{"title":"Perching Drones for Distributed Communication Systems in IoT Applications","authors":"Jingmin Liu, Wilson Yik, Bernard Saw, H. Hesse","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152182","url":null,"abstract":"A major limitation to using drones for IoT applications is the limited flight time. What if drones could operate without the need to land or return to home for recharging? This paper presents a perching concept for multirotor drones which allows them to operate as perpetual sensor or communication hubs in remote or urban areas. Unlike existing concepts of perching drones which rely on grasping mechanism and spikes, the proposed concept uses electro-permanent magnets (EPM) to attach to ferrous surfaces. EPMs are small, lightweight and can hold up to 15kg potentially enabling the perching of heavy-lifting drones. Similar to electromagnetic door locks, EPMs can be charged and discharged with a small power supply operating at 5V which is suitable for a range of multirotor vehicles. The paper experimentally demonstrates the perching concept for horizontal and vertical surfaces in manual flight and provides a control strategy to enable autonomous perching manoeuvres.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122343351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Blockchain Networks through Smart Contracts","authors":"T. Pflanzner, Peter Lajos Bodnar, A. Kertész","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152193","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain systems became popular, not just because they provide the underlying mechanism of the most prominent cryptocurrencies. They provide temper resistant features with decentralised architecture that are useful for many Internet of Things applications. However, one of the most limiting factors of its usability, are the slow throughput and latency. Even in Bit-coin, the most popular blockchain-based cryptocurrency system, speed causes a serious problem. Performance measurements and analysis are crucial to reveal possible bottlenecks and trigger improvements. They can also be used to compare different services with similar purposes. The goal of this paper is to find a way to differentiate blockchain services with a novel, lightweight approach. We developed a wallet application to be able to carry out experimental measurements by executing parameterizable computational tasks with smart contracts. We performed an evaluation of four different blockchain implementations with our approach, and investigated the correlation between the computational need of the smart contract and the elapsed time or used gas, and compared the overall latency.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121236985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future Sustainable and Humanity-centred Intelligent Networks - Translating Theory into Practise","authors":"K. Ystgaard","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152149","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent networks with the associated user-interaction modalities (human-centric mechanisms) should be helping humans in their everyday activities by actively promoting human control, safety, ethics, and well-being. With intelligent networks' growing role, from facilitators in support of humans' lives and well-being to the future role as systems “designing relations between humans and the world”, their design will determine to a greater extent the character of the way humans' live their lives. At the same time, the rapid evolution of intelligent network technologies has ever more profound implications for humans and societies, and has triggered visions and initiatives to re-align the Next-Generation networks with what works for humans and humanity first. However, there is a mismatch between higher-level design intentions and reality in the context of human-centric intelligent network infrastructure, which calls for a shift and re-alignment of how human-centred theory is translated into technical configurations and practise. This P.h.D project outline investigates how future technology roadmaps can intertwine human-centric theory with the inner mechanics of IoT system technologies. In future research phases, innovation scenarios and breakthroughs are explored to direct the recommended technical specifications toward what is desirable for humanity's well-being that genuinely enhances human empowerment, with greater degrees of inclusivity, meaningful human control, and involvement. Finally, a recommendation for how to technically translate the humanity-centred network infrastructure in practise, will be investigated.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QoS in IoT-based River Flood Monitoring System using MQTT Brokers in Tandem Connection","authors":"Yoshiyuki Shinji, K. Shiomoto","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152261","url":null,"abstract":"River floods are destructive and occurring frequent everywhere in the world. Especially the developing countries in Southeast Asia are constantly exposed to the risk of river flooding during typhoons and cyclones. River floods can be detected early in advance by monitoring water levels in real-time. In this paper, we propose an architecture using MQTT brokers in tandem connection for low-cost IoT-based river flood monitoring system. For adoption of this architecture, QoS levels in MQTT are evaluated and QoS1 is concluded as the best practical selection.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126317252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Zero-Knowledge and Identity-Based Authentication with integrated Key Exchange for Internet of Things","authors":"I. Simsek","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152216","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitive data have to be communicated via secure channels generally set up by using cryptography. This needs an authentic key exchange, which in turn requires an authentication process. However, the Internet of Things (IoT) includes its own challenges and security requirements. This paper introduces a novel signature algorithm and handshake protocol combining a zero-knowledge proof method being based on the graph isomorphism problem with an identity-based scheme to provide authentication with integrated key exchange while meeting the IoT challenges and security requirements. Our approach applies a way to parallelly perform multiple rounds usually needed by zero-knowledge proofs while retaining the same security level. Moreover, we present a graph compression algorithm providing a compression ratio of up to ca. 7:1. Our handshake protocol is resistant to active man in the middle attacks and does not require any public data pre-distribution or secret pre-sharing. Additionally, no third party has to hold any device-specific authentication data. Furthermore, our approach is application-independent and does not require any additional components or procedures. This paper also evaluates the high performance of our approach with regard to multiple affecting factors.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127079582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ja-Hao Wang, Fang-Biau Ueng, Li-Der Jeng, Xi-Lin Wang
{"title":"MU-MIMO-GFDM Joint Receivers for Next-Generation Wireless Communications","authors":"Ja-Hao Wang, Fang-Biau Ueng, Li-Der Jeng, Xi-Lin Wang","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152294","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet the rigorous demands in B5G for Internet of Things (loT) and massive machine-type communications (MMTC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) technology has received great attention. On the other hand, the index modulation (IM) can provide us with flexible settings of different parameters to achieve the ideal system goals. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the combination of spread spectrum (SS) and IM under the framework of GFDM, called spread spectrum index modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing. In this scheme, the information bits are jointly conveyed by the indices of spreading codes and the conventional M -ary modulated symbols, which not only increase the spectrum efficiency, but also improve the performance of bit error rate. At the receiver, a low-complexity maximum likelihood (ML) detector is proposed to effectively recover the transmitted signal. Finally, the space-time block code (STBC) is employed to construct the multi-input multi-output SS-GFDM-IM (MIMO SS-GFDM-IM) system to improve the reliability of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the existing systems.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124585681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Trends on Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Internet of Things Platform and Standard Technologies","authors":"Jieun Lee, Ahmed Abid, F. Gall, Jaeseung Song","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152226","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing are regarded as the core technologies of a variety of state-of-the-art technologies having disruptive innovation that are intended to lead the 4th Industrial Revolution. A common point shared by the services that utilise the three technologies, such as smart city, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and smart factory, is that they are all services related to data. That is, data lie at the heart of future technologies. However, there are still challenges in the development of efficient services and technologies due to the absence of standards for data collected in a variety of domains. Therefore, in this study, we examine the latest trends in the development of international standards for the management of data in support of AI services and technologies led by oneM2M, which is a global initiative for the development of international standards for IoT and cloud platforms. More specifically, the trends include the development of common functions in support of AI technology, standard technologies for the support of data licence management, support for data compliance with privacy protection regulations, and semantic functions for metadata management in support of AI/machine learning.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123034283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sotiris Karavarsamis, Alexandros Doumanoglou, Konstantinos Konstantoudakis, D. Zarpalas
{"title":"Cross-Stitched Multi-task Dual Recursive Networks for Unified Single Image Deraining and Desnowing","authors":"Sotiris Karavarsamis, Alexandros Doumanoglou, Konstantinos Konstantoudakis, D. Zarpalas","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152113","url":null,"abstract":"We present the Cross-stitched Multi-task Unified Dual Recursive Network (CMUDRN) model targeting the task of unified deraining and desnowing in a multi-task learning setting. This unified model borrows from the basic Dual Recursive Network (DRN) architecture developed by Cai et al. The proposed model makes use of cross-stitch units that enable multi-task learning across two separate DRN models, each tasked for single image deraining and desnowing, respectively. By fixing cross-stitch units at several layers of basic task-specific DRN networks, we perform multi - task learning over the two separate DRN models. To enable blind image restoration, on top of these structures we employ a simple neural fusion scheme which merges the output of each DRN. The separate task-specific DRN models and the fusion scheme are simultaneously trained by enforcing local and global supervision. Local supervision is applied on the two DRN submodules, and global supervision is applied on the data fusion submodule of the proposed model. Consequently, we both enable feature sharing across task-specific DRN models and control the image restoration behavior of the DRN submodules. An ablation study shows the strength of the hypothesized CMUDRN model, and experiments indicate that its performance is comparable or better than baseline DRN models on the single image deraining and desnowing tasks. Moreover, CMUDRN enables blind image restoration for the two underlying image restoration tasks, by unifying task-specific image restoration pipelines via a naive parametric fusion scheme. The CMUDRN implementation is available at https://github.comNCL3D/CMUDRN.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133524457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computation Offloading with Reinforcement Learning for Improving QoS in Edge Computing Environments","authors":"Jinho Park, K. Chung","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152184","url":null,"abstract":"A computation offloading scheme based on edge collaboration was proposed for smoothly handling high delay-sensitive tasks in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, it shows poor service time and load balancing due to resource limitations and the number of processed task restrictions of edge servers. To solve this problem, edge collaboration using Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been proposed. RL requires a lot of exploration to maximize the cumulative reward. In a distributed environment, RL has a problem that the agent does not have enough experience due to the data sparsity for learning. Also, training variation between agents is high in a distributed environment. In this paper, we propose computation offloading with reinforcement learning for improving Quality of Service (QoS) in edge computing environments. We select offloading target based on RL for minimizing the service time and maximizing the load balance. The proposed scheme determines the priority of experience and shares the experience to improve reward. The priority of experience is calculated by Temporal Difference (TD) error and a state value. Also, the sharing of experience is proceeded on the basis of the policy gradient of agents. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves a better QoS through high reward compared to the existing schemes.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133556815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Uzunidis, P. Kasnesis, E. Margaritis, M. Feidakis, C. Patrikakis, S. Mitilineos
{"title":"Real-Time Human Detection Behind Obstacles Based on a low-cost UWB Radar Sensor","authors":"D. Uzunidis, P. Kasnesis, E. Margaritis, M. Feidakis, C. Patrikakis, S. Mitilineos","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152170","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radars are a cost-effective and accurate solution for recognizing human movements for various purposes that span from human activity recognition to vital signs monitoring, (i.e. breathing and heart beating). In this work, we introduce a convenient to use, lightweight and portable solution that exploits an UWB radar sensor as well as an analysis tool tailored for search and rescue operations. In particular, the proposed method works in real-time with main aim to find trapped victims via recognizing their torso movement during breathing. To validate the efficiency of the candidate solution we have collected about three hours of data for three different case studies: indoor environment with and without clear Line of Sight (LOS) as well as outdoor environment with clear LOS. The results demonstrate that the proposed tool is efficient in quantifying in real-time a) if a victim is present within the effective radar range and b) its distance from the radar sensor, even in cases with zero LOS, e.g. behind large obstacles or walls.","PeriodicalId":176605,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133569916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}