P. Du, F. Xia, Anan Sawabe, Takanori Iwai, A. Nakao
{"title":"Privacy-Preserving BLE Scanning for Population Estimation to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19","authors":"P. Du, F. Xia, Anan Sawabe, Takanori Iwai, A. Nakao","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152285","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring of population density at specific locations while ensuring anonymity could contribute to slowing the spread of COVID-19 through reducing densely areas. In this paper, we design and deploy sensors and base stations at specific locations to monitor the communication from nearly devices installed COCOA App and count the number of devices to estimate the population density. Our sensors can also measure population with distances via signal strengths and the estimation accuracy is increasing as the increase of COCOA App users. Note that we count the number of devices only, while neither concerning the communication content nor collecting personal information. Our system has been widely accepted and deployed at more than 200 places both on campus and off campus. Finally, we propose a machine learning based population prediction method with high population prediction accuracy through expanding supervising dataset via Newton interpolation.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126283546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khaled, Mohammed Ashfaq, Sebin Puthenthara Suresh
{"title":"E-IoT: Emulator to Develop and Test IoT Application","authors":"A. Khaled, Mohammed Ashfaq, Sebin Puthenthara Suresh","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152067","url":null,"abstract":"Our living and working spaces are full of smart devices (e.g., appliances, sensors) -known as things- and are leading the technological revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT). An IoT ecosystem is a paradigm of connecting things and developing applications to improve the quality of our lives through building smart spaces. IoT things are heterogeneous in the processing and sensing capabilities, the used communication protocols and standards, and the services and functionalities they offer. IoT applications utilize such a heterogeneous ecosystem in several fields, however, the application development process is restricted by the physical acquisition and access to real IoT things to deploy and test IoT applications. Given such a number of heterogeneous devices, such a requirement is considered expensive and also infeasible in most cases. In this paper, we present E-IoT, an environment that emulates smart spaces by virtualizing the operation of IoT things. Over virtualization concepts and technologies, E-IoT provides real operating and working environments by utilizing a range of IoT -designed operating systems, protocols, and libraries to emulate IoT device's software capabilities. E-IoT also simulates the hardware capabilities to run hardware-dependent instructions and interactions. E-IoT enables developers to develop, deploy, and test a wide range of IoT interactions and applications before the deployment on real things. E-IoT provides a graphical user interface for developers to visualize the operation and status of IoT devices in real-time. We present details of the proposed environment, highlight several key capabilities and aspects, and demonstrate some features through a proof-of-concept implementation.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131819696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Peixoto da Silva, Bernardo S. Nascimento, Rafael A. Mello P. Dias, D. S. Mendonça
{"title":"A Comprehensive Approach for Applying Threat Modeling to Internet of Things Systems","authors":"Lucas Peixoto da Silva, Bernardo S. Nascimento, Rafael A. Mello P. Dias, D. S. Mendonça","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152291","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are being increasingly used by society. Industry, Agriculture, and Healthcare are examples of areas where IoT is intensively used. In this way, security became a primary concern for IoT systems since its lack can cause considerable damages from the disclosure of restricted information to the loss of lives. Threat Modeling is a well-known approach to mitigating security threats in information systems. However, to appropriately applying Threat Modeling to the IoT context is necessary to adjust the modeling to consider attacks that affect the security of those systems. This work presents a comprehensive approach for applying threat modeling to IoT systems. We performed survey-of-surveys on attacks and countermeasures for IoT and used this survey as input for traditional Threat Modeling techniques such as STRIDE and DREAD. We applied the adjusted approach to an open-source smart lock system finding some possible attacks. We present the process's steps to other practitioners performing threat modeling for IoT systems.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116596406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Meijer, G. Petrucci, Matthijs Schotsman, Luca Morgese, T. V. Ede, Andrea Continella, Ganduulga Gankhuyag, Luca Allodi, Savio Sciancalepore
{"title":"Federated Lab (FedLab): An Open-source Distributed Platform for Internet of Things (IoT) Research and Experimentation","authors":"Max Meijer, G. Petrucci, Matthijs Schotsman, Luca Morgese, T. V. Ede, Andrea Continella, Ganduulga Gankhuyag, Luca Allodi, Savio Sciancalepore","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Federated Lab (in short, FedLab), a virtual platform enabling shared research and experimentation on Internet of Things (IoT) devices, protocols, and functionalities in a network of geographically-distributed peers. In a nutshell, the FedLab allows multiple peers to share heterogeneous IoT hardware (devices) and software functionalities (capabilities) with a set of authenticated partners, easing the design of geographically-distributed experiments and providing a platform that enables joint research. The FedLab is conceived with ease of deployment and use in mind, focuses on compatibility-by-design, and it is easily deployable on multiple host operating systems as a plug-and-play tool. Besides motivating the design of the FedLab and its requirements, the paper also provides two use cases of the FedLab for the IoT Security research domain, demonstrating the potential of the FedLab to enable actual joint research. Finally, we release the source code of the components of the FedLab as open-source, to foster its independent adoption, deployment, and extension by the research community.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114973516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex R. Facina, L. Jiménez, M. S. P. Facina, G. Fraidenraich, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima
{"title":"LoRaWAN Cattle Tracking Prototype With AI-based Coverage Prediction","authors":"Alex R. Facina, L. Jiménez, M. S. P. Facina, G. Fraidenraich, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152029","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a low-cost tracking prototype tested in São Paulo, Brazil. Its use can prevent cattle theft, determine the distance traveled by the animal, estimate the amount of feed available daily, transmit information about the animal's health, such as temperature, and anticipate veterinary care. Such technology can also be used in the control system of hydraulic pumps, and monitoring water fountain levels, forming a remote management ecosystem. Using the collected data by the system, an artificial intelligence algorithm, long short-term memory (LSTM) network, has been implemented to predict the received signal strength indication (RSSI). In this way, we show that the prototype is also helpful for planning mobile communications networks. For example, it is possible to determine the coverage of the LoRA signal from a few measurements, especially in free-space scenarios with line-of-sight.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114383707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Local Neighbourhoods in a Network for Graph-based Signal Reconstruction","authors":"Loay Rashid, S. Nannuru","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152079","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) relies heavily on exchange of data collected by nodes in a sensor network. This network data can be represented as a signal on a graph allowing tools from graph signal processing (GSP) to analyse it. Here, we utilize graph signal reconstruction algorithms to extrapolate missing sensor data from partially sampled network data. An important class of graph signal reconstruction algorithms operate by partitioning the graph vertices into local sets to achieve lower reconstruction errors and faster convergence. However, methods for identification of these local neighbourhoods have not been clearly studied in the literature. Here, we propose two flexible algorithms to generate local sets on a graph. These algorithms are based on the distance between the sampled and unsampled vertices. Our algorithms are competitive with the methods in literature while offering flexibility in the number of sampled vertices. We carry out simulation-based analysis of sampling strategies and proposed local set generation algorithms using local-set-based reconstruction algorithms.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132176229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Conzon, C. Pastrone, P. Vlacheas, Susana Martín-Toral, F. Morentin, Talib Sankal, George Pavlidis, Emilia Ingemarsdotter, Andrea Perego, Javier Arenas, R. Schmitt
{"title":"ECOFACT Platform Architecture Supporting Manufacturing Energy Management and Holistic Sustainability","authors":"Davide Conzon, C. Pastrone, P. Vlacheas, Susana Martín-Toral, F. Morentin, Talib Sankal, George Pavlidis, Emilia Ingemarsdotter, Andrea Perego, Javier Arenas, R. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152056","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) manufacturing industry of the future needs to be led by the decarbonisation imperative and by those drivers of change leading the 4th Industrial Revolution, e.g. digital transformation, greater circularity and resource efficiency. In this work, the authors introduce a new platform based on layered architecture that integrates several assets, enabling manufacturing industries to optimize the en-ergy performance of their production systems in line with their relevant constraints. The platform will be developed in the context of the ECOFACT project as a component of an holistic solution spanning from cloud to edge that will allow integrating energy-related information through the uptake of advanced Information and communication technologies (ICT) and digital solutions, while contributing to reduced environmental footprint and enhanced integral sustainability in manufacturing management.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"350 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134380905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sciullo, Cristian Castiglione, A. Trotta, M. D. Felice
{"title":"WoT on The Extreme Edge (WoTTEE): Enabling W3C Web of Things for Micro-controllers","authors":"L. Sciullo, Cristian Castiglione, A. Trotta, M. D. Felice","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152179","url":null,"abstract":"Edge computing has emerged as a viable approach to minimize the latency of time-critical Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The new frontier of research is to offload tasks directly on micro-controllers, i.e. on the same device generating the sensory data. However, this approach requires to cope with to the limited computational capabilities of the devices and consequently to adapt existing techniques and tools to the extreme edge. In this paper, we contribute to this research direction by investigating how to enable W3C Web of Things (WoT) capabilities on micro-controllers, for increased performance and interoperability purposes. Given the excessive complexity of the original proposal, we propose a revised architecture of the Web Thing (WT) that can fit the limited resources of constrained devices while maintaining the compatibility with the WoT standard. Then, we present the WoTTEE framework, a software suite that supports and facilitates the deployment, installation and monitoring of edge-oriented WTs. Finally, we validate the operations of WoTTEE in a small testbed and demonstrate the capability to support adaptive IoT systems where micro-controllers are able to dynamically switch among different IoT network protocols thanks to the Thing Description (TD) mechanism of the W3C WoT.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133671977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secrecy in the UAV Ad Hoc Network","authors":"Xian Liu","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152126","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, secrecy is investigated for the UAV ad hoc network. The analysis is conducted under the framework of stochastic geometry in the 3D space. A new feature of the present work is the relaxation of integer path-loss exponents or their ratio. The theoretical challenge is well taken. With the aid of a few advanced special functions, several closed-form solutions are derived. Numerical results are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dietlmeier, R. Floetgen, Julius Bock, Florian Urmetzer
{"title":"Conceptualizing IIoT Platform Ecosystem Verticalization","authors":"S. Dietlmeier, R. Floetgen, Julius Bock, Florian Urmetzer","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152265","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a research gap at the interface of ecosystem theory, platforms and market segmentation strategies is addressed by conceptualizing the verticalization of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms and their surrounding ecosystems. After an introduction to business-to-business (B2B) platform ecosystems and IIoT platforms as manifestation of B2B platforms, the concept of verticalization as an example for a market segmentation strategy in the digital domain is discussed. Based on an existing generic verticalization framework, the concept will be transferred from its original application in enterprise software systems to the IIoT. A hypothesis is derived that postulates a causal relationship between IIoT platform ecosystem verticalization and the platform owner's competitive advantage for commercializing an IIoT platform in the market. The research contributes to literature on platforms in information systems and strategic management research by proposing platform ecosystem verticalization as a novel verticalization property. Applied as business strategy, this might enable a commercially successful implementation of IIoT platforms.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}