{"title":"Usefulness of Glycated Albumin Levels in Predicting the Maternal or Neonatal Complications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Late Pregnancy in South Korea: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jihan Kim, Sami Lee, Jong Sung Kim","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.24.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes can lead to complications in pregnant women and neonates. Maternal glycated albumin levels during late pregnancy may help predict complications in both mothers and neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in 120 singleton pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes who visited Trinium Woman's Hostipal between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. In this study, the patients' medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed using a two-step testing method, and glycated albumin tests were performed during the third trimester of pregnancy. The optimal cutoff value of glycated albumin for predicting maternal complications during pregnancy and neonatal complications was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 patients developed maternal complications, with cesarean section (39 patients) due to fetal cephalopelvic disproportion being the most common. As for the neonatal complications, eight neonates were macrosomic or overweight, while 15 neonates required neonatal intensive care unit admission. Additionally, 13 patients had concurrent complications affecting both the mother and neonate. The glycated albumin level in patients with complications was 12.87%, which was significantly higher than that in patients without complications (glycated albumin, 11.67%) (P<0.001). The optimal cutoff value of glycated albumin for predicting maternal and neonatal complications was 12.45%. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index were 66.7 %, 86.7%, and 0.534, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The third trimester glycated albumin test in mothers with gestational diabetes provides limited predictive value for maternal and neonatal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hea Lim Choi, Juyeon Yang, Hye Sun Lee, Ji-Won Lee
{"title":"Non-Insulin-Based Indices of Insulin Resistance for Predicting Incident Albuminuria: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Hea Lim Choi, Juyeon Yang, Hye Sun Lee, Ji-Won Lee","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0138","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that incident albuminuria is associated with insulin resistance (IR); however, an IR marker that best predicts the prevalence of albuminuria has not yet been established. This study explored the association between IR and incident albuminuria using various IR indices, including the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and compared their predictive abilities for the prevalence of albuminuria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,982 Korean adults from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. The odds of albuminuria were determined using the quartiles of the IR indices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the ROC curve and predictability. The cutoff values for albuminuria detection were also computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in the quartiles of all three IR indices was associated with incident albuminuria, even after full adjustment for covariates (HOMA-IR: odds ratio [OR], 1.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.311-2.772; P=0.006; METS-IR: OR, 2.236; 95% CI, 1.353-3.694; P=0.002; TyG index: OR, 1.757; 95% CI, 1.213-2.544; P=0.003). The area under the ROC curve for incident albuminuria based on the HOMA-IR, METS-IR, and TyG indices was 0.594 (95% CI, 0.568-0.619), 0.633 (95% CI, 0.607-0.659), and 0.631 (95% CI, 0.606-0.656), respectively. The optimal cutoff values for predicting albuminuria were 2.38, 35.38, and 8.72 for the HOMA-IR, METS-IR, and TyG indices, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The METS-IR and TyG indices outperformed HOMA-IR in predicting incident albuminuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"324-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sungkwon Cho, Joo-Hyun Park, Do-Hoon Kim, Hangseok Choi, Youngdoo Park, Hyun-Jin Kim, An-Na Lee, Junghwa Shin, Jaesun Ha
{"title":"Association between Combustible Cigarettes and Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Products and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Based on Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021.","authors":"Sungkwon Cho, Joo-Hyun Park, Do-Hoon Kim, Hangseok Choi, Youngdoo Park, Hyun-Jin Kim, An-Na Lee, Junghwa Shin, Jaesun Ha","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0172","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the increasing prevalence of anxiety disorders in Korea, there have been no nationwide studies on the association between tobacco status and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Furthermore, despite the increasing number of people using noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs), the association between NNTP use and GAD remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the association between tobacco use and GAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide study used data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021) and included 5,454 adults aged ≥19 years who self-reported on the tobacco use and mental health sections. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the odds ratios (ORs) of GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥10) according to tobacco status among Korean adults. The severity of anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to never tobacco users, the ORs of GAD for combustible cigarette smokers and NNTP users were 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-4.50) and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.16-3.83), respectively. The OR of GAD for former tobacco users was 1.63 (95% CI, 0.98-2.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tobacco use (combustible cigarettes and NNTP) was positively associated with GAD. However, in former tobacco users, there was no significant association with GAD when compared with never tobacco users. Given the OR of GAD among tobacco users, it is crucial to pay attention to screening for GAD and implement appropriate early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"317-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning for Personalized Fracture Risk Assessment: A Multimodal Approach.","authors":"Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Shah Sumaya Jan","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0134","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":"45 6","pages":"356-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunwoo Kim, Chang Won Won, Sunyoung Kim, Jung Ha Park, Miji Kim, Byungsung Kim, Jihae Ryu
{"title":"The Effect of Psychological Resilience on Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.","authors":"Sunwoo Kim, Chang Won Won, Sunyoung Kim, Jung Ha Park, Miji Kim, Byungsung Kim, Jihae Ryu","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0145","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Of the 3,014 total participants, we included 1,826 participants (mean age, 77.6±3.7 years, 51.9% female) who completed BRS and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Battery and the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher BRS score at baseline was associated with a lesser decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score over 2 years after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and depression (B, 0.175; 95% confidence interval, 0.025-0.325) for 2 years, which represents global cognitive function. Other cognitive function measurements (Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, Digit Span, Trail Making Test-A, and FAB) did not change significantly with the BRS score at baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that better stress-coping ability, meaning faster termination of the stress response, may limit the decline in cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"331-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive Health Strategies for the Post-pandemic Era: Integrating Physical Health, Psychological Resilience, Lifestyle Choices, and Occupational Well-being.","authors":"Su Hwan Cho","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.45.6E","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.45.6E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":"45 6","pages":"303-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary Isaac Merhavy, Tiana Junor, Aranice Gonzalez, Samantha Michelle De Filippis, Sarah Oveisitork, Eliu Rivera, Ifeanyi Ndukwu, Kanika Bhatara
{"title":"Long COVID: A Comprehensive Overview of the Signs and Symptoms across Multiple Organ Systems.","authors":"Zachary Isaac Merhavy, Tiana Junor, Aranice Gonzalez, Samantha Michelle De Filippis, Sarah Oveisitork, Eliu Rivera, Ifeanyi Ndukwu, Kanika Bhatara","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0085","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as the post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC), is a significant concern since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it still manifests in individuals with persistent symptoms and complications beyond the acute phase of infection. Defining this disease is challenging, as it manifests as a spectrum of symptoms varying in severity among individuals who have previously tested positive for COVID-19. Long COVID is more prevalent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and presents in various ways, ranging from pulmonary to extrapulmonary symptoms. This literature review examines the current body of research on long COVID with a focus on its effects on the cardiovascular, hematological, respiratory, renal, and neurological systems with systematically analyzed, peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the PubMed database. There have been several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects the aforementioned organ systems; however, research on the definite mechanisms is lacking, especially when considering the management of long COVID in the perioperative setting. The impact of post-COVID sequelae necessitates individualized management strategies tailored to each symptomatic profile, particularly in patients with comorbidities. The COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people and had a profound impact on those who developed PASC, lowering their quality of life and increasing potential surgical risks. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the specific risk factors for long COVID and who is most susceptible to it. Further research is required to fill these gaps and explore potential avenues for preventing PASC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":"45 6","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of Precision Medicine in Primary Care: A Struggle to Improve Disease Prevention.","authors":"Erlina Wijayanti, Zwasta Pribadi Mahardhika","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0165","DOIUrl":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":"45 6","pages":"359-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Doing Housework with a Walker? No Way!\": Exploring the Perceptions of Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults and Their Informal Caregivers on \"Informal Caregiver-Induced Forced Immobility\".","authors":"Parvaneh Ghahremaninasab, Haidar Nadrian, Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Fatemeh Zarghami","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.24.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.24.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family caregivers should focus on maintaining independence when assisting older adults with mobility. This may, however, bring about a counterproductive effect, namely Informal Caregiver-induced Forced Immobility (ICFI). This study explored the perceptions and experiences of older adults and their informal caregivers regarding ICFI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach and was conducted from January to September 2023 in Tabriz, Iran. Twenty older adults (aged 60 years and above) who had used a mobility aid, such as a cane or walker, and 14 informal caregivers were purposefully (purposive sampling) selected to participate in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was achieved. MAXQDA ver. 20.0 software (VERBI Software, Germany) was used to manage and analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the participants' perceptions, ICFI means that for an older adult, \"social interaction/social participation is limited,\" \"performing activities of daily living is disallowed,\" and \"engaging in physical activities and exercising is prohibited.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed the concept of ICFI from various perspectives in Iranian families with older adults, leading to a clearer understanding of this phenomenon. This aspect should be considered when developing intervention strategies for the care of older adults in home and residential care settings by, health practitioners, gerontologists, and policymakers. This research can serve as a foundation for future studies to develop pertinent indicators and tools for measuring ICFI in the hope of providing sufficient evidence to support interventions that aim to prevent or stop ICFI.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Presence of Anxiety or Depression Feelings and Its Associated Risk Factors among Immigrants in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Thi Thanh Lan Nguyen, Van Cuong Nguyen","doi":"10.4082/kjfm.23.0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The influx of immigrants into Korea has increased in recent years, affecting Korean society and the healthcare system. This study analyzed the frequency of anxiety and depression in immigrants, which negatively affects their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from a 2020 survey on the Health Rights of Migrants and the Improvement of the Medical Security System. Bivariate analyses and a multiple logistic regression model were used to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of anxiety or depression among immigrants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 746 immigrants, 55.9% of whom were female. The overall rate of anxiety or depression was 31.77%, with 38.3% in females, which was significantly higher than the 26.62% in males. The frequency of anxiety and depression was also strongly associated with certain immigrant groups, including immigrants of African or Western Asian origin (over 64%); those with student visas (60.53%); those who self-reported poor health (52%), physical or mental disabilities (69.23%), or chronic diseases (58.43%); and those facing difficulties accessing medical services (59.47%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed the frequency of feelings of anxiety or depression and associated risk factors among immigrants. These findings may have implications for policymakers in reducing the likelihood of developing anxiety or depression in the future and improving the quality of life of immigrants in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":17893,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}