Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Collagen Production, Collagenase Activity and Amino Acids Level on Formation of Fetal Growth Restriction in Women with Placental Insufficiency","authors":"I. Krukier, V. Avrutskaya, M. Levkovich, A.V. Galusyak, A. Grigoriants, A. A. Nikashina","doi":"10.15690/vramn2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2104","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale. According to WHO, about 21 million children are born annually in the world with low body weight. Currently, the problems of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of fetal growth retardation (FGR) are very relevant for obstetrics and perinatology. Purpose to study the level of collagen (COL1) collagenase activity (MMP1), and content of proline, ornithine in the maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood of patients with placental insufficiency, and to identify their role in the formation of fetal growth restriction (FGR) during early pregnancy. Methods. 150 women were examined, which made up 2 groups control (with uncomplicated pregnancy, n = 105) and main (with IUGR, n = 45). All measurements were performed in maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood of women of both groups. Collagen content and collagenase activity are determined by ELISA kits, USA. Determination of amino acids (proline, ornithine) was carried out by capillary electrophoresis on the device Capel-105 (St. Petersburg). Results. As a result of the correlation analysis in the study of all biofluids by the Spearman method with the calculation of the rank correlation coefficient (r) in the group of women with FGR, significant correlations between collagen production and collagenase activity were revealed. The most pronounced interdependence (r = 0.85; p 0.05) was found in the maternal blood serum. Conclusions. A relationship was found between the studied parameters (collagen, collagenase, proline, ornithine) in blood serum, amniotic fluid, cord blood and placenta of women with placental insufficiency and their role in the formation of fetal growth retardation was established.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126416427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Human Saliva in vitro Under the Action of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Radiation","authors":"O. Yanushevich, I. Maev, E. Bazikyan, A. A. Chunikhin","doi":"10.15690/vramn2141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2141","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The development of new laser devices for use in the treatment of complex dental pathology and microsurgery of the oral cavity with unique parameters with the ability to generate nanosecond pulsed radiation in a quasi-monochromatic radiation band is necessary. The high peak output power per pulse allows laser light to penetrate deeper into biological media without significant heating. The possibility of excitation of singlet oxygen without the use of endogenous photosensitizers is an indisputable advantage of such laser generators. \u0000Aims study of singlet oxygen generation in human oral fluid in vitro depending on the parameters of nanosecond pulsed laser radiation with a wavelength of ~1265 nm. \u0000Methods. We used a laser device with a main infrared (IR) emitter with a wavelength approximately corresponding to the oxygen absorption maximum (~1265 nm) with the generation of nanosecond pulsed radiation. A study was carried out to study the generation of singlet oxygen in the human oral fluid and the washing out of the oral fluid by the fading of the trap in solutions under the action of laser radiation before irradiation, after 30 and 60 min. The laser radiation parameters were set as follows: power 1 W, nanosecond pulsed radiation with a pulse duration of 400 ns and a frequency of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MHz in comparison with the continuous radiation mode. \u0000Results. It has been established that nanosecond laser radiation leads to the oxidation of a chemical singlet oxygen trap solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.05 M SDS) detergent in the oral fluid and saliva flushing from the oral cavity. In pulsed nanosecond modes, laser radiation is more efficient than in continuous mode. With an increase in the repetition frequency, an increase in the effect by an average of 10% compared to a lower frequency was observed and the effect with a maximum frequency of 2.0 MHz was almost 50% higher than when using continuous radiation in all studies. A decrease in optical density at 414 nm was reliably observed in samples with oral fluid washing, the effect was 0.07 0.01 for 60 min of exposure. In the oral fluid, the effect with the same parameters was slightly lower and amounted to 0.05 0.03. \u0000Conclusions. The rate of fading of the trap in the saliva wash turned out to be 1.3 times faster than in water with detergent, which may indicate the activation of photoacceptors and their oversaturation with oxygen when using aqueous dilution of the oral fluid. The maximum effect was observed when using laser radiation with a pulse repetition rate of 2.0 MHz.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125438269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in Russia: Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Monitoring","authors":"V. Akimkin, T. Semenenko, S. Ugleva, Dmitry V. Dubodelov, S. Kuzin, Svetlana B. Yacyshina, K. Khafizov, V. V. Petrov, A. Cherkashina, G. Gasanov, N. Svanadze","doi":"10.15690/vramn2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2121","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed health problems, but at the same time has become a powerful impetus for the development of new scientific research in the field of epidemiology, clinic of infectious diseases, diagnostics, bioinformatics and digital methods. On the basis of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, new unique test systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA based on real-time PCR based on loop isothermal amplification (IT) technology have been developed, which allows you to examine samples 34 times faster than those developed previously. The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor has developed and put into operation the Russian Platform for Aggregation of Information on Virus Genomes (VGARus). The VGARus database contains information about the nucleotide sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses and their mutations, and the SOLAR Integration Platform has been created to quickly transfer the results of PCR studies to all interested citizens of the Russian Federation. \u0000Aims to study the manifestations of the epidemic process of COVID-19 and the prevalence of genovariants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the Russian Federation. \u0000Methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 was carried out from March 30, 2020 to May 17, 2022 in the Russian Federation. The database was formed on the basis of the materials of the Rospotrebnadzor report form No. 970 Information on cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection, data from the WHO, the domestic information portal Stopkoronavirus.rf and the Yandex DataLens data visualization and analysis service were used, information on SARS-CoV-2 genovariants in the VGARus database. \u0000Results. When analyzing the manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Russian Federation for 20202022. Two stages have been identified. The first stage was characterized by the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from megacities to other regions of the country and the use of non-specific prevention measures. The beginning of the second was due to the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and a change in its biological properties, followed by a change in the prevailing genovariants on the territory of the Russian Federation. \u0000Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that with each subsequent increase in the incidence of COVID-19, there was a decrease in the severity of the course and the proportion of pneumonia in the structure of the clinical forms of the disease.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132986077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Neurosurgery — the Multidisciplinary Integration of Competences an Technologies","authors":"Dmitry Y. Usachev, A. Konovalov, A. Potapov, I. Pronin, N. Konovalov, A. Golanov, G. Danilov, G. Kobyakov, A. Shkarubo","doi":"10.15690/vramn2178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2178","url":null,"abstract":"Modern neurosurgery is based on the complex integration of basic and applied neurosciences and technologies. A significant number of different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are used to prolong a patients life and preserve its quality to the maximum. At the same time, neurosurgery is the only clinical discipline providing direct access to the living human brain. A large body of information on the nervous system state and pathology, routinely generated in neurosurgery, attract specialists from the related medical and biological sciences. Such close cooperation of physicians, biologists, chemists, physicists, mathematicians, engineers, and other specialists ensures rapid and continuous improvement of neurosurgical treatment. This article highlights the spectrum of technologies in modern neurosurgery, the research tasks facing this specialty, and briefly the activities of the National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko the leading neurosurgical institution of the Russian Federation in priority clinical and scientific areas.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130494880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Radiation Diagnostics and Intelligent Personalized Technologies in Hepatopancreatology","authors":"G. G. Kаrmаzаnovsky, E. Kondratyev, I. Gruzdev, V. Tikhonova, M. Y. Shantarevich, K. A. Zamyatina, V. I. Stashkiv, A. Revishvili","doi":"10.15690/vramn2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2053","url":null,"abstract":"Timely instrumental diagnosis of diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region, especially of an oncological nature, is the key to successful treatment, improving prognosis and improving the quality of life of patients. At the moment, the possibilities of radiation diagnostics make it possible to identify and evaluate the nature of the blood supply to the neoplasm, its prevalence, cellularity, and in the case of MRI studies with hepatospecific contrast agents, also evaluate the functional activity of liver cells. Nevertheless, the steady development of methods for treating cancer patients, in particular, chemotherapy, and a personalized approach to the choice of patient management tactics require a detailed assessment of the morphological types of certain neoplasms. The need for dynamic monitoring of the results of treatment, monitoring of accidentally detected, potentially malignant neoplasms, and the development of screening programs determine the steady increase in the number of CT and MR examinations performed annually in the world and in our country. These factors have led to the application of texture analysis or radiomics and machine learning algorithms. At the same time, such techniques as radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI with extracellular and tissue-specific contrast enhancement, and MRI-DWI do not lose their significance. The ongoing research allows the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia to implement the concept of preoperative non-invasive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of surgical and oncological diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region and apply the knowledge gained in planning surgical treatment. Implementation of the problem of post-processor data processing of radiation diagnostics of surgical and oncological diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region using radiomics and AI technologies is important and extremely relevant for modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Inflammation and Hemostasis Disorders in Cardiovascular and Infectious Diseases","authors":"V. Bykov, Aleksandr I. Vengerovskii, V. Udut","doi":"10.15690/vramn2124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2124","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombosis and inflammation develop concomitantly during inflammatory, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Thrombosis induces inflammation and immune system disruption, while inflammation leads to increased hemostasis a vascular thrombosis. Combined use of anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs often leads to adverse effects, for example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce gastric ulcers, aggravated by bleeding. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of thrombosis and inflammation, therefore, research and development of drugs improving endothelial function is a promising approach to preventing thrombotic events arising from inflammation or infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131106129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing: the International Experience of Medical and Economic NIPT Efficiency Evaluation","authors":"M. T. Kaplanova, A. M. Galaktionova, E. Baranova, O. Sagaydak, M. Belenikin, Alexey G. Denisov","doi":"10.15690/vramn2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2006","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a molecular genetic method of cell-free fetal DNA fetal chromosomal abnormalities risks assessing. Currently, NIPT is quite widespread throughout the world, and its clinical efficacy high sensitivity and specificity has been repeatedly proven. At the same time, the decision to include NIPT in the algorithm of prenatal diagnostics carried out with public funds depends on its cost-effectiveness, which should be assessed separately for each country or territory due to different costs and different models of inclusion. This article presents the different countries approaches to the assessment of the medical and economic efficiency of NIPT.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132834057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Metabolism Markers in Patients with Tuberculosis Combined with HIV Infection","authors":"R. Abdullaev, O. Komissarova, Olga R. Terentyeva","doi":"10.15690/vramn1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1566","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Changes of iron metabolism in patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection is an important task of phthisiology, since, on the one hand, iron deficiency can have a negative effect on the course of the tuberculous process. On the other hand, compensation for iron deficiency may be creating an iron overload situation, promoting replication of M. tuberculosis. Aims to study in a comparative aspect, changes in iron metabolism markers in patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection and without it. Methods. The study included 284 tuberculosis patients who were divided into 2 groups. The first group included 141 patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV (TB/HIV group). The comparison group consisted of 143 tuberculosis patients without HIV (TB group). The assessment of the bodys iron supply was carried out in terms of the concentration of serum iron, transferrin (TF), and ferritin (FT). The study was conducted separately in men and women, since the indicators of iron metabolism in healthy men and women differ significantly. Results. It was found that in men with TB/HIV patients, the decrease in serum iron less than the lower limit of the norm took place in 47.6%, and in the TB group in 27.3% of cases (p 0.01). The concentration of TF in the blood serum in the group of TB/HIV patients in men decreased in 69.9%, and in the group of TB patients in 31.2% of cases (p 0.01). The level of FT in the TB/HIV group increased in 19.4%, and in the TB group in 8.3% of cases (p 0.05). In women, a decrease in iron levels in the group of TB/HIV patients was observed in 39.5%, and in the TB group only in 2.2% of cases (p 0.01), a decrease in the level of TF was observed in 55.2% and 24.3% (p 0.01). A decrease in ferritin levels below 15 ng/ml was observed in 15.7% of women with TB/HIV and in 10.6% of TB patients. A negative relationship was found between iron content and CRP levels. Conclusion. The results of studied made it possible to conclude that in all cases the decrease in iron was caused not by a true deficiency of iron, but by its redistribution in the body. At the same time, a small number of women with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection and tuberculosis without HIV infection showed a significant decrease in ferritin levels, which indicated that they had a true iron deficiency.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130935663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Von Willebrand Factor and Myeloperoxidase as Laboratory Predictive Markers of In-Hospital Survival in Severe COVID-19 Patients","authors":"A. Makatsariya, J. Khizroeva, Y. Schoenfeld, M. Tretyakova, E. Slukhanchuk, A. Shkoda, L. L. Pankratyeva, Mikhail I. Petrovsky, I. Mashechkin, D. Blinov, J. Gris, V. Bitsadze","doi":"10.15690/vramn2094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2094","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The severe acute respiratory syndrome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus-mediated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlighted the central role of immunothrombosis. Severe endothelial damage with the release of unusually large multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and subsequent consumption of ADAMTS-13 is described during severe COVID-19. The activation of innate immune cells among which neutrophils contribute to the formation of extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) and to the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) potentially contributing to the spread of inflammation and microvascular thrombosis. Objective to evaluate the ability of vWF, ADAMTS-13 and MPO to predict in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19 patients needing mechanical ventilation. Methods. We performed a one-center observational study of 79 severe COVID-19 patients entering intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation, examining vWF, ADAMTS-13 and MPO among other potential predictors for in-hospital death. Results. After multivariate analysis, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) and MPO antigen (MPO:Ag) were finally the single two parameters which increasing values were independently associated with non-survival; vWF:Ag (U/dL): adjusted OR 3.360, 95% CI 1.5627.228, p = 0.0019; MPO:Ag (ng/ml): adjusted OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.0241.101, p = 0.0011. From these results a simplified mortality score was derived and patients categorized as having a score value higher or lower that the median value of the score: a high score value was associated with a lower cumulative survival rate (p 0.0001), 50% of the cases being dead at day 13 post-hospital admission. Conclusions. In severe COVID-19 necessitating mechanical ventilation, increasing values of MPO activity and of vWF antigen tested at admission are associated with poor survival.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Рotential Laboratory Markers of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy","authors":"O. Kovtun, V. Bazarnyi, O. Koryakina","doi":"10.15690/vramn2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn2007","url":null,"abstract":"New chemotherapy agents of haematological malignancies in children often lead to adverse drug reactions, including vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). The incidence of this pathology ranges from 22 to 72%. The clinic and instrumental evaluation of children with VPN, including questionaries, scales, electrodiagnostic examinations, do not provide an opportunity for prognosis and early detection of chemotherapy-related neurologic complications. Consequently, identifying biomarkers associated with VIPN is urgently warranted that discussed in this review. PubMed and Scopus were browsed based on the keywords that allowed us to select 55 articles (4 systemic reviews, 14 scientific reviews, 37 original articles) between 2017 and 2021. Reports from the included studies clearly emphasize that vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is associated with changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the nerve growth factor (NGF) light chains of neurofilaments (NfL) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that are biomarkers of axonal damage. However, none of them do have criterion validity sensitivity and specificity. One of the most promising prognostic biomarkers is CХCL10 and CXCL12 that detect children with or without VIPN (sensitivity 79%, specificity 78%). The next task is finding an optimal profile of these cytokines. These cytokines together with axonal biomarkers can be used for the diagnosis and prevention of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in children.","PeriodicalId":178392,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115396818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}