Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and reasons for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy","authors":"Arjun Acharya, Narendra Vikram Gurung, S. Poudel","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.52701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v16i1.52701","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common problems affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the study was to find the incidence of cases converted to open cholecystectomy from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and find the association with other intra-operative and preoperative findings.\u0000Methods: This is a prospective observational study. One hundred elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases in the institution of the study were the study sample. Pre-operative and intra-operative findings were noted. Conversion in surgery from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy was also recorded and the association was tested through Fisher’s exact test.\u0000Results: The rate of conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy was 5%. which was significantly related to sex, time duration of the surgery, bleeding, and anatomical difficulties.\u0000Conclusions: The conversion rate is only 5% which was significantly associated with sex, time duration of surgery, intraoperative bleeding, and anatomical difficulties.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122402870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of distribution of clinically undetectable mucogingival junction in mandibular anterior region: A single-institutional study","authors":"S. Bista, R. Ranjit, S. Subedi, B. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.49633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.49633","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The mucogingival junction is considered one of the vital anatomic structures that mark the apical termination of the attached gingiva. However, due to various pathologies and conditions, it can be undetectable. This study aimed to assess the distribution of patients having teeth without clinically detectable mucogingival junction in mandibular anteriors. Various etiologies leading to clinically undetectable mucogingival junction were also identified.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 312 patients who visited the department of Periodontics of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara from July 26 to November 26, 2022. The visual method, rolling probe method, tension test and histochemical staining were used to detect the mucogingival junction. To ascertain the relationship between age and gender with the distribution of data, descriptive analysis and the Pearson Chi-square test was used. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: The majority of the patients 242(77.6%), had clinically detectable mucogingival junction, whereas the remaining 70(22.4%) didn’t show its absence. Gingival recession, keratosis, deep pockets, and aberrant frenal attachment were all common etiologic factors for clinically undetectable mucogingival junction. Statistically significant number of male patients from age group above 45 years presented with clinically undetectable mucogingival junction.\u0000Conclusions: Nearly one-third of the study population presented with clinically undetectable mucogingival junction, which provides baseline data to determine the periodontal health of the study population and can represent as one of the significant diagnostic clues.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Salmonella carriers among apparently healthy cafeteria food handlers in tertiary care centre Pokhara","authors":"S. Chaudhary, S. Regmi, S. Devkota, G. Gautam, S. Pradhan, A. Nagila","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.47571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.47571","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Foodborne illnesses are caused by consumption of contaminated foods. The risk of food getting contaminated depends largely on the health status of the food handlers, their personal hygiene, knowledge and practice of food hygiene. Hence, this study aimed to assess the proportion of Salmonella among food handlers working in the cafeteria of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.\u0000Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic characteristics, the knowledge and the risk factors of the participants. A total of 62 stool samples were collected and processed according to the standard microbiological procedures. All the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2017, using Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Service for window version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were computed and chi-square test was applied at 5% level of significance. P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.\u0000Results: Total of 62 food handlers were included in the study. Majority of the cafeteria workers 46(74.2%) were not aware of proper hand washing technique. Of the 62 food handlers working in the cafeteria, Salmonella were isolated from 12(19.4%) stool specimens. All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to amikacin (100%), followed by imipenem (91.7%) and cefotaxime (91.7%). However, the highest rate of antibiotic resistance among Salmonella isolates was noted for amoxicillin (58.3%).\u0000Conclusions: This study showed increased proportion of Salmonella carriers among the food handlers of cafeteria. Salmonella carriage among food handlers is of great concern as they can be the source of foodborne illness. Therefore, educating the food handlers of cafeteria about personnel hygiene may play a pivotal role in minimizing the incidence of foodborne illness and the associated morbidity","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131473345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of faculties towards online teaching-learning activities during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal","authors":"D. Sarraf, G. P. Rauniar, R. Maskey, R. Maharjan, Ashish Shrestha, B. K. Karn, S. Keshwar, R. P. Kushwaha, P. Gupta","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.48209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.48209","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Online teaching learning activities is totally a new modality of medical education in the country with new opportunities, experiences and challenges. Objectives of the study were to explore the perception of faculties towards online teaching learning activities conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and to find out barriers and facilitators to conducting online teaching learning activities in our context.\u0000Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical, dental, nursing and public health faculties using a semi-structured questionnaire. A Google Form was prepared and its link was sent to the faculties via email. Descriptive statistics were calculated using statistical package for the social sciences.\u0000Results: Out of 158 faculties, 105(66.46%) were male and 121(85.44%) were medical faculties. Only 16(10.13%) faculties had received formal training regarding preparing and/or delivering online teaching learning activities. Out of 158, 133(84.18%) faculties faced technical and internet issues. The most common advantage and disadvantage of online teaching-learning activities perceived by the faculties were ‘not limited to time or place’ (149, 94.30%) and ‘lack of interaction with the students’ (130, 82.28%) respectively. Majority (149, 94.3%) of them had positive perception towards online teaching-learning activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Slow internet connection (145, 91.77%) and frequent electricity interruption (131, 82.91%) were the most common perceived barriers to online teaching learning.\u0000Conclusions: Most of the faculties had positive perception towards online teaching learning activities. Academic leaders and stakeholders should provide uninterrupted internet and electricity connectivity, training on online teaching-learning platform and timely technical support.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132859051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of collum angle and labial crown-root angle of maxillary central incisor in Class I and Class II division 2 malocclusion","authors":"Manju Pandey, U. Parajuli, A. Dahal","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.47321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.47321","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Variation in tooth morphology widely influences the achievement of optimum esthetics and stable occlusal relationship. This study was conducted to compare the collum angle and labial crown root angles in class I, class II division 2 malocclusions, using cephalometric radiographs, and to find a correlation between these angles.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to January 2021 among patients visiting the department of Orthodontics at Gandaki Medical College. A total of 62 lateral cephalograms were included and equally divided into 2 groups: Angle’s Class I and Class II division 2. Cephalometric tracing was done to measure the collum angle and labial crown root of maxillary central incisors. Pearson’s correlation test and independent t-test were used.\u0000Results: There was a weak positive correlation (r=+0.348) between the angles in Class I group, (p=0.27) and a moderate positive correlation (r=+0.547) between the angles in Class II division 2 group (p<0.001). The mean collum angle was found to be greater in class II division 2 (11.90±6.86) than in class I (4.51±4.13) which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean labial crown root angle was found to be greater in class II division 2 (39.65±8.57) than in class I (30.23±5.20) which was statistically significant (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusions: There was no statistically significant correlation between collum angle and labial crown-root angle in class I groups. The mean of collum angle and labial crown-root angle was found to be greater in class II division 2 which were statistically significant in both angles.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125357162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram negative bacterial uropathogens among females in a tertiary hospital, Pokhara","authors":"Raju Pandey, Samjhana Bhattarai, B. Subedi, R. Paudel, Bipin Chapagain, S. Jaiswal, B. Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.48508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.48508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli has emerged and spread worldwide as an important cause of urinary tract infections and indicates a major threat. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacterial uropathogens among females in a tertiary level hospital.\u0000Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara from February to November, 2019. A total number of 301 midstream urine samples were collected and examined using MacConkey agar and blood agar medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.\u0000Results: Out of 301 mid-stream urine samples, 99(33%) sample showed significant bacterial growth. Among them, 78(79%) were gram negative bacteria. Escherichia coli were the predominant organism. Multidrug resistant gram negative isolates were 65.4%. Among 78 Gram negative isolates, 31(39.7%) were extended spectrum β-lactamase producers. Among extended spectrum β-lactamase producers, 27(87.1%) were MDR. Highest frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamases production was seen in E. coli, 23(74.2%). Majority of gram negative bacteria showed susceptibility toward colistin and nitrofurantoin. Ampicillin was found to be highly resistant towards gram negative uropathogen.\u0000Conclusions: This study found that higher proportion of multi-drug resistants were among gram negative isolates and further more among extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram negative isolates. Thus, there is urgent need to address the issue of antimicrobial resistant and promote rational use of the antibiotics in our region.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134171841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Benju Nepal, Bibekti Nepal, B. Sharma, Chandika Pandit, Rajju Hachhethu","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.43884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.43884","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study was done to find out the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women towards COVID-19 in tertiary hospital of Pokhara, Nepal.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 385 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of Gandaki Medical College starting from May 2021 to July 2021, by using self- administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences version 21.0 and descriptive statistics were computed.\u0000Results: More than four‐fifths respondents were aware about COVID‐19. Half of them thought it transmits via human touch. One-fourth of them mentioned that delivery at the hospital during COVID-19 pandemic was unsafe. Almost half of them regretted conceiving, among which one quarter thought of aborting their fetus, half of them were against breastfeeding, and three-forth had regular antenatal care checkups. Majority of them took precautions to stay safe, where half of them responded that they would not breast fed baby if they got infected.\u0000Conclusions: Majority of the study population have good knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 disease. However, it is worrisome that some respondents thought of terminating her pregnancy, and some were unable to visit the hospital for routine antenatal care checkups and didn’t have proper knowledge about breastfeeding their child. Proper education must be given to the population to avert these negative attitudes while promoting a positive preventive attitude.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116106076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback of the faculty participants on training workshop on developing multiple choice questions","authors":"R. Piryani, Suneet Piryani, Nudrat Zeba","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.46902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.46902","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple choice questions are commonly used tools for the written assessment of undergraduate health professions students. Faculty members need training for the development of valid and reliable multiple choice questions. For this purpose, Bilwal medical college organized one-day training workshop on developing multiple choice questions for newly recruited faculty members in March 2021. The main objective of the study was to assess the feedback of the participants on training workshop.\u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the feedback of the participants of training workshop on developing multiple choice questions. The feedback questionnaire had four questions. First was on “rating training workshop on scale 1 to 10 (1=poor, 10=excellent) for usefulness, content, relevance, facilitation and overall”. Second was on confidence of the participants in developing MCQs after participation based on Likert scale 1 to 4 (1=not confident to 4=extremely confident). Third was on perceptions of the participants on strengths of training workshop. Lastly, fourth was on areas for improvement. The data was analyzed for central tendency using microsoft excel.\u0000Results:  Participants’ feedback rating about usefulness (8.82±1.51), content (8.12±1.69), relevance (8.35±1.46), facilitation (8.41±1.46) and overall (global) rating (8.35±1.41) was remarkable. Their confidence level after participation (3.41±0.51) was noticeable.\u0000Conclusions: The perceptions of the participants immediate after the training workshop i.e, their reaction was positive.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous use of two markers of research: p-value and confidence interval","authors":"K. Subedi, N. Subedi","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.50531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.50531","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116410005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-epidemiological presentation of acute encephalitis syndrome in patients visiting a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study","authors":"Bidhi Dhital, N. Bhat","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.44719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v15i2.44719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute encephalitis syndrome is diagnosed when a person of any age, and at any time of the year, presents with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status and/or new onset of seizures. It has an ill-defined clinico-epidemiological presentation in Nepal, making it a challenging medical condition. The objective of this study was to study the clinical profile of acute encephalitis syndrome.\u0000Methods: All consecutive admissions at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital between April 2017 and December 2018 were screened for acute encephalitis syndrome. The diagnosis was confirmed by history, examination, laboratory findings, brain imaging, and electroencephalography. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. For data entry and analysis, statistical package for the social sciences software version 16.0 was used. Descriptive statistics as frequencies and mean ± standard deviations were computed.\u0000Results: The mean age of the study population was 49.56±22.28 years with male predominance 42(58.3%). Among the diagnosed etiologies, 1.38% had Japanese encephalitis, 4.12% had herpes encephalitis, and 4.12% had autoimmune encephalitis. Out of the 72 patients, 52 patients (72.22%) had Glasgow coma scale >12, 15 patients (20.83%) had 8 to 12, and five patients (6.94%) had coma (Glasgow coma scale <8). Among the clinical findings, altered mental status (91.66%) was the most commonly noticed manifestation followed by fever.\u0000Conclusions: Most patients had altered sensorium with less severe brain injury based on the Glasgow coma scale score during the presentation. Its low diagnostic yield, however, often leads to an increase in unknown etiologies. The syndrome was more prevalent in hilly regions.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}