Journal of Toxicological Sciences最新文献_第2页

The effects of anemia on the timing of pubertal onset in female rats. 贫血对雌性大鼠青春期开始时间的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.83

Mariko Shimada, Yoshinori Hosokawa, Ryo Ihara, Keiko Ogata, Katsumasa Iwashita, Ryoko Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Asano

{"title":"The effects of anemia on the timing of pubertal onset in female rats.","authors":"Mariko Shimada, Yoshinori Hosokawa, Ryo Ihara, Keiko Ogata, Katsumasa Iwashita, Ryoko Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Asano","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.83","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.83","url":null,"abstract":"Attainment of vaginal patency is an endpoint for the onset of puberty in female animals in toxicity studies. It is widely acknowledged that certain substances with endocrine-modulating effects can influence the timing of puberty in female rats and that factors unrelated to endocrine mechanisms, such as malnutrition and stress, can also affect pubertal onset. Some epidemiological studies have also suggested a link between anemia and delay in pubertal onset in women, however, little is known regarding the relation between hematological changes and female pubertal onset in experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anemia during the prepubertal period on pubertal onset and reproductive organs in female rats. In this study, anemia was induced by drawing a certain amount of blood from the jugular vein or by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine, a well-known inducer of hemolytic anemia. As a result, both treatment groups showed a transient anemia characterized by an approximately 20-35% decrease in hemoglobin levels compared to the control group. Anemia in these female rats produced no obvious changes in body weight on each postnatal day and had no effect on the weights and histopathology of reproductive organs after sexual differentiation, but the age at vaginal opening (VO) was delayed and the body weight at VO was higher than the same parameters in the control group. These results suggest that anemia in prepubertal females could cause a delay in pubertal onset.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 2","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glasgow coma scale may be a predictive factor for delayed neurological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: a retrospective analysis of a nationwide multicenter observational registry in Japan. 格拉斯哥昏迷量表可能是一氧化碳中毒后迟发性神经系统后遗症的预测因素：一项对日本全国多中心观察登记的回顾性分析。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.69

Tadashi Kaneko, Motoki Fujita, Ryosuke Tsuruta

{"title":"Glasgow coma scale may be a predictive factor for delayed neurological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: a retrospective analysis of a nationwide multicenter observational registry in Japan.","authors":"Tadashi Kaneko, Motoki Fujita, Ryosuke Tsuruta","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.69","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.69","url":null,"abstract":"Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) is a cause of accidental or deliberate deaths worldwide. Subsequent complications, particularly delayed neurological sequelae (DNS), are preventable and treatable based on their pathophysiology. Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBO) is a potential procedure for preventing and treating DNS; however, the effects of HBO on DNS are unclear and debated. In the present study, we investigated which factors are associated with the development of DNS and the effects of HBO in patients with ACOP. We performed retrospective subanalyses of the COP-J registry, focusing on adults who underwent HBO, regardless of whether they developed DNS. The multivariable analysis showed that the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on admission was significantly associated with DNS (odds ratio 0.736; 95% confidence interval 0.608-0.892; P = 0.002). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of GCS for DNS revealed a cutoff value of 12.5 according to Youden's index (sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 76.9%). This retrospective analysis of a nationwide Japanese registry of ACOP showed that low GCS scores on admission could be a predictive factor for DNS, with a possible cutoff value of ≤12, in patients who undergo HBO.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 2","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor through maternal beta-naphthoflavone exposure in the neonatal kidney. 新生儿肾脏中母体β -萘黄酮暴露对芳烃受体的激活作用。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.161

Wataru Yoshioka, Kanta Kikutake

{"title":"Activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor through maternal beta-naphthoflavone exposure in the neonatal kidney.","authors":"Wataru Yoshioka, Kanta Kikutake","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.161","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.161","url":null,"abstract":"The kidneys of neonates are vulnerable to stressors due to their immature structure and function. Excess activation of the transcription factor arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the kidneys of neonates can cause severe hydronephrosis, as shown previously using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, an AhR agonist. In this study, we aimed to clarify the conditions under which AhR activation leads to hydronephrosis using beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), another potent agonist of AhR. Mouse dams were fed a BNF-containing diet, and the kidneys of their pups were examined. Maternal BNF exposure on postnatal day 1 (PND 1) significantly activated AhR, as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of the target genes. However, AhR activation was hardly detectable on PND 2 or subsequent days although the mice were continually fed the BNF-containing diet. Further, no hydronephrosis or a related alteration was observed. Similarly, maternal BNF exposure from PND 6 induced significant AhR activation on PND 6 but not on PND 14. The overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is a pivotal mechanism in the development of neonatal hydronephrosis, was not observed, and no hydronephrosis was observed. These results suggested that the intense activation of AhR on PND 1 or 6 is insufficient to induce overproduction of PGE2 or hydronephrosis. Together with findings from previous studies, we conclude that the development of neonatal hydronephrosis depends on the duration and intensity of AhR activation.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 4","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on ototoxicity: from a genetic perspective. 耳毒性的最新进展：从遗传学角度看。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.245

Negar Akbari, Fatemeh Mahmoudi Lamooki, Mahmood Rezvani Amin, Seyyed Emran Disnad, Vahid Yousefinejad, Naeem Goharnia

引用次数: 0

Dabrafenib stimulates autophagy in thyroid carcinoma cells via HMGB-1. Dabrafenib通过HMGB-1刺激甲状腺癌细胞自噬。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.273

Xu Wang, Dianchao Wu, Yongqiang Wang, Fengjuan Han, Xue Feng

{"title":"Dabrafenib stimulates autophagy in thyroid carcinoma cells via HMGB-1.","authors":"Xu Wang, Dianchao Wu, Yongqiang Wang, Fengjuan Han, Xue Feng","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.50.273","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiology of thyroid cancer and in determining the response of cancer cells to anticancer therapy. Dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in several types of cancers. However, it is unknown whether Dabrafenib exerts a protective effect on autophagy in thyroid carcinoma cells. In the current study, our findings demonstrate that treatment with Dabrafenib reduced cell viability and promoted LDH release in SW579 thyroid carcinoma cells. Dabrafenib was then shown to promote autophagy by increasing the level of Beclin1 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio while reducing the level of p62. Additionally, exposure to Dabrafenib upregulated the expression of HMGB-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, silencing of HMGB-1 abrogated Dabrafenib-induced autophagy, suggesting that the effects of Dabrafenib are mediated by HMGB-1. Further study revealed that Dabrafenib activated the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway and that blockage of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway with its inhibitor Pyridone 6 ameliorated Dabrafenib-induced HMGB-1 upregulation and autophagy, implicating the involvement of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway in this process. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Dabrafenib induces autophagy in thyroid carcinoma cells via the JAK1/STAT1/HMGB-1 axis. Notably, this effect occurs independently of BRAF V600E mutation status, suggesting a novel therapeutic mechanism.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 6","pages":"273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (isoforms 1-3, PHD1-3), but not factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), interact with the IKK complex and attenuate LPS-activated NF-kappa-B. 脯氨酸羟化酶结构域酶（异构体1-3，PHD1-3），但不抑制因子HIF-1 (FIH-1)，与IKK复合物相互作用并减弱lps激活的nf - κ b。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.105

Akiyoshi Tamura, Koji Kitayama, Mutsumi Adachi, Kentaro Hashimoto, Ami Oguro, Susumu Imaoka

{"title":"Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (isoforms 1-3, PHD1-3), but not factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), interact with the IKK complex and attenuate LPS-activated NF-kappa-B.","authors":"Akiyoshi Tamura, Koji Kitayama, Mutsumi Adachi, Kentaro Hashimoto, Ami Oguro, Susumu Imaoka","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.105","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.105","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia induces the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa-B). NF-kappa-B functions by forming dimers from five main subunits: p65 (RelA), RelB, p52, p50, and c-Rel. In the classical pathway, NF-kappa-B activity is regulated by the degradation-inducing factor I kappa B kinase (IKK). IKK is composed of an α/β isomer and essential modulator NEMO (γ) subunits in the classical pathway, which may be the major pathway for NF-kappa-B signaling. In the present study, we focused on factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) and Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD), which have been identified as oxygen concentration-dependent regulators of HIF-1α. PHD has three isoforms: PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3, which have different affinities towards HIF-1α. We examined the interactions between IKKα/β and PHD1-3 by immunoprecipitation. PHDs efficiently interacted with IKKα/β. Furthermore, the overexpression of PHDs decreased the mRNA level of IL-1β, a downstream factor of NF-kappa-B activated by LPS. The overexpression of PHD1 and PHD2 markedly reduced IKKα/β protein levels; however, the effects of PHD3 were weaker than those of PHD1 and PHD2. Mutants of the active sites of PHD1 and PHD2 did not decrease IKKα/β protein levels, and a mutation in the active site of PHD3 did not affect IKKα/β protein levels. We also attempted to investigate the interactions of FIH-1 with IKKα/β and IκBα by immunoprecipitation, but found none. Moreover, IKKα/β and p65 protein levels were not affected by the overexpression of FIH-1. Collectively, these results suggest that PHDs directly regulated IKK protein levels, while FIH-1 did not affect the NF-kappa-B classical pathway.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 3","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reported liver toxicity of food chemicals in rats extrapolated to humans using virtual human-to-rat hepatic concentration ratios generated by pharmacokinetic modeling with machine learning-derived parameters. 通过使用机器学习衍生参数的药代动力学建模产生的虚拟人-大鼠肝脏浓度比，将食品化学物质在大鼠中的肝脏毒性外推到人类。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.205

Koichiro Adachi, Manato Hosoi, Yukia Shimura, Makiko Shimizu, Hiroshi Yamazaki

{"title":"Reported liver toxicity of food chemicals in rats extrapolated to humans using virtual human-to-rat hepatic concentration ratios generated by pharmacokinetic modeling with machine learning-derived parameters.","authors":"Koichiro Adachi, Manato Hosoi, Yukia Shimura, Makiko Shimizu, Hiroshi Yamazaki","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.50.205","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacokinetic data are not generally available for evaluating the toxicological potential of food chemicals. A simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been established to evaluate internal exposures to chemicals in rats or humans with no reference to in vitro or in vivo experimental data. In this study, reported liver toxicity levels in rats were extrapolated to humans using virtual hepatic concentration-time curves (AUC) as the interspecies factor. Virtual liver exposures to 27 lipophilic food chemicals (octanol-water partition coefficient logP >1) with reported rat hepatic lowest-observed-effect levels (LOELs) of ≤1000 mg/kg/day were generated using PBPK models with input parameters obtained entirely in silico via machine learning algorithms. The resulting virtual rat and human liver AUCs were correlated (n = 27, r = 0.52, p < 0.01). However, AUCs for the phenolic compounds emodin, isoeugenol, and tert-butylhydroquinone, which have reported rat LOEL values of ≤300 mg/kg/day, were located outside the relatively wide 95% confidence interval, indicating more extensive hepatic elimination in rats than in humans. In vitro depletion of tert-butylhydroquinone in rat liver fractions via sulfation was confirmed to be faster than that in humans. For emodin, isoeugenol, and tert-butylhydroquinone, human-to-rat AUC ratios ranged from 10- to 13-fold; consequently, their extrapolated human hepatic LOEL values were estimated as ≤30 mg/kg/day, i.e., one order of magnitude smaller than the rat LOELs. Despite the small number of lipophilic food chemicals considered here, the PBPK modeling approach using in silico-generated input parameters for rats and humans has the potential to facilitate toxicological studies.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction and evaluation of an open-source database for inhalation-based physiologically based kinetic modeling of selected categories for industrial chemicals. 基于吸入的基于生理动力学建模的工业化学品选定类别的开源数据库的构建和评估。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.57

Shigechika Yamamoto, Kikuo Yoshida, Mariko Matsumoto, Takashi Yamada

{"title":"Construction and evaluation of an open-source database for inhalation-based physiologically based kinetic modeling of selected categories for industrial chemicals.","authors":"Shigechika Yamamoto, Kikuo Yoshida, Mariko Matsumoto, Takashi Yamada","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.57","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.57","url":null,"abstract":"A physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model is used for predicting chemical concentrations of toxicological concern in target tissues. Such models are important for understanding toxicokinetics. However, it is challenging to obtain chemical-specific empirical parameter values used for PBK modeling. Thus, developing methods predicting these values is necessary. Herein, we researched PBK models of inhalation exposure to industrial chemicals and developed a database of parameters of approximately 200 chemicals in humans and rodents. Next, the chemicals in the database were classified into three categories (I, IIA, and IIB) based on the intermolecular interactions for humans and rats. Quantitative relationships between blood/air and tissue/blood partition coefficients and physicochemical parameters were derived for the chemicals in each category. Regression analyses of blood/air and fat/blood partition coefficients against Henry's law constant and log D at pH 7.4 for chemicals in category IIA for humans, in which van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions were involved, yielded 0.88 and 0.54 coefficients of determination, respectively. Moreover, these methods worked for other categories and species. The metabolic parameters maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the chemicals that are primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 were calculated for humans and rats. Multiple regression analyses of logs Vmax and Km against the occurrence frequency of molecular fragments showed good correlations, respectively. The aforementioned models predicted values close to the reported values for test chemicals within the applicability domains. Our approach could also be applied to other chemicals within the domains that are not included in the database.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 2","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of the barrier function of stratum corneum and viable epidermis and dermis on the skin concentration of topically applied chemicals. 角质层、活表皮和真皮层屏障功能对外敷化学药品皮肤浓度的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.187

Hiroaki Todo, Takeshi Oshizaka, Syuuhei Komatsu, Kenji Sugibayashi

{"title":"Effect of the barrier function of stratum corneum and viable epidermis and dermis on the skin concentration of topically applied chemicals.","authors":"Hiroaki Todo, Takeshi Oshizaka, Syuuhei Komatsu, Kenji Sugibayashi","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.187","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.187","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional cultured skin (3D skin) models have been utilized for in vitro skin permeation tests to evaluate the skin permeation rate and local effects (efficacy and toxicity) of applied chemicals, particularly from the perspective of the 3Rs (reduction, replacement, refinement) approach. The steady-state concentration of applied chemicals at different depths in the viable epidermis and dermis (VED) is affected by their skin permeation parameters, such as permeability coefficient (Kp) and partition coefficient (K) from the donor solution to the skin of the chemicals. In the present study, the steady-state concentration of chemicals in the VED of EpiDerm 606X (EpiDerm) as representative of a 3D skin model were compared with hairless rat skin. The VED concentrations of chemicals in EpiDerm were higher than those in hairless rat skin when a model hydrophilic compound, antipyrine, and a model lipophilic compound, flurbiprofen, were applied, suggesting that the barrier functions of the VED against the whole skin were higher in EpiDerm than in hairless rat skin. When an ester compound, ethyl nicotinate, was applied, the VED concentration of nicotinic acid, a metabolite of ethyl nicotinate, was lower in EpiDerm than in hairless rat skin. These differences in the VED concentrations of applied chemicals might be related to false-positives and -negatives of topical effects evaluated with 3D skin models. It is important to pay particular attention to differences in VED concentration in 3D skin models and real skin when evaluating local efficacy and toxicity using 3D skin models.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 4","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of putrefactive amine and ammonia concentrations around decomposed corpses. 腐尸周围腐胺和氨浓度的测定。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of Toxicological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2131/jts.50.75

Hiroaki Sato, Takahiro Umehara, Satoshi Kimura, Toshiko Tanaka, Sang-Eun Kim

{"title":"Determination of putrefactive amine and ammonia concentrations around decomposed corpses.","authors":"Hiroaki Sato, Takahiro Umehara, Satoshi Kimura, Toshiko Tanaka, Sang-Eun Kim","doi":"10.2131/jts.50.75","DOIUrl":"10.2131/jts.50.75","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of a rotting corpse is covered with liquid decomposition products that have flowed out of the body that include putrefactive amines produced via putrefaction and decarboxylation reactions of proteins. Ammonia generated by deamination is also present around the corpse as a liquid or gas. As these putrefactive substances are toxic to humans, we attempted to measure the concentration of putrefactive substances in decomposed corpses in this study. Liquid putrefaction products were collected from the surface of a corpse, and the concentrations of putrefactive amines such as histamine, tyramine, phenethylamine, and tryptamine were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Ammonia in the liquid and air around the corpse was also measured. Putrefactive amines and ammonia were present on all corpse surfaces. The highest concentrations and postmortem days in parentheses were as follows: histamine 2.26 mg/g (15 days), tyramine 1.77 mg/g (16 days), phenethylamine 4.90 mg/g (24 days), tryptamine 1.58 mg/g (17 days) and ammonia 25.6 mg/g (24 days postmortem). The highest concentration of ammonia in the air was 1310 ppm at 24 days postmortem. The ammonia level in the air around a corpse is toxic to humans. Inhalation of putrefactive amines and ammonia can cause chemical irritation to the respiratory tract and the skin and damage the mucous membrane of the eye. Oral ingestion can also cause poisoning symptoms such as blood pressure changes and headaches. Adequate protection against putrefactive substances is required when in contact with decaying corpses.","PeriodicalId":17654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicological Sciences","volume":"50 2","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0