KnE Materials Science最新文献

Efficient Recovery of Lignin and Hemicelluloses from Kraft Black Liquor 从卡夫黑液中高效回收木质素和半纤维素

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11602

Manorma Sharma, A. Simões, Patrícia Alves, Licínio M. Gando- Ferreira

{"title":"Efficient Recovery of Lignin and Hemicelluloses from Kraft Black Liquor","authors":"Manorma Sharma, A. Simões, Patrícia Alves, Licínio M. Gando- Ferreira","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11602","url":null,"abstract":"Black liquor (BL) from kraft pulping industries contains a large fraction of lignin and hemicelluloses and their efficient separation can open up new possibilities for integrated biorefineries. In this work, lignin and hemicelluloses were separated from BL and concentrated BL (obtained by ultrafiltration), by precipitation using acidification and antisolvent precipitation method, respectively. For lignin precipitation, different organic acids, namely acetic, lactic and citric acid, were used and the yield and purity of the extracted lignin were compared with the lignin precipitated using inorganic acids, namely sulphuric and phosphoric acid. Among the organic acids, the highest yield of lignin (57.2%) was obtained by lactic acid, but the extract also contained the highest levels of inorganic impurities (9.2%). The extract obtained from acetic acid contained lower inorganic impurities and the lignin yield was 48.1%. The hemicellulose was extracted from BL liquor that was concentrated using the ZnObased PES mixed matrix ultrafiltration membrane, which was started by first separating lignin (at pH 3.5, 4 and 4.5) from it. The supernatants from the lignin precipitation process were used as a source of hemicellulose and this was precipitated by using acetone as an antisolvent. The highest hemicellulose yield (54.4%) was obtained from the supernatant with the lowest lignin content and highest acetone to supernatant ratio. \u0000Keywords: acidification, antisolvent precipitation, hemicelluloses, kraft black liquor, lignin","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77487689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effect of Pre-Hydrolysis Reaction Conditions on Xylooligosaccharides Extraction in Eucalyptus Globulus 预水解条件对蓝桉低聚木糖提取的影响

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11603

A. Cunha, R. Simões

{"title":"Effect of Pre-Hydrolysis Reaction Conditions on Xylooligosaccharides Extraction in Eucalyptus Globulus","authors":"A. Cunha, R. Simões","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11603","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-hydrolysis-kraft of Eucalyptus globulus by autohydrolysis (batch) and with dilute acid hydrolysis (flow-through reactor) were explored in this study, to examine the recovery of xylooligosaccharides (XOs) from the pre-hydrolysis treatment. The results of this work support the potential reuse of the hydrolysate to increase the recovery yield of added value compounds. The pH of the dilute acid hydrolysis was maintained at 3.5 with acetic acid, to mimic the conditions of the batch reactor medium (autohydrolysis). An increase of XOs recovered was evident when the pre-treatment was in the flow-through reactor instead of the batch reactor. In the latter, a high concentration of furfural was recovered, showing the influence of time in XO conversion through hydrolysis. The total yield of pulp was higher in the flow-through reactor (36.4%) in comparison with the batch system (34.5%) after kraft pulping, which was expected, given the increasing time that the hydrolysate was present in the reactor; however, the difference was small and could have been the result of precipitated compounds in the latter, so this needs further analysis. \u0000Keywords: cellulose, Eucalyptus globulus, pre-hydrolysis kraft, xylooligosaccharides","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81105436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Water Reuse: A Risk Assessment Model for Water Resources 水再利用:水资源风险评估模型

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11623

A. Rebelo, Albertina Bento Amaro, F. Quadrado

{"title":"Water Reuse: A Risk Assessment Model for Water Resources","authors":"A. Rebelo, Albertina Bento Amaro, F. Quadrado","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11623","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demands for water for multiple purposes combined with climate change challenges are leading to water scarcity and quality deterioration. Portugal is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and therefore, the use of reclaimed waters has been identified as a suitable alternative water source for non-potable uses, such as irrigation, to overcome water shortages. In the last two years, new policies for water reuse have been approved at the Portuguese and European levels. The legal frameworks are supported in the international guidelines developed by the International Organization for Standardization, namely for irrigation, urban uses and health risk assessment. In this way, all reuse projects must follow a fit-for-purpose approach, i.e., the water quality needs to meet the requirements of its specific end-uses without compromising public health or the surrounding environment, and all reuse projects must conduct a risk assessment for health and the environment. Quantitative, qualitative or semiquantitative models can be used. Although a quantitative assessment may be desirable, these models tend to be complex and present high uncertainty. Furthermore, these usually require extensive data which are often not available. Accordingly, this study intended to develop a conceptual model to deal with the risk assessment for water resources, namely surface and ground waters. A semi-quantitative approach was employed for the risk characterization, using empirical qualitative judgment to assess the relative importance of hazards, exposure routes, scenarios and barriers in place. The use of a strategic assessment allows the quality standards that meet the needs of each project to be validated. The developed model was applied to a case study to illustrate its applicability. \u0000Keywords: water reuse, water resources, risk assessment, semi-quantitative model, compounds of emerging concern","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73387963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geotechnical Characterization of Biomass Ashes for Soil Reinforcement and Liner Material 生物质灰烬用于土壤加固和衬砌材料的岩土力学特性

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11626

L. Marchiori, André Studart, Maria Vitoria Morais, A. Albuquerque, L. A. Andrade Pais, Maria Eugênia Boscov, V. Cavaleiro

引用次数: 0

Chemical Characterization of Essential Oils With a Biocide Base for Conservation and Restoration 用于保护和修复的杀菌剂基础精油的化学特性

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11611

C. Baptista, Luís Santos, Maria Emília Amaral, Lucia Maria Silva

{"title":"Chemical Characterization of Essential Oils With a Biocide Base for Conservation and Restoration","authors":"C. Baptista, Luís Santos, Maria Emília Amaral, Lucia Maria Silva","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11611","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) are acclaimed for their antimicrobial properties, leading to their multiple applications in various fields. In this work, four aromatic plants were used, namely thyme (Thymus mastichina L.), everlasting (Helychrysum stoechas Moench), European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Hydrodistillation was the extraction method used, and the obtained extracts were composed of a variety of volatile molecules, mainly terpenoids and phenylpropenoids. The EO yields were determined, and the chemical composition of these natural products was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The yields varied greatly in the range of 0.99 to 4.27% (v/w). The two major chemical constituents of the EOs analysed by GC-MS were as follows: thyme – 1,8-cineole and champhor; everlasting – α-pinene and limonene; European pennyroyal – pulegone and isomenthone; fennel – trans-anethole and limonene. This preliminary study is an important contribution to the understanding of EO bioactive compounds that are under investigation to establish their ability to control the biocolonization of cultural heritage. \u0000Keywords: aromatic plants, chemical characterization, essential oils, green biocides","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89616328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of Hydraulic Conditions on Reclaimed Water Polishing Using Soil and Sand Columns 水力条件对土砂柱抛光再生水的影响

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11617

F. Silva, Ana Maria Antão-Geraldes, P. Scalize, V. Cavaleiro, A. Albuquerque

引用次数: 0

Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose With Bacterial Pigments: Optimization Using a Full Factorial Design Approach 细菌色素对细菌纤维素的功能化:全因子设计方法的优化

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11608

Lúcia F. A. Amorim, R. Fangueiro, I. Gouveia

{"title":"Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose With Bacterial Pigments: Optimization Using a Full Factorial Design Approach","authors":"Lúcia F. A. Amorim, R. Fangueiro, I. Gouveia","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11608","url":null,"abstract":"Pigments from natural sources, such as bacterial pigments, have gained increased attention in recent years due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and noncarcinogenicity. The intention to replace synthetic and oil-derived compounds is not restricted to synthetic dyes; other applications include the replacement of oilderived polymers for more environmentally friendly options, such as biopolymers. In this work, the functionalization of a bacterial cellulose (BC) biopolymer with bacterial pigments was explored using a full factorial design methodology to evaluate the best functionalization conditions to produce colored BC. From the factors and interactions evaluated, it was possible to conclude that the variable duration of the functionalization procedure could be reduced to a low level without significantly affecting the functionalization of the BC samples with bacterial pigments. Moreover, BC is a product with high industrial applicability, versatility, and sustainability. Hence, the multifunctional colored BC can be applied in the packaging, paper, and textile industries, among others. \u0000Keywords: bacterial pigments, bacterial cellulose, full-factorial design, optimization","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75481625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer Vulnerability Using DRASTIC Index 利用DRASTIC指数评价Entre-os-Rios热含水层脆弱性

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11628

Vanessa Gonçalves, A. Albuquerque, V. Cavaleiro

引用次数: 0

Degradation of C. I. Direct Red 80 by the Electro-Fenton Process 电fenton法降解c.i.直接红80

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11612

Boaventura Borges, A. Baia, A. Lopes, M. Pacheco, L. Ciríaco, A. Fernandes

引用次数: 0

Phytoremediation as a Sustainable Alternative for Organic Matter Removal From Slaughterhouse Wastewater Pretreated by Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation 植物修复作为一种可持续的替代方法，用于直接一步石灰沉淀预处理的屠宰场废水中的有机物去除

KnE Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v7i1.11621

L. Madeira, F. Carvalho, M. Ribau Teixeira, A. Almeida

{"title":"Phytoremediation as a Sustainable Alternative for Organic Matter Removal From Slaughterhouse Wastewater Pretreated by Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation","authors":"L. Madeira, F. Carvalho, M. Ribau Teixeira, A. Almeida","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11621","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, slaughterhouse wastewater previously treated by immediate one-step lime precipitation was treated using a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). A VFCW pilot scale planted with Vetiveria zizanioides in light expanded clay aggregates was used to study the influence of the organic load applied (3 to 212 g m−2 d−1) and the bed depth of the VFCW (0.35 and 0.70 m) on the organic matter removal (COD). Two VFCWs operated in parallel under continuous flow, and a hydraulic load of around 80 L m−2 d−1 was used. The results indicated that an increase in the organic load decreased COD removal efficiency. The bed depth of the VFCW had a significant influence on the removal of organic matter, with greater removal at high bed depths. For organic loads applied up to 9.5 g m−2 d−1, COD removal efficiencies of 71.4 ± 4.0% and 85.2 ± 3.4% were observed for lower and higher VFCW bed depth, respectively, which met the requirements for water reuse for irrigation. Throughout the tests, Vetiveria zizanioides did not show signs of toxicity, and its growth was substantial. \u0000Keywords: slaughterhouse wastewater, vertical flow constructed wetlands, Vetiveria zizanioides, organic matter removal, immediate one-step lime precipitation","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82270892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1