Sæbø","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Subjunctives are typically used in intensional, or modal, contexts to talk about possible worlds, but they can also be licensed in negative contexts. While prior work has sought to unify these ‘polarity’ subjunctives with ‘intensional’ subjunctives, in this article I build a case that they represent, in German and Russian at least, a distinct use as negative polarity items (NPIs). This usage fills a gap in the typology of NPIs: unlike known items such as any or ever, which are taken to activate alternatives consisting of individuals, eventualities, or times, these items activate alternatives consisting of worlds.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Demographics in the formation of language communities and in the emergence of languages: The early years of ASL in New England 语言社区形成和语言出现中的人口统计学：ASL在新英格兰的早期
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900088
Justin M. Power, R. Meier
{"title":"Demographics in the formation of language communities and in the emergence of languages: The early years of ASL in New England","authors":"Justin M. Power, R. Meier","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:How may the structure of a new linguistic community shape language emergence and change? The 1817 founding of the US’s first enduring school for the deaf, the American School for the Deaf (ASD) in Hartford, Connecticut, heralded profound changes in the lives of deaf North Americans. We report the demographics of the early signing community at ASD through quantitative analyses of the 1,700 students who attended the school during its first fifty years. The majority were adolescents, with adults also well represented. Prior to 1845, children under age eight were absent. We consider two groups of students who may have made important linguistic contributions to this early signing community: students with deaf relatives and students from Martha’s Vineyard. We conclude that adolescents played a crucial role in forming the New England signing community. Young children may have pushed the emergence of ASL, but likely did so at home in deaf families, not at ASD.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A cross-language acoustic space for vocalic phonation distinctions 发音区分的跨语言声学空间
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900090
P. Keating, Jianjing Kuang, M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito, S. Khan
{"title":"A cross-language acoustic space for vocalic phonation distinctions","authors":"P. Keating, Jianjing Kuang, M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito, S. Khan","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Many languages use phonation types for phonemic or allophonic distinctions. This study examines the acoustic structure of the phonetic space for vowel phonations across languages. Our sample of eleven languages includes languages with contrastive modal, breathy, creaky, lax, tense, harsh, and/or pharyngealized phonations, and languages with allophonic nonmodal phonation on particular tones. In compiling and analyzing this sample we address related issues such as contrast vs. allophony, phonetic similarity across languages, and understanding complex contrasts of several multidimensional phonetic categories via data reduction. Based on extensive acoustic analysis, all of the languages’ phonations were mapped into a single phonetic space, which exhibits dispersion (languages with more categories use more of the space). The space is largely two-dimensional, with dimensions that can be interpreted phonetically (e.g. dimension 2 is like a traditional breathy-to-creaky continuum) and also can be related back to the acoustic measures that structure them, thus indicating which acoustic measures are most important across languages.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Exploring similarities in 'seem' constructions with experiencers in English and Spanish 探讨英语和西班牙语中“似乎”结构与体验者的相似之处
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.0002
Russell Simonsen
{"title":"Exploring similarities in 'seem' constructions with experiencers in English and Spanish","authors":"Russell Simonsen","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Sentences that contain the verb 'seem', an experiencer, and an embedded infinitival phrase (e.g. Jill seems to me to be smart) have traditionally been considered acceptable in English, but not in Spanish. However, a corpus analysis reveals that such sentences are produced in both languages, most commonly with the embedded infinitives 'be' and 'have'. Acceptability judgment tasks completed by fifty English speakers and fifty Spanish speakers further reveal that the embedded verbs 'be' and 'have' render this sentence structure most acceptable in both languages, and that the degree of contextual subjectivity in a sentence significantly affects acceptability. This study demonstrates how multiple data types can be used to uncover novel crosslinguistic patterns that have gone unnoticed in previous research that was based primarily on informal introspective judgments.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47878391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring similarities in 'seem' constructions with experiencers in English and Spanish: Supplementary Material 探索英语和西班牙语中“似乎”结构与体验者的相似性:补充材料
IF 2.1 1区 文学
Language Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.0010
Russell Simonsen
{"title":"Exploring similarities in 'seem' constructions with experiencers in English and Spanish: Supplementary Material","authors":"Russell Simonsen","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41892232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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