Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Drilling Solutions for Offshore Wind Foundations and Export Cable Landfalls","authors":"M. Peters","doi":"10.2118/215572-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215572-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of renewable energies is the focus for future energy supply. Large offshore wind farms are to be constructed and connected to a high-capacity trans-mission grid. Due to the public environmental awareness, smart installation methods are required for fast and safe construction of offshore foundations and the eco-friendly landfall installation for the export cables, with minimal impact on surroundings.\u0000 The installation of offshore foundations requires drilled installation methods, espe-cially in non-drivable soil conditions and medium to higher water depths. In addition to limitations in certain ground conditions, conventional pile-driving is reaching its limits with increasing turbine sizes. Furthermore, pile-driving has a deep environ-mental impact. Noise emissions can either require complex and expensive noise mitigation systems or cause lasting damage to flora and fauna. In the past, offshore drilling rigs have only been a non- performance driven backup option for pile-driving installations. Today, the Offshore Foundation Drilling technology provides a com- pletely drilled installation of offshore foundations, e.g. for monopile structures, pin-piles or floating anchor piles. High drilling performances can be achieved, that were previously only known in the horizontal drilling industry. Lower forces on the foun-dation pile during installation allow a more economical static pile design. Acoustic emissions can be largely avoided which finally can also lead to longer and more flexible time frames for construction. In 2022, the first equipment worldwide has been used as a standard installation method for XXL monopiles for the St. Nazaire wind farm in France, installing a total of 73 monopiles by drilling and grouting with a drilling diameter of 7,700 mm, in wa-ter depths of 15 to 25 m in rocky seabed.\u0000 The landfall sections of export cables coming from offshore wind farms are usually located in sensitive coastal areas where the operation of heavy construction equip-ment is not possible due to environmental protection requirements. Also, when dyke structures have to be crossed, this sets further increased demands on the safety as-pects of respective trenchless installation methods. Even if HDD presents a common technology for the installation of casings for subsequent pull-in of the export cables, the alternatives with remote- controlled microtunnelling systems such as Pipe Jacking or Direct Pipe need to be carefully investigated. In any case, the drilling works can be carried out from onshore to offshore to reduce marine construction costs, whereas the protective pipe can be inserted from the seaward side in a second step. This paper will give an overview of the drilled approach for offshore founda-tions and the application range of trenchless methods for export cable landfalls.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROV-Based Multi-String Hot Tapping Optimizes Subsea Wellhead Annulus Abandonment","authors":"Iain Wylie, John Malone, Cody Shiung, Korakoch Thaisiri, Pobtorn Sripramote","doi":"10.2118/215578-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215578-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to access annular spaces within a subsea multi-string wellhead avoids HSE risk and subsequently reduces the cost and time associated with abandonment operations compared to that of typical rig workovers and diver-assisted repairs. This method was selected to access the annuli of plugged and abandoned exploration wells for remediation, prior to wellhead severance. The operation creates a controlled conduit to surface for pressure testing, venting, and cementing operations to each annulus in a multi-string configuration.\u0000 A set of subsea exploration wells drilled in the late 1980’s, slated for wellhead severance, had been plugged and abandoned. However, a wireline survey found evidence of gas trapped in various annuli, preventing severance until remediated, which could have introduced Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) risk during wellhead severance operations. These wellheads consisted of a 30 in. wellhead and various combinations of 20 in., 13 3/8 in., and 9 5/8 in. casings. To avoid rig workover or diver-assisted operations, a suite of ROV tooling was developed to gain controlled access to each annulus. The operation involved cutting a window into the wellhead, preparing a sealing surface for an isolation valve, and hot tapping a hole into the annulus. A downline was then connected for remediation operations.\u0000 The ROV-based subsea multi-string hot tapping method safely accessed a mixture of single and multiple annuli subsea wellheads. Over two campaigns of 42 wells, the typical time to complete a two-annulus well was three and half days and two and half days for a one-annulus well. The annulus remediation had mixed success; some wells pressure tested well after venting, other wells required cementing, and some wells with low injectivity and continuing pressure trends were plugged for remediation by a rig in a later campaign. Overall, the campaign demonstrated a new ROV method for controlled hydraulic access to the annular space of subsea wellheads for intervention and remediation.\u0000 The ROV-based method described in this paper has been applied for decommissioning the annulus of plugged and abandoned subsea wells prior to wellhead severance but could be applied for other annular access purposes.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129700694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Efficiency on Plug and Abandonment Campaign Using New-Generation Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo and Pitch-Catch Configuration Technology","authors":"Jose Bueno, Amit Govil, Sven Gundersen","doi":"10.2118/215495-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215495-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An operator on the Norwegian Continental Shelf oversaw the execution of a plug and abandonment (P&A) campaign comprising 32 wells in a mature field. The barrier evaluation plan was developed based on previous experiences in a field with similar properties and conducted by another operator that included the cement and solids evaluation using conventional ultrasonic technology. This paper describes how the introduction of the latest generation transducers aided in shortening the P&A campaign duration, saving days of rig time.\u0000 The entire logging plan for barrier evaluation within the32 well P&A campaign was custom developed, executed, and jointly analyzed by the operator and the service company. The logging intervals, well fluid and multiple casing size targets were considered during the strategic selection process. This enabled convergence to a solution that provided a comprehensive evaluation while avoiding multiple logging descents and achieving a faster acquisition speed without degradation of the results.\u0000 Acquisition capabilities have been constantly evolving over the past decades. The full data acquisition campaign described in this paper was improved from the original plan and adjusted to include a combination of ultrasonic pulse-echo and pitch-catch imaging measurements, third interface echo (TIE), an output of the pitch-catch method supported by and the traditional sonic technology response, enabling quick annular material identification as well as casing cut-and-pull decision making. The combination of all measurements allowed a robust solution that is independent from wellbore logging fluid and potentially unknown annular materials that segregates or changes through the life of these wells. The technology blend adopted in this field enabled a direct logging time reduction of 50% and allowed the acquisition of multiple nonconcentric casing sizes in a single descent, which is not possible with previous generation technologies. The overall result helped the operator to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during those operations by shortening the barrier evaluation campaign length by 10 rig days.\u0000 The operator was able to significantly reduce the rig time spent in the campaign the implementation of the latest ultrasonic barrier evaluation logging technology, thus reducing their overall GHG emissions without compromising the results of the original objectives.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Fracture at a Time - Saving Expenses on Lost Circulation Through 3D Far Field Sonic in the Gulf of Suez","authors":"A. Hegazy, Emad Abdel Hakim, Khaled Saleh, Radhika Patro, Syed Aaquib Hussain, Mrinal Sinha, Mariam Abdulla, Mohamed Ghanim, Renata Gomes, Mahmoud Galal, Mansour Al-Mansour","doi":"10.2118/215543-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215543-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lost circulation is one of the significant challenges encountered while drilling in a depleted reservoir. Downhole mud loss problems get accentuated while drilling through highly permeable or fractured reservoirs or drilling with inadequate mud weight. Worldwide, the expenses due to mud loss can be significant in the drilling of a well. The presence of fractures can act as conduits for mud losses into the formation in a depleted reservoir. Hence, a comprehensive petrophysical and geomechanical evaluation was needed to identify and characterize these fracture networks.\u0000 Though high-resolution image logs are the industry standard for identifying the presence of fractures, their shallow depth of investigation limits their information near the wellbore, and the extent of fractures in the far field couldn't be determined. Here, seismic, acoustics, and petrophysical data can shed information on the fractures at different levels. Understanding the stability of the detected fractures with the current-day stresses is vital in ascertaining its potential to support the flow of reservoir fluids. Thus, a collaborative workflow linking the high-resolution logs and deeper depth of investigation logs was devised for exhaustive characterization of the fractured reservoir.\u0000 Drilling through the depleted formations of multiple reservoirs was challenging because of the lost circulation problems, with mud losses going as high as 140 bbls/hr. Detailed analyses of different acquired data were conducted to understand and evaluate this naturally fractured reservoir. Image interpretation showed the presence of fractures, vugs, and dissolution features in different densities across various encountered formations. Acquired acoustic monopole, dipole, and Stoneley data were studied in diverse domains to understand other properties: Stoneley reflection and transmission analysis provided information on the openness of the fractures in the near wellbore. Since an extensive fracture network creates intrinsic anisotropy in a formation, anisotropy analysis and sonic waveform dispersion analysis were carried out to identify and characterize the acoustically anisotropic zones. A forward modeling approach incorporating image interpretation and acoustic data were used to model and interpret acoustic anisotropy associated with geological features such as beddings and fractures. It provided a consistent solution, differentiating open fractures from closed ones. Acoustic reflection survey analysis delivered insight into laterally extensive fractures penetrating as deep as 20 m. Detailed geomechanical analysis hinted at current-day pore pressure and stresses acting on different formations and was used further for fracture stability analysis.\u0000 This paper aims to describe how an integrated evaluation using geological, petrophysical, acoustic, and geomechanical analysis help delivers invaluable information on the laterally extensive, critically stressed fractures acting as primary culprits ","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireline Formation Tester Multi-Probe and Packer-Probe Pressure Transient Tests in Dry Gas Reservoirs","authors":"C. Alan","doi":"10.2118/215576-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215576-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most of interpretation and analysis procedures developed for pressure transients acquired by multi-probe and packer-probe wireline formation testers (WFTs) are used to conduct are based on the slightly compressible fluid of constant viscosity and compressibility. Hence, these interpretation and analysis procedures apply for oil and water bearing formations. There is a concern that the interpretation/analysis methods based on the assumption of slightly compressible fluid may not be applicable in the case of testing a single-layer or a multi-layer gas zone(s) with the effects of nonlinear gas properties including non-Darcy flow for multi-probe or packer-probe wireline formation testers. In the literature, to the best of our knowledge, there is no a comprehensive study investigating the validity of the above stated assumption for the interpretation of WFT pressure transient data in gas zones.\u0000 In this work, variety of cases considered for investigating the effect (or sensitivity) of non-linear gas flow on the pressure transients from multi-probe and packer-probe wireline formation testers (WFTs). These effects include gas gravity, variation of gas viscosity and compressibility with pressure, non-Darcy flow, position of active (flowing) and observation probes, mechanical skin and radius of skin (or invaded) zone, and reservoir heterogeneity in the vertical direction. A three-dimensional r-θ-z single-phase-gas fully-implicit finite-difference model for a limited-entry vertical well has been developed for the purpose of this investigation. The results show that for multi-probe wireline testers, the sink (or the flowing) and horizontal probe pressure responses are highly affected by the effects of the non-Darcy flow and invaded zone, while the vertical probe pressures are mainly influenced by the properties of the uninvaded zones with non significant non-Darcy flow effect. For packer-probe testers, similar results are obtained. Both synthetic cases are presented to confirm the theory and procedures developed in this work.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115091846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Method for Quantitative Diagenesis via Digital Rock Tools","authors":"N. S. Japperi, K. Wu, A. Starkey, C. Panaitescu","doi":"10.2118/215503-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215503-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The quantitative study of cementation plays a critical role in characterizing sedimentary rocks, with significant implications for geology, petroleum engineering, and environmental science. By understanding the evolution processes of cementation, researchers can enhance the interpretation of diagenesis in reservoir rocks and accurately quantify the properties influencing the displacement of hydrocarbons. Accurate quantification of reservoir rock properties is essential for developing reservoir models, particularly for heterogeneous rocks. Furthermore, understanding the pore system that controls hydrocarbon or CO2 flow in reservoir rocks is crucial for predicting hydrocarbon displacement and CO2 storage efficiency. Therefore, a quantitative method is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the diagenesis of reservoir rocks and their pore structure.\u0000 This study aims to use the detailed pore structure and diagenesis information from high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging to quantify the diagenesis linked to the reservoir rocks’ quality. The methodology involves categorizing rock samples into three different classes based on the quantification of pore and grain size distribution and cement spatial distribution features. The North Sea Oil Field data is used as a case study.\u0000 Here, it also presents a quantitative approach for classifying pore, grain, and cement features using gray-value threshold segmentation. The method consists of two steps. First, the quantitative cement features are classified. Then, we link the diagenesis process with these quantitative cement features, enabling the evaluation of diagenesis in sedimentary rocks and its impact on hydrocarbon displacement and CO2 storage efficiency. The results of this characterization method demonstrate its effectiveness in distinguishing and quantifying pore, grain, and cement distributions. Moreover, it establishes a connection with lithofacies and well logging features.\u0000 In summary, our study highlights the importance of quantifying cementation in sedimentary rocks for various engineering and scientific disciplines. By utilizing high-resolution SEM imaging and employing the gray-value threshold segmentation method, we successfully classify and quantify pore, grain, and cement features. The findings have significant implications for the development of accurate reservoir models and improved resource management.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126913741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slot-Jet-Isolate: A Next-Generation Explosives-Free Remedial Technology","authors":"Gary McWilliam, Alex Lucas, Keith Gaskin, Lars Jacobs, Steve Macpherson, Björn Ullbrand, Dave Molony","doi":"10.2118/215590-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215590-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Slot-Jet-Isolate (SJI) system is a newly developed, explosives-free and low-footprint remedial technology designed for full flexibility in the remediation and testing of challenging annuli for a variety of applications.\u0000 An extensive full-scale testing programme was executed with the support of industry sponsors to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Slot, Jet, Isolate (SJI) concept. Testing was performed on fully-cemented casings to confirm the ability of the slotting system to develop a hydraulic connection with the annulus for even the most challenging annuli not previously within the envelope of traditional systems. The learnings have been applied to further enhance the power of the slotting blades and robustness of the tool, and determine operational limits prior to initial field deployment.\u0000 Following the success of the first phase of testing, the tool was deployed for an operator in the UKCS to successfully slot casing and displace oil-based mud from the annuli of four subsea wells prior to the setting of environmental plugs, removing the need for explosives and successfully conducting operations more efficiently than the established approach. Since this first application, the tool has subsequently also been run offshore Netherlands to slot casing to facilitate washing and removal of annular solids prior to pulling casings during P&A operations. The potential of the technology for future fully-rigless deployment via the use of Coiled Tubing was also confirmed.\u0000 This paper will report on how the SJI system was developed with the help of effective collaboration between industry partners to accelerate its maturation from concept to successful field deployment in only 18 months, and will further demonstrate how this flexible technology may also be configured for applied casing recovery applications, in addition to its future intended application to annular cement remediation for well plug and abandonment (P&A).","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114028173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Location of Hybrid Offshore Renewables for Off-Grid Electrification: Case Study on North Sea Assets","authors":"W. Nassar, A. Aboushady, P. Slorach, Mark Miller","doi":"10.2118/215493-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215493-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Operators in the North Sea are looking for solutions to reduce their carbon emissions to meet the North Sea Transition Authority's target of carbon-neutral assets by 2050. Wind energy as an offshore mature technology has been adopted in all electrification concepts proposed for neutralizing assets emissions, despite its challenges in terms of intermittency and seasonal availability. These challenges would limit the penetration level of renewable energy due to a higher Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) which is recorded with scenarios based on wind energy only. This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of an islanded (off-grid) microgrid comprising a mix of renewable energy resources such as wave energy, floating solar PV and floating offshore wind for electrification of offshore assets. A case study is presented considering assets in the Central North Sea area to validate the level of battery storage capacity needed and LCOE using various mixes of renewable resources available. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used as a specialist platform for the optimization of renewable energy systems to obtain the optimal share of different energy resources at various penetration levels of renewable energy. The outcome of this paper is promising where the system LCOE and the size of the battery storage are dramatically reduced by considering a mix of renewable energy resources instead of a wind-only scenario. The idea of the renewable mix, proposed in this paper, proves that electrification with higher penetration levels could be achieved with lower LCOE which is a milestone for achieving net-zero assets.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123499664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of an In-Situ Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to Quantify Offshore Emissions from Facility Level Down to Equipment Group Level","authors":"Abigail Corbett, Brendan Smith, Bobby Melton","doi":"10.2118/215547-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215547-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As political, environmental, and social pressures build, oil and gas operators are searching for ways to effectively reduce methane emissions. The first step to emission reduction is to understand the current state of facility emissions, which is typically estimated using bottom-up estimations or measured using a variety of technologies. Increasingly, these bottom-up estimations are under scrutiny due to their lack of agreement with independent, contemporaneous measurements from mass-balance methods or remote-sensing observations. In an offshore environment methane emissions measurement is particularly challenging, especially considering the absorption/reflectivity characteristics of water which inhibits sensors that measure backscatter, such as LiDAR and satellites. Deploying a high-resolution methane sensor onboard a UAS maximizes safety while allowing for accurate emission quantifications, in a way that most other approaches cannot. In this work, methane emissions are detected and quantified in an offshore environment using the SeekIR sensor, an in-situ tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), mounted on a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS). In Fall 2021, methane leak detection and quantification surveys were conducted at offshore facilities in the North Sea and northwest Europe. The TDLAS system was deployed on a DJI M300 multi-rotor drone from a contracted supply vessel to detect and quantify methane emissions at the facilities. Methane concentration, wind data, and other ancillary data were used to perform a mass-balance calculation that resulted in facility-level emissions, independent from background methane concentrations. Operational challenges were encountered and overcome, such as vessel contracting, weather, survey design, and strategizing on valuable data products. Using algorithms that have been validated in third party field trials and metered controlled release experiments, methane emissions were calculated using the measured methane mixing ratios and wind data collected during the survey. Methane emissions were detected and quantified from the 5 offshore facilities, with the results from the surveys used to compare with the bottom-up calculation performed during the same operational period. In one of the first applications of its kind for industry, high-spatiotemporal, high-spatiotemporal methane emission measurement surveys were conducted in an offshore environment, showcasing the application of small unmanned systems proximal to offshore assets as a viable operational approach to meet internal, voluntary, and/or regulatory emissions reporting. Using UAS systems with a TDLAS sensor allows for effective, safe, and accurate methane emissions quantification offshore, saving time and limiting any potential scheduling issues involved with sending manned crews onto the platform. The closed system sensor can be used offshore over water and other high reflective surfaces, allowing for estimat","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Strategy for Site-Level Methane Emissions Monitoring to Meet OGMP2.0 Level 5: A Case Study","authors":"D. Heggo, P. Balcombe","doi":"10.2118/215548-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215548-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The voluntary Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP) 2.0 framework requires companies to improve their methane measurements and reconcile between source-level (bottom-up) monitoring and site-level (top-down) measurement campaigns. This study presents an analysis to develop a multi-site strategy for meeting level 5 OGMP2.0 standards. The framework involves a series of site assessments based on the available bottom-up emissions estimates, local weather data that impact measurement conditions, and emissions dispersion modelling. To demonstrate the developed framework, two site-level methane monitoring techniques (drone A and B) were selected for analysis of suitability on 6 gas assets, both offshore and onshore.\u0000 Firstly, bottom-up emissions estimates are collected for each site and assessed for data quality. The distribution of emissions for each source is used to develop a Monte Carlo simulation that analyses the benefit of conducting increased numbers of site-level measurements for reconciliation.\u0000 Weather has a critical bearing upon the capacity to conduct many top-down measurements. High-resolution weather data was synthesized for each region to determine the likelihood of a successful site-level drone measurement on each day during the year-long study period. A dispersion model derived using computational fluid dynamics was used to integrate bottom-up and weather data to shed light on potential estimation uncertainties from conducting site-level measurements across different days in the year. The results show that weather plays a very important part in predicting the success of a measurement campaign and the technique selection, with some sites having particularly restrictive rain and wind patterns. Sites with lower emission rates and high winds will not suit a site-level technique that monitors at distances of >250m. The quality of the bottom-up emissions estimations is also a vital parameter in decision making and data analysis: where the time resolution of source data is poor, it is not recommended to conduct several site-level studies as there is little potential for reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":178397,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Fri, September 08, 2023","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128314066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}