Korean Journal of Anesthesiology最新文献

{"title":"Opioid-based versus opioid-sparing patient-controlled analgesia using ketorolac and nefopam after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.","authors":"Jiwon Han, Haesun Jung, Min Kyoung Kim, Yong-Beom Park, Seihee Min","doi":"10.4097/kja.25695","DOIUrl":"10.4097/kja.25695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioids remain widely used for postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, concerns about adverse effects and dependency drive interest in opioid-sparing alternatives. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of opioid-sparing patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after TKA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study, 98 patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia received either opioid-based PCA (continuous infusion of 1200 μg fentanyl, n = 49) or opioid-sparing PCA (continuous infusion of 150 mg ketorolac tromethamine and 100 mg nefopam hydrochloride, n = 49). Both groups received patient-controlled boluses of 300 μg fentanyl. The primary endpoint was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at rest on postoperative day (POD) 1, assessed using a 1.5-point non-inferiority margin. Secondary endpoints included additional analgesics, mobility, postoperative pain at rest and during ambulation, and adverse effects on PODs 1 and 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean VAS score at rest on POD 1 was 5.45 ± 2.48 in the opioid-based PCA group and 5.90 ± 2.31 in the opioid-sparing PCA group. The mean difference was 0.45 points (95% CI, -0.36 to 1.25), within the prespecified non-inferiority margin. Pain scores at each time point were non-inferior in the opioid-sparing group, whereas rescue analgesic requirements were significantly reduced on POD 2 (P = 0.006). Nausea and vomiting on POD 1 were more frequent with opioid-based group (34.7% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Opioid-sparing PCA with ketorolac and nefopam provides non-inferior analgesia to opioid-based PCA, while reducing opioid consumption and drug-related adverse effects after TKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":"213-223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination for postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Hee-Sun Park, Jun Hyuk Hong, Woo-Jong Choi, Dong Min Jang, Won Uk Koh","doi":"10.4097/kja.25833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.25833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Placement of an intraoperative urinary catheter frequently leads to catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in the immediate postoperative period. We assessed the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of acetaminophen/ibuprofen in alleviating CRBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blinded, active-controlled, randomized trial, adults aged 20-79 years undergoing elective robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups: intravenous acetaminophen 1 g/ ibuprofen 300 mg (FDC), 1 g acetaminophen alone, or 100 mL normal saline (placebo). The intervention was administered when fascial closure was initiated. The primary outcome was moderate-to-severe grade CRBD (grade ≥3) incidence in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Secondary outcomes included moderate-to-severe CRBD incidence at 1, 2, and 6 h; CRBD grade distribution; pain scores; 24-h opioid requirements; postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); medication-related complications; patient satisfaction; and Quality of Recovery-15K (QoR-15K) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 172 patients were analyzed (FDC, n = 58; acetaminophen, n = 57; and placebo, n = 57). Moderate-to-severe CRBD incidence at PACU was 46.6% in the FDC group and 59.6% in both the acetaminophen and placebo groups (P = 0.3). In repeated-measures analysis, CRBD incidence decreased significantly over time across all groups. Between-group differences at individual postoperative time points were limited and not consistently reproduced across assessments. No significant differences were observed in pain score, PONV, opioid consumption, medication-related complications, patient satisfaction, or QoR-15K.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perioperative acetaminophen/ibuprofen FDC administration was well tolerated but did not significantly reduce moderate-to-severe CRBD incidence in the immediate postoperative period. Further studies with scheduled-dosing and investigations in other surgeries are warranted for applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering postoperative basal infusion for opioid-sparing analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.","authors":"Woosuk Chung","doi":"10.4097/kja.26212","DOIUrl":"10.4097/kja.26212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adjustment of fraction of inspired oxygen using the oxygen reserve index during one-lung ventilation in pediatric patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jung-Bin Park, Pyoyoon Kang, Sang-Hwan Ji, Young-Eun Jang, Eun-Hee Kim, Jin-Tae Kim, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.4097/kja.24857","DOIUrl":"10.4097/kja.24857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One-lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery frequently requires approximately 100% oxygen, imposing the risk of hyperoxemia. This study aimed to assess whether oxygen reserve index (ORI)-guided fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustment can reduce the incidence of hyperoxemia in children undergoing lung resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled children aged < 7 years scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection. The participants were randomly assigned to either a conventional group (FiO2 adjusted based on arterial blood gas analysis [ABGA]) or an ORI group (FiO2 titrated to maintain an ORI target of 0.15). ABGA was performed 10 and 30 min after the start of OLV (T1 and T2). The primary outcome was the incidence of hyperoxemia 30 min after OLV (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 64 children (31 conventional, 33 ORI groups) were analyzed. The incidence rate of hyperoxemia at T2 was similar between the conventional and ORI groups (54.8% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.801). However, partial pressure of arterial oxygen at T1 was significantly lower in the ORI group than in the conventional group (214.6 ± 65.5 mmHg vs. 268.8 ± 92.7 mmHg, P = 0.014). The ORI group demonstrated a lower time-weighted average FiO2 during OLV (0.79 ± 0.12 vs. 0.87 ± 0.09, P = 0.004). The ORI group required more rescue interventions than the conventional group and experienced fewer episodes of hypoxia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ORI-guided FiO2 adjustment does not significantly reduce the incidence of hyperoxemia in children undergoing OLV but reduces time-weighted FiO2 and hypoxic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From index to insight: clinical perspectives on electroencephalographic spectrogram-guided anesthesia-a narrative review.","authors":"Akira Mukai, Jen-Ting Yang, Shao-Chun Wu, Tzu-Chun Wang, Feng-Sheng Lin, Chun-Yu Wu","doi":"10.4097/kja.251022","DOIUrl":"10.4097/kja.251022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processed electroencephalogram (EEG) indices, such as the Bispectral Index, have markedly influenced anesthesia practice as they translate brain activity into simple numerical indices. Nevertheless, as the manufacturing algorithms are not disclosed, the underlying neurophysiology remains obscured. Additionally, these indices are often affected by electromyographic contamination, pharmacological variability, and patient-specific EEG heterogeneity. In contrast, an EEG spectrogram, or density spectral array, preserves the frequency- and time-resolved structures of cortical oscillations. This information is presented in a form that is both physiologically meaningful and clinically interpretable. In this review, we trace the evolution of anesthesia from an index-based to a spectrogram-guided approach, and summarize the clinical rationale for adopting the latter. Key applications of this approach include the use of frontal alpha power as a biomarker of cortical stability and postoperative brain health, the identification of nociceptive arousal through alpha dropout and beta or delta arousal patterns, and individualized titration of multimodal or age-specific anesthetic management. Although current devices lack standardized quantitative alpha metrics and have limited sensitivity for low-frequency brain wave components, structured EEG education programs have proven to be effective in terms of fostering spectrogram literacy among anesthesiologists. By combining neurophysiological precision with bedside practicality, the EEG spectrogram represents a pivotal advance toward individualized, mechanism-based, and brain-protective anesthesia, transforming anesthetic monitoring from mere algorithmic abstraction to cortical insight.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between preoperative carbohydrate loading and intraoperative glucose levels in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: a single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Soohyuk Yoon, Taeyup Kim, Young-Jae Cho, Ho-Jin Lee, Wooil Kwon, Joon Seong Park, Jin-Young Jang","doi":"10.4097/kja.25960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.25960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate intraoperative glucose control during pancreatoduodenectomy to clarify the uncertain effect of recommended preoperative carbohydrate loading.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this retrospective study, patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between July 2022 and July 2025 were divided into three groups according to the dose of preoperative carbohydrate loading: control (no loading), 25 g, and 50 g. Patients with ≥3 intraoperative blood glucose measurements were included. Primary outcome was the intraoperative time-weighted average (TWA) blood glucose levels. Secondary outcomes were postoperative changes in HbA1c and insulin resistance, mean blood glucose levels postoperatively, and clinical outcomes. Perioperative blood glucose levels were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc analysis with Holm adjustment.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 625 patients were analyzed (control: 350; carbohydrate 25 g: 200; carbohydrate 50 g: 75), and 35.4% had preoperative diabetes. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Intraoperative TWA blood glucose levels of carbohydrate 50 g group were significantly lower than both control group (P < 0.001) and 25 g group (P = 0.018) in post hoc analysis (control: median [IQR] 160.7 [140.1, 177.1] vs. 25 g: 153.6 [138.6, 174.9] vs. 50 g: 146.3 [127.6, 165.5] mg/dL). Mean blood glucose levels during the first 12 postoperative hours and changes in HbA1c were also significantly lower in the 50 g group than other two groups. Changes in insulin resistance were comparable across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative carbohydrate loading was associated with improved perioperative glycemic control during pancreatoduodenectomy. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear mixed-effects models for analysis of longitudinal repeated measures: a conceptual framework for clinical researchers.","authors":"Hye Jin Kim, Kijun Song","doi":"10.4097/kja.25877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.25877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we provide a conceptual introduction to linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), statistical approaches that are used for analysis of longitudinal repeated-measure data, for clinical researchers with a limited statistical background. We begin by contrasting LMMs with repeated-measures analysis of variance, and highlight the limitations of the latter approach, including its restrictive assumption of sphericity and its sensitivity to dropout. We show that LMMs overcome these limitations by providing valid inferences under the missing-at-random assumption, accommodating unbalanced designs, and offering flexible options for modeling covariance structures. Beyond addressing the core assumptions of LMMs, we evaluate the implications of modeling time as a numerical versus as a categorical factor. We discuss approaches for handling baseline values, including longitudinal data analysis, constrained longitudinal data analysis, and analysis of covariance, and describe their relative strengths and limitations in both randomized and observational studies. We explain the roles of random effects and residual covariance structures and provide practical guidance for selecting candidate models by using exploratory plots and information criteria, such as the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Overall, by providing a clear and accessible conceptual framework, we hope to enable clinical researchers to understand, evaluate, and apply LMMs effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to choose cut-off points: statistical and clinical perspectives.","authors":"Boohwi Hong, Chahyun Oh, Sang Gyu Kwak","doi":"10.4097/kja.26031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.26031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous variables are often dichotomized or categorized in clinical research to improve interpretability or to align with clinical thresholds. However, arbitrary or poorly justified cut-off points can cause substantial information loss, reduced statistical power, and potentially misleading conclusions. In this article, we describe commonly used approaches for determining cut-off points, including guideline-based thresholds, median, or quantile splits, and statistically derived methods, such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-based approaches (e.g., Youden Index and related criteria). We also discuss the clinical and methodological implications of these approaches using illustrative examples and offer practical recommendations to support the transparent and appropriate use of cut-offs in anesthesia and perioperative research.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K-MIMIC: a nationwide Korean multi-institutional Multimodal intensive care dataset.","authors":"Young-Gon Kim, Jongho Shin, Sul Mui Won, Sang-Min Lee, Ho Geol Ryu, Geonhee Lee, Wookyung Kim, Dai-Jin Kim, Taehoon Ko, Tong Min Kim, Il-Woo Song, SuEun Jung, Jun Wan Lee, Jeong-Ho Hong, Jong-Yeup Kim, Da Hye Moon, Won-Yeon Lee, Woo Hyun Cho, Yoon Mi Shin, Soomin Jo, Byoung Jun Lee, Minjae Yoon, Borim Ryu, Jin-Heon Jeong, Seung Yong Park, Soung Sil Choi, Taeyun Kim, Hyung-Chul Lee, Eui Kyu Chie","doi":"10.4097/kja.25752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.25752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advancements in critical care have highlighted the need for comprehensive, multimodal datasets to support clinical decision-making and advancing artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, such datasets are scarce in Asia. We developed the Korean Multi-Institutional Multimodal Intensive Care (K-MIMIC) dataset by integrating structured electronic medical records (EMRs), high-resolution bio-signals, and medical imaging from multiple hospitals in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicenter study collected intensive care unit (ICU) data from 278,274 patients admitted to 71 ICUs across 10 hospitals between 2001 and 2023. The data modalities included structured EMRs, physiological waveforms, and imaging studies. Data extraction followed standardized protocols and de-identification procedures in compliance with the Korean Health Data Utilization Guidelines. Multimodal linkage was achieved at the patient level to enable temporal trajectory analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The K-MIMIC dataset contains 287,274 ICU admissions from 241,805 unique patients, including 22,588 bio-signal files and 496,999 imaging studies, primarily chest X-rays aligned with EMRs. Nearly 47% of ICU admissions originated in the emergency department (ED). Elderly patients (65-90 years old) constituted the largest age group. Fifteen thousand, five hundred forty-eight patients had EMR data linked with both bio-signals and imaging, enabling full multimodal analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The K-MIMIC is the first large-scale, multicenter, multimodal ICU dataset in Asia to provide a robust resource for critical care research, including AI-based prediction, monitoring, and longitudinal outcome studies. The dataset demonstrates the feasibility of secure and standardized ICU data integration across diverse institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key strategies in trauma anesthesia for severe hemorrhage: a narrative review.","authors":"Byung Hee Kang, Hye-Min Sohn","doi":"10.4097/kja.25734","DOIUrl":"10.4097/kja.25734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma anesthesia demands a high level of expertise. In this context, anesthesiologists are required to manage complex physiology and rapidly evolving scenarios in critically injured patients, who often present profound hemodynamic instability. In addition to providing intraoperative anesthesia, trauma anesthesiologists serve as active resuscitationists and are key players in the trauma team from the moment of the patient's arrival. General trauma resuscitation follows the ABCDE approach. The key areas of trauma anesthesia include airway management (A, airway), with rapid sequence induction and strategies for handling difficult airways; ventilation techniques (B, breathing) aimed at protecting the traumatized lungs under pressure; and hemodynamic resuscitation (C, circulation), which incorporates permissive hypotension, implementing massive transfusion protocols, and managing trauma-induced coagulopathy. Neuromonitoring and brain protection (D, disability) are crucial in cases of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, requiring precise blood pressure control and intracranial pressure monitoring. Advanced monitoring techniques (E, exposure), which include point-of-care ultrasound and invasive hemodynamic assessment, further enhance intraoperative decision-making. Above all, effective trauma anesthesia hinges on seamless interdisciplinary collaboration (F, force), with decision-making shared between anesthesiologists and trauma surgeons in high-risk surgeries. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of trauma anesthesiologists in severe hemorrhage management, one of the most critical challenges in trauma resuscitation, and emphasize that an integrated, proactive approach is essential not only for improving immediate survival, but also for optimizing long-term recovery of the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":17855,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145533832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}