KnE Materials Science最新文献

{"title":"A Study of the Potential Use of Red Mud to Obtain Compositions Based on Portland Cement","authors":"E. Gerasimova, E. Gumirova","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The paper deals with the problem of utilization of red mud which is a waste product from alumina production using the Bayer method. The principal possible use for the red mud of JSC “Bogoslovsky aluminum plant” (Sverdlovsk region) for the compositions based on Portland cement is shown. It was found that the mud introduction accelerates beginning of the cement paste setting and thickens the paste reducing its mobility. It is concluded that the introduction of red mud up to 30 % is justified in terms of strength indicators. The work is carried out using mathematical planning of experiments. \u0000Keywords: red mud, Portland cement, active mineral additive, composition, properties, bauxite, chemical composition, cement stone strength, mathematical planning of experiments \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84052164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Efficiency of Air Cooling Devices By Creation of Independent Modules with Evolvent Profile Composition of Finned Tubes","authors":"E. Abdeev, R. Saitov, R. Abdeev, E. I. Shavaleev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000An analysis of the composition of the heat-exchange equipment at the petrochemical plants reveals that nominally more than 30% (and by weight about 50% of the total equipment) is heat-exchange equipment, including air-cooled units requiring replacement and reconstruction as a result of the end of their service life or corrosion erosion wear. Therefore, work aimed at improving the effectiveness of ABO is relevant. The existing problem of reducing the efficiency of air cooling in hot calm weather is compounded by the need for short-term humidification using a humidifier mounted directly behind the fan wheel when the air enters the diffuser. This dramatically increases the processes of corrosion and the formation of deposits on the surface of finned tubes (scale, fluff and dust). We have carried out a set of computational and experimental studies to evaluate the thermal efficiency of small-sized ABOs of various designs using a universal experimental industrial bench. The results of studies have established that vertical-cylindrical ABO designs are more energy-efficient and less metal-intensive compared to typical horizontal ones and allow for the influx of cold atmospheric air to the ABO inlet during the hot season. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: air cooler; heat transfer coefficient; thermal efficiency; design of a vertical cylindrical air-cooling apparatus; involute profile layout \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85029032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Waste Chemical Processing Germanium Concentrates","authors":"I. N. Tanutrov, M. N. Sviridova","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In order to increase the extraction of germanium in the technology of production of germanium concentrates, as well as finding ways to eliminate the accumulation of toxic waste using modern techniques and equipment, the physical and chemical properties of waste chemical processing of germanium concentrates (OHGC) of two domestic enterprises were experimentally studied. The main components of OHGC are: sulphate hemihydrate CaSO4·0.5H2O and hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 calcium. The moisture content of the sludge amounted to 30–50 %. The content of germanium in the cakes of both companies is in the range of 0.20 and 0.27 %, respectively, indicating the feasibility of recovery in the Ge. At the same time, the samples of cakes differ significantly in the content of impurities, which depends on the types of raw materials in the preparation of concentrates. Granulometric composition of cakes is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 12 μm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-15 μm. The distribution of particle sizes is shifted in interval of 0–15 μm, and the area of the particles less than 3 μm is not more than 10 %. The high dispersion of the cake is reflected in the specific surface area, which is 23.7 m2/g. Thermographic study found that the heating of the sample cake is accompanied by two endothermic effects of dehydration at 110 and 145–168 ∘C calcium sulfate and hypochloride semihydrate with corresponding weight loss of 13.1 and 12.9 %. The presence of toxic impurities (arsenic, zinc and lead), as well as chlorine, presents significant challenges for the development of disposal technology with the extraction of germanium. Assuming that the undiscovered part of the germanium in the concentrate is compounds or solid solutions with silicon dioxide, an effective technology should include their reagent high temperature treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: waste, germanium concentrate, chemical processing, waste, physical and chemical properties \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84942745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Concentrates As a Factor of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline Ores Efficiency Improvement","authors":"I. ., L. Gerasimova, A. ., B. ., G. .","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8071","url":null,"abstract":"Apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny deposits contain the largest phosphorus-bearing resources in the world, and, at the same time, they contain associated valuable components in the rock-forming minerals — apatite, nepheline, sphene and titanium magnetite. Intensive development of the Khibiny deposits with production of only apatite concentrate and a small part of nepheline concentrate resulted in the accumulation of over 1.0 billion tons of wastes in tailing storage facilities and dumps during 90 years of JSC Apatit operation. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the use of the main concentrates of apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny deposits and wastes for their processing is considered through the use of technological developments of the FRC KSC RAS, JSC RIFI and JSC Apatit to obtain traditional and new target products. A fundamentally new approach to the problem of sustainable use of natural resources is focused on establishment of the whole production chain in the region, from mining and processing operations to manufacturers of final high technology products (rare-earth products, welding and construction materials, coloring agents and other materials). They also determine the level of industrial technical progress. \u0000Keywords: Khibiny apatite-nepheline ores, mineral raw materials, extraction and processing, new materials","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88675440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction Recovery of Vanadium(V) by Amines","authors":"L. Kurbatova, O. Koryakova, M. Valova","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The extraction of vanadium (V) by N-(2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzyl)-β, β- dihydroxyethylamine was studied depending on different factors, such as pH of the medium, concentration of extracting agent, temperature and solvent type. This allowed the optimal extraction conditions to be determined. It was shown that extraction of vanadium (V) takes place with high distribution coefficients, and a complex containing a decavanadate anion and four molecules of the extractant is formed in the organic phase. The extracted vanadium (V) complex with amine is stable for more than one month. \u0000Keywords: extraction, vanadium, distribution coefficient, infrared spectroscopy \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88293083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using of Technogenic Raw Materials Based on Titanium-containing Slag and Aluminum Bronze for the Development of Composite Material","authors":"M. Zakharov, N. Ilinykh, O. V. Romanova, O. Rybalko","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this study, the possibility of using of the following technogenic raw materials to obtain a composite material was considered: titanium-containing slag, with the addition of aluminum bronze grade PG-19M-01 (TU 48-4206-156-82) and aluminum powder grade PA-4 (GOST 6058-73). The percentage of components in the mixture were as follows (wt. %): slag - 40, PG-19M-01 - 30, PA-4 - 30. A thermodynamic simulation of the selected system was preliminarily carried out using TERRA program in the temperature range 273 - 4273 K. The chemical and granulometric composition of the initial powders was investigated. From the powder mixture there were compressed the tablets and then they were sintered in an inert atmosphere. Micro-X-ray analysis of sintered samples showed that they consist of large particles of various shapes, most likely containing titanium and iron aluminides, their compounds between themselves and with copper. \u0000Keywords: titanium-containing slag, composite material, thermodynamic modeling, intermetallic compounds, pressing, powder materials \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91303497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical and Economical Substantiation of the Technology of Joint Pyrometallurgical Processing of Oxidized Nickel Ores and Sulfide Copper Ores","authors":"Alexander M. Klyushnikov, Evgeny N. Selivanov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8036","url":null,"abstract":"The technological scheme of processing of nickel and copper ores from the Urals deposits is substantiated, including calcination of oxidized nickel ore with limestone, partial oxidative roasting of sulfide copper ore, blending of calcines with coke, and melting of charge to obtain copper-nickel matte. The implementation of the scheme will increase the complexity of possible uses of raw materials and ensure a high environmental protection level. A feasibility study was carried out for the organization of industrial enterprise, which entailed the joint processing of oxidized nickel ores and sulfide copper ores with a capacity of 700,000 tons per year of a mixture of initial ores, including 400,000 tonnes of nickel ore and 300,000 tonnes of copper ore (dry weight). Finished products are: copper-nickel matte, containing not less than, wt.%: 3.3 Cu, 4.7 Ni, 0.6 Co, 1.5 g/t Au, 2.6 g/t Ag; granular slag containing, wt.%: 0.01–0.02 Ni, 0.01–0.02 Cu, 0.01–0.06 Co, 13–16 Fe, 44–50 SiO2, 13–14 MgO, 4–5 Al 2O3, 9–11 CaO; and technical grade sulfuric acid (mass fraction of monohydrate not less than 92.5 %). The planned enterprise is expected to produce the following annual volumes of finished products (not less than): 94,900 tonnes of matte; 512,300 tonnes of granular slag; and 235,500 tonnes of technical grade sulfuric acid. The estimated period of project implementation is 13 years. The total amount of investment costs is 1407 million roubles, current costs for the annual production program are 3820 million roubles. The financial results of the investment project are characterized by the following indicators: net profit is 5,735.5 million roubles, net discounted income is 1546.6 million roubles, the profitability index of discounted investments is 2.1, the internal rate of return is 36.4 %, and the discounted payback period is 5.5 years. The results indicate the viability and economic efficiency of the project. \u0000Keywords: ore, processing, sulfides, oxides, copper, nickel, cobalt, smelting, extraction, products, economy, indicators, efficiency","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76244538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using of Enriched Air Blast While Operation of Shaft Furnaces at LLC “Mednogorsk Copper-Sulfur Plant”","authors":"Ibragimov A.F., I. I.i, Skopov G.V., Kirichenko A.N.","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this article we consider the practices of blast smelting of copper-bearing charge with oxygen enriched air blast at Mednogorsk Copper-Sulfur Plant. The degree of air blast enrichment with oxygen has been increased from 30% to 36%, and productivity has raised by 20.1%. The copper content in matte has made up 33.0-35.3%, in dump slag – to 0.5% Cu. We have provided the mass and heat balances of the smelting. We have demonstrated the influence of air blast oxygen enrichment degree on productivity of blast smelting, solid fuel consumption, contents and quantity of smelting products. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: blast smelting, air blast, oxygen enriched, enrichment degree, furnace capacity, specific smelting rate, matte, anthracite \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining of Granulated Gypsum Anhydrite on the Basis of Technogenic Wastes of Chemical and Metallurgical Complex for Use in Portland Cement Production","authors":"A. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8059","url":null,"abstract":"The composition and properties of fluorine–anhydrite and steel–refining slag which are wastes of production of hydrogen fluoride and steel were determined. It is established that fluorine–anhydrite of the current output does not meet the requirements to materials for the production of Portland cement. Therefore to improve the technical and consumer properties of fluorine-anhydrite (for increasing the amount of CaSO4 ⋅2H2O and neutralization of H2SO4) the studies of its’ conditioning processes with steel– refining slag were carried out. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient of sulfuric acid through the capillary and the degree of its neutralization by slag depend on the dispersion of fluorine–anhydrite, its porosity and initial acidity. The most effective binding of sulfuric acid occurs with the introduction of slag in stoichiometric amounts, the size of fluorine–anhydrite granules up to 20 mm and a processing time of 60 minutes. After storage in air-humid conditions for 12 hours of fluorine–anhydrite treated with slag the strength of its granules, the amount of dihydrate gypsum and toxicological properties meet the requirements. \u0000Keywords: techno–gypsum, refining slag, neutralization, conditioning, gypsum stone, Portland cement","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of New Methods of Disposal of Processing Sulfur Wastes from a Hydro-carbon Feedstock to various Sulfur Derivatives","authors":"Nadezhda Titovna Berberova, Nadezhda Anatol’evna Pivovarova, Valentina Nikolaevna Storozhenko, Elena Vladimirovna Shinkar, Ivan Vladimorovich Smolyaninov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8038","url":null,"abstract":"The tendency to reduce the content of sulfur compounds in particular H2S and low molecular thiols (RSH) in oil products sets the task of their extraction and disposal in order to obtain practically useful sulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can be extracted from hydrocarbon fractions using N-methylpyrrolidone-as selective solvent. Hydrogen sulfide can be extracted from the residual oil products using a low energy exposure such as ultrasound and a constant magnetic field. The releasing gas is concentrated in N-methylpyrrolidone. Further, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans can be used in the chemical synthesis of biologically active thioethers containing a catechol fragment. Another way of H2S and RSH utilization is the chemical adsorption of acidic components by modified polynuclear pivalate (acetate) zinc(II) silica gel. As a result of the interaction of complexes with H2S and RSH, it is possible to obtain zinc sulfide or zinc thiolates, which can be used in various fields of industry or agriculture. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can also be applied in the electrochemical or microvaved assisted organic synthesis. This approach is promising from the standpoint of environmental safety of synthesis and low energy costs of the reactions. The SH-functionalization of hydrocarbons (indan, indene, decalin, tetralin, naphthalene and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene) leads to obtain biologically active compounds. \u0000Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, thiols, extraction, N-methylpyrrolidone, ultrasonic and magnetic treatment, microwave, redox activation","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80019006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}