Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Primary Morbidity in the Population of the Far Eastern Federal District (Retrospective Analysis)","authors":"V. B. Shumatov, L. V. Trankovskaya, O. Gritsina, A. Yatsenko","doi":"10.15690/vramn12989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn12989","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The peculiarities of the economic and geographical position of the Far Eastern Federal District determine climatic, socio-biological and medical and organizational characteristics that affect the leading criteria for population health. A relevant and priority direction for the development of the macro-region is the study of the main indicators of population health, reflecting the organizational and economic potential of the region, as well as the preservation and promotion of public health based on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and increasing the availability and quality of medical care. Aims — study and analyse the primary morbidity of the adult population in the Far Eastern Federal District. Methods. A retrospective analytical study was carried out. An analysis of the dynamics of primary morbidity by rate of increase (decrease) and a comparative analysis of average annual primary morbidity, including major classes of diseases diagnosed for the first time in life, in the adult population in the macro-region as a whole and in its 11 constituent entities is given. I–IV, VI–XIV, XVII, XIX classes of diseases were taken into account according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision. Results. The Far Eastern Federal District ranked 5th in descending order by primary morbidity among other Russian macroregions throughout the study period. There was variability in the primary morbidity ranking among the constituent entities of the district. The dynamics of primary morbidity showed a moderate upward trend in 2017, followed by two years of stable trend, and in 2020 there was a moderate downward trend. The prevalence of disease in patients diagnosed for the first time in the population of the other federal districts of the country was characterised by individual variability. At the same time, in most macro-regions a moderate to pronounced decrease in primary morbidity was found in 2020 (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: from –2.3 to –7.2%), except for the Central Federal District (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: –0.1%) and the Urals Federal District (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: –0.2%), where this indicator remained stable. Conclusions. In the Far Eastern Federal District, characteristic variability in the level, dynamics and structure of primary morbidity among the population has been identified. A general pattern with all-Russian indicators was revealed, consisting in a decrease in incidence in most classes of diseases in 2020, except for X Respiratory disease, in which stability remained. The revealed features of the rank distribution of primary morbidity by classes of diseases in the subjects of the district will make it possible to be based on the principle of targeted distribution of funds when planning the volume of medical care to the population.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"8 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the 75th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Ivanovich Sergienko","authors":"Alexander M. Dygai","doi":"10.15690/vramn17934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn17934","url":null,"abstract":"January 5, 2024 marked the 75th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Ivanovich Sergienko, a leading Russian specialist in the field of physico-chemical medicine.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight and Obesity in Children as Predictors of Early Puberty: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"O. P. Kovtun, T. Brodovskaya, M. A. Ustyuzhanina","doi":"10.15690/vramn8810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn8810","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Obesity and overweight among children remains to be an actual problem. To date, the relationship between them and puberty has not been determined. Objective — to estimate the overweight and obesity impact on puberty in boys and girls. \u0000Methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out in the Medline/PubMed, Researchgate, Elibrary, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrialresults.org databases for the period from 2000 to 2023. Nine studies with a total of 24, 542 participants aged 0 to 18 years were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. \u0000Results. A significant relationship was established between precocious puberty in overweight/obese girls OR 2.23 (CI 1.63–3.05; p 0.00001) and a tendency to accelerated puberty in boys OR 1.43 (CI 0.92–2.23; p = 0.11). \u0000Conclusion. Overweight and obesity in children are determinants of faster rates of puberty, in particular among girls.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Instability of the Myocardium in Children and Adolescents","authors":"L. A. Balykova, M. V. Shirmankina, S. A. Ivyanskiy, A. Krasnopolskaya, D. Vladimirov, Tatyana S. Shablinova, E. N. Tyagusheva","doi":"10.15690/vramn13996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13996","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is no doubt that the problem of electrical instability of the myocardium in pediatric cardiology is relevant. The determination of various indicators of electrical instability of the myocardium, which are predictors of life-threatening rhythm disorders and sudden cardiac death, presents an underdeveloped task not only for functional diagnostics specialists, but also for pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric cardiologists and doctors of other specialties. Non-invasive research methods such as electrocardiography (ECG), Holter ECG monitoring (HM ECG), available in almost all pediatric treatment and prevention institutions, are quite informative in terms of detecting electrophysiological heterogeneity of the myocardium as a predictor of sudden cardiac death, which is especially important in children at risk, as well as young athletes. Thus, the determination of indicators of electrical instability of the myocardium is of great interest, it is a promising direction in modern clinical practice, allowing to predict the risk of developing fatal arrhythmias in children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"2008 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Theory of Self-Regulation of Parasitary Systems and COVID-19","authors":"V. Akimkin, Tatiana A. Semenenko, D. Dubodelov, Kamil F. Khafizov, S. Ugleva","doi":"10.15690/vramn11607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn11607","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The COVID-19 pandemic once again confirmed the correctness of the theory of Academician V.D. Belyakov, according to which the basis for the development of the epidemic process is a phase change in the heterogeneity of the biological properties of the interacting populations of the pathogen and humans. In accordance with the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems, changes are associated not only with genetic variability, but also with other polydeterminant characteristics of the pathogen: when new genovariants appeared, SARS-CoV-2 became less pathogenic for humans, but more contagious. This circumstance is important not only for theoretical, but also for practical epidemiology, as it makes it possible to predict the direction of development of the epidemic situation. \u0000Aims — to evaluate the manifestations of the epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 through the prism of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems. \u0000Methods. An epidemiological retrospective analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 was carried out, including the study of absolute and intensive incidence rates per 100,000 population, the dynamics of changes in the properties of the coronavirus population, and the identification of SARS-CoV-2 genovariants for the period from 03.2020 to 04.2023. To analyze SARS-CoV-2 genovariants at various stages of the pandemic, we used sequencing data presented on the SARS-CoV-2 genome information aggregation platform Virus Genome Aggregator of Russia (VGARus) — more than 248 thousand genetic sequences. \u0000Results. During the pandemic, there have been seven ups and downs in the incidence of COVID-19. During the period of circulation in the human population and adaptation to a new host, a significant amount of data has accumulated on the evolutionary changes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, taking into account the trends in the acquisition of new epidemiological properties. \u0000Conclusion. An analysis of the manifestations of the epidemic process of COVID-19, as a classic aerosol anthroponosis, confirmed the correctness of the theory of Academician V.D. Belyakov, according to which the basis of its development is a phase change in the heterogeneity of the biological properties of the interacting populations of the pathogen and humans, based on negative feedback in the process of self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"1992 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversial Issues of Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis","authors":"E. T. Ambarchian, L. S. Namazova-Baranova, Anastasia D. Kuzminova, V. V. Ivanchikov, E. Vishneva, M.I. Ivardava, Kamilla E. Efendiyeva, Juliya G. Levina","doi":"10.15690/vramn9965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn9965","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis (PsO) and atopic dermatitis (AD have much in common: both diseases are widespread, characterized by a chronic relapsing course, primarily affect the skin and lead to a quality reduction of life of patients, regardless of their age. The pathogenesis of these two dermatoses, which are the most common in the practice of a pediatric dermatologist, is quite different. PsO is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, the pathogenesis of which is associated with the involvement of the Th1 pathway: Th17 cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis. AD, in turn, is usually associated with high levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31 and IFN-γ produced by activated T-helper 2 (Th2) cells. The clinical symptoms and immunopathological responses of these two skin conditions tend to differ. However, patients with PsO may sometimes present with a skin rash resembling AD combined with intense itching and laboratory increase in immunoglobulin E (IgE) which may indicate the need to change the paradigm of dominance of only one type of T-inflammation in patients with these diseases.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periprosthetic Joint Infection as a Socio-Economic Problem of Modern Orthopedics","authors":"S. Bozhkova, R. Tikhilov, V. Artyukh","doi":"10.15690/vramn8370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn8370","url":null,"abstract":"Periprosthetic joint infection is the main social and economic problem of modern orthopedics with a recurrence rate of chronic forms of up to 23.2–31.5%. The aim of this review is to inform various specialties doctors about the features of pathogenesis, etiology and treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, which significantly differ it from of other surgical site infections. The severity of infectious complications is due to the suppression of the patient’s immune system and microbial biofilms. Surgical treatment of periprosthetic joint infection involves debridement with preservation or removal of the implants, resection arthroplasty and arthrodesis. Today, in the treatment of more than 80% of cases of chronic infection, a two-stage approach is used, which allows to restore joint function after an average of 1.0–1.5 years. An integral part of the treatment of patients is high-dose, long-term and combined antibiotic therapy, which allows you to effectively deal with the leading pathogens of periprosthetic infection Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, the share of which is 46.5–57.5%. In the conditions of growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, the interest of researchers in the possibilities of using bacteriophages in the complex therapy of infections of bones and joints has increased. The cost of treatment exceeds the cost of “aseptic” joint replacement by 2–24 times and is characterized by a high level of disability and mortality of patients. Taking into account the numerous factors affecting the course and effectiveness of complex treatment of patients with periprosthetic infection, a multidisciplinary approach is currently considered the main component of success. The medical and social significance and high financial costs of treating patients with periprosthetic infection indicate the need for further research and the active implementation of effective scientific developments in the practical healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcoidosis of the Skin as an Interdisciplinary Problem","authors":"Alexei V. Samtsov, E. Kryukov","doi":"10.15690/vramn11602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn11602","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas in several organs or tissues without caseous necrosis (fibrinoid necrosis may occur). With sarcoidosis, almost all organs and tissues can be affected, which determines the interdisciplinary nature of the problem. Skin sarcoidosis is one of the most common manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis. At the same time, the role of dermatologists in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is exceptionally large, since skin lesions are often the key to the discovery of systemic sarcoidosis, which allows internists to purposefully and timely diagnose and treat lesions of internal organs. Skin rashes in patients with sarcoidosis may occur secondarily against the background of specific lesions of the lungs, intrathoracic nodes and other internal organs, however, skin sarcoidosis may also develop primarily. All forms of skin sarcoidosis may be the only manifestation of the disease, and it is impossible to distinguish clinically and histologically between skin changes in systemic sarcoidosis and skin lesions alone. Treatment of skin sarcoidosis often presents great difficulties and includes, depending on the prevalence and activity of the process, local (corticosteroids, tacrolimus) and systemic therapy (immunomodulators, immunosuppressors, TNF inhibitors).","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Risk of COVID-19 in the Post-Vaccination Period Based on the Results of a Multicenter Study — a Survey of Medical Workers","authors":"E. Medvedeva, K. Zykov, Herman G. Marin, A. A. Ploskireva, O. A. Svitich, A. Kaira, Dmitry A. Nazarov, I. O. Volynkov, A. A. Kuzin, A. Kubyshkin, A. Tutelyan, Valeriy V. Beregovykh, T. A. Chebotareva","doi":"10.15690/vramn13998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13998","url":null,"abstract":"Background. One of the vulnerable categories of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic has become employees of medical and educational institutions. Timely and properly organized prevention, based on anti-epidemic measures based on vaccination, is necessary not only to reduce the incidence of the disease, but primarily to reduce the severity in case of its occurrence, reduce the risk of hospitalization. Understanding the effectiveness of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component of occupational health and safety policy and strategy. \u0000Aim — analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination among medical staff and teaching staff of medical higher educational institutions. \u0000Methods. In the period from January to March 2022, a cross-sectional retrospective single-stage online study was conducted (anonymous questionnaires posted on the Anketologist platform). The survey was completed by 6032 respondents (82% efficiency). According to the criteria, 2114 respondents were excluded from the study. The analysis was carried out according to the questionnaires of 3918 respondents, including an assessment of the incidence after vaccination (n = 3668 respondents). \u0000Results. Fell ill after a double vaccination for 5 months — 663 (16.9%). Unvaccinated respondents reported that within 5 months. prior to the survey, 116 (46.4%) had a laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection. Lack of vaccination increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.78 ± 0.14; 95% CI: 1.34–2.36). Efficiency within 5 months post-vaccination period was 55.5% (95% CI: 42.2–57.7%) for Sputnik V; 71.9% (95% CI: 68.1–85.4%) — Sputnik Light. It was found that gender and age were not a risk factor for the onset of the disease in the post-vaccination period. The presence of a history of previous COVID-19 increased the risk of disease in the post-vaccination period in individuals under 35 years of age (OR 2.323 ± 0.102; 95% CI: 1.903–2.836), aged 36–64 years (OR 2.547 ± 0.086; 95% CI: 2.150–3.016), older than 65 years (OR 1.323 ± 0.280; 95% CI: 0.764–2.290). Respondents with a history of a combination of chronic cardiovascular pathology and past COVID-19 had a higher risk of getting sick in the post-vaccination period (OR 1.338 ± 0.160; 95% CI: 0.977–1.832). \u0000Conclusion. According to the questionnaire, an important factor affecting the risk of COVID-19 in the post-vaccination period is the presence of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination, which can increase the chance of developing the disease in the presence of other risk factors (chronic pathology, age, smoking, alcohol consumption).","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Approach to the Management of Acneiform Rash Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors","authors":"L. S. Kruglova, E. A. Shatokhina, A. S. Polonskaia","doi":"10.15690/vramn10927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn10927","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale. Acneiform (papulopustular) rash is the leading dermatological adverse event of EGFR inhibitors. The development of optimal regimens for the supportive treatment of acneiform rash remains an important interdisciplinary problem in supportive oncology. Aims — to comparatively evaluate the clinical efficacy of the supportive treatment for acneiform rash induced by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, including topical treatment with ivermectin cream and balneotherapy. Methods. In an open, prospective, randomized study, data from 114 patients with acneiform rash induced by monoclonal antibodies to EGFR were analyzed. All groups received intermittent supportive treatment according to a single regimen, continuous external therapy included: in group 1 — hypotonic thermal water, in group 2 — ivermectin 1% cream, in group 3 — hypotonic thermal water and ivermectin 1% cream. The observation period was 3 months. Acneiform rash severity was assessed using the CTCAE-NCI v5.0 criteria and a developed acneiform rash clinical severity scale. The intensity of subjective symptoms was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The modified dermatological life quality index (mDLQI) was used to assess the impact of acneiform rash on patient’s quality of life. Results. A significant decrease in all of the studied parameters was observed in the groups by the end of the 1st week of supportive treatment and remained up to the end of the observation period (p 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between groups 2 and 3 with respect to the acneiform rash clinical severity scale, but their values were significantly lower than those of group 1 (group 1 vs. group 2, p 0.001; group 1 vs. group 3, p 0.001). The most rapid resolution of all subjective symptoms was observed in group 3. Significantly lower mDLQI values were also observed in group 3 starting from the 1st week of supportive treatment until the end of the follow-up period (р 0.05). No severe adverse reactions were registered in any of the groups during the study. Conclusions. The developed regimens for the supportive treatment of acneiform rash have demonstrated a high efficacy in resolving papulopustular rash and associated subjective symptoms. The use of a complex approach including continuous topical therapy with ivermectin cream and hypotonic thermal water leads to the resolution of rash and relief of subjective symptoms in the shortest time, allows to safely maintain the achieved clinical effect for a long period of observation, has the most significant positive impact on the quality of life of cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}