{"title":"“A Blending of Opposite Qualities”","authors":"","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the blending of Frederick Douglass’s seemingly dissimilar perspectives. It starts off with a personal anecdote about how Douglass watched a speech against the Irish Force Bill in England’s Parliament and noted how the speaker, William Gladstone, used a mixture of persuasive language and menacingly accusatory language. Douglass showed a similar duality in his perspectives as a slave and then a free man. The chapter looks closely at the many microrevisions Douglass made to the same topics and experiences in his various autobiographies to show his struggle with finding the terminology to express his blended view. His revisions indicate how Douglass increasingly paid attention to philosophical analysis as time went on and reveal a man trying to express his political thought with terminology that had not yet been created because prior thinkers did not have the experience of being a slave. The chapter ultimately addresses Douglass’s understanding of democratic citizenship.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125155587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seed-Time and Harvest-Time","authors":"P. Myers","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at Frederick Douglass’s thoughts on natural law, which returned to a closer conformity with teachings predominant in the tradition of classical liberal political philosophy. It examines Douglass’s third autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, to accomplish this task. Douglass’s thoughts on the operation of natural law yielded a realistic conclusion that great wrongs are in the nature of the powerful. It concludes that Douglass thought tyranny had its own costs under natural law: that tyranny breeds arrogance and insecurity among tyrants, which naturally provokes resistance for their subjects, and that this resistance over time tends to destabilize the regimes that perpetrate it. Douglass posits that when resistance is guided by prudent leadership that combines the appeal of moral principal, patriotism, and practical interest, it is bound to produce durable reforms.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130376172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frederick Douglass’s Master–Slave Dialectic","authors":"M. Kohn","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the issues of violence, recognition, and freedom in the work of Frederick Douglass. It analyzes the contradiction between Douglass’s defense of pacifism in his speeches and articles before 1847 and his celebration of the redemptive effects of violence in his autobiographies, most notably in his account of his fight with the slave breaker Edward Covey. One thing that distinguishes this essay from other interpretations of Douglass, including Bernard Boxill’s, is that it draws upon another famous account of the struggle between master and slave—G. W. F. Hegel’s dialectic of lordship and bondage in the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807)—in order to offer a novel resolution to this interpretive puzzle. By reading these two nineteenth-century accounts together, we see how the texts illuminate, complicate, and challenge one another.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123471514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Black Masculinity Achieves Nothing without Restorative Care","authors":"Ange-Marie Hancock Alfaro","doi":"10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon My Bondage and My Freedom and Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, this chapter explores Douglass’s efforts to build a community with his black male peers during slavery and elucidates a black male ethic of care. It takes the example of Douglass and uses it to show how black males are capable of caring relationships that are distinct from traditional frames of caring relationships. Douglass’s speech “Self-Made Men” is used as a framework for looking at Douglass through an intersectional lens and chronicles how he moved from this hyperindividual stance to the more complex thoughts in Bondage. Going into the friendships Douglass kept in his youth, this chapter uses these examples to describe the “care giver” and “care recipient” roles Douglass took on in his restorative relationships.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115398655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lectures on Liberation","authors":"A. Davis","doi":"10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a selection of the lectures that Professor Angela Davis gave in her “Recurring Philosophical Themes in Black Literature” course at the University of California, Los Angeles. These lectures are meant to highlight the less talked about parts of the history and enslavement of black people and to place that history in an illuminating philosophical context. Two lectures are presented in this chapter. The first explains one of the central pillars of oppression, how keeping an oppressed class ignorant and uneducated is a key way to keep them in a disadvantaged state, and uses the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass to show certain philosophical themes. For the second lecture, Davis uses the Narrative once again to show the contradictory way slaveholders practiced Christianity and justified unfreedom through religious texts.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Human Heart Is a Seat of Constant War”","authors":"Nicholas Buccola","doi":"10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reconstructs what Frederick Douglass thought about human nature to deepen peoples understanding of the foundations of his political morality and to counter criticisms of liberal views of human nature. It lays out the base critiques of the liberal view of human nature in modern Western political thought and shows how Douglass viewed the competing tendencies of human beings in order to form a nuanced idea of human nature. Going into the debates in the liberal community, it cites the differing opinions of Thomas Jefferson, Reinhold Niebuhr, and John Locke. With a focus on the dualities that make up Douglass’s view on the subject, this chapter shows how his view shaped his experiences and the way he interacted with the world. The dynamism that makes up Douglass’s idea of human nature makes it a viewpoint to be taken seriously and reflects the tensions inherent within the subject.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115041672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Masters, Mistresses, Slaves, and the Antinomies of Modernity","authors":"P. Gilroy","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Modernity is a notion widely debated, whether it is the periodization of modernity or the attributes defining the modern period. Jürgen Habermas situates the Enlightenment as a moment of critique of the early-modern period and the reimagining of modernity after the Age of Reason. This chapter argues that Habermas’s call for completing the unfinished project of the Enlightenment fails to acknowledge the defining moment of modernity—New World slavery—and the agents of the modernizing process—the slaves. The chapter investigates the dynamics of mastery and slavery that are at the center of modernity through close examination of Frederick Douglass’s only work of fiction, The Heroic Slave (1853), supplemented with references to “The Claims of the Negro Ethnologically Considered” (1854) and Douglass’s slave narratives. The memory of slavery, the chapter contends, is integral to theorizations of freedom.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Douglass and Political Judgment","authors":"J. Turner","doi":"10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes Frederick Douglass’s post-Reconstruction thoughts, believing that they deserve greater emphasis and are interesting in how they sharply oppose the common strictly libertarian reading of his beliefs. Douglass’s thoughts model a form of political ideals that helps to identify forces of white supremacy that disguise themselves as fair or virtuous. Douglass examines political phenomena and Supreme Court cases in the aftermath of Reconstruction to determine whether the spirit of liberty or slavery animates them. The chapter discusses how Douglass was able to fight against disingenuous thoughts about the virtues of white supremacy—namely, the “Negro ignorance” argument. Using the backdrop of antirepublican politics, Douglass helps his audience see the corrupt nature of this argument and quells Northern whites who had been fooled by Southern hysterics about “Negro supremacy.” The chapter distinguishes itself in its elucidation of Douglass’s conception of political judgment and the implications of this view for interpreting contemporary Supreme Court decisions.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Affect of God’s Law","authors":"V. Lloyd","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at Frederick Douglass through his connection with God’s law, showing how this law created a complicated relationship between Douglass and the US Constitution. It shows how Douglass used God’s work to fight against slavery and looks at passages from the Declaration of Independence to show the connection between freedom as a right and God’s law. It examines Douglass’s views on natural law in conjunction with his views and use of God’s law to create a complex portrait of both. Concluding with Douglass’s fight with Edward Covey, this chapter shows how Douglass grappled with the fear of death before he managed to cease alienating his “soul” from himself. From this moment, Douglass began to imagine God and how God’s law names the possibility for the world to be more just.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Douglass’s Declarations of Independence and Practices of Politics","authors":"Robert J Gooding-Williams","doi":"10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/KENTUCKY/9780813175621.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes Frederick Douglass’s work My Bondage and My Freedom and brings it into conversation with W. E. B. Du Bois’s essay collection The Souls of Black Folk. This comparison is intended to complicate the traditional understanding of African American political thought by looking at Du Bois’s reliance on the authority of Douglass in his critique of other black leaders, such as Booker T. Washington. This reliance has caused the two to be lumped together as assimilationists despite the fact that Douglass shows himself to be more a reconstructionist than an assimilationist. Also contrasting the two, this chapter takes a critical look at Du Bois’s defense of the politics of expressive self-realization, which is predicated on the anomaly theory of white supremacy, and shows how Souls argues against this expressivist viewpoint and reveals white supremacy as a nonanomalous form of domination. Furthermore, the chapter describes plantation politics and the ramifications of it for unfreedom and struggles to achieve the free life.","PeriodicalId":177256,"journal":{"name":"A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127961352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}