Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care最新文献

{"title":"Clinical features and outcome of dogs and cats with gastrointestinal pneumatosis: 30 cases (2010–2021)","authors":"Nadine Jones BVMedSci (Hons), BVM, BVS, MVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC,&nbsp;Karen Humm MA, VetMB, DACVECC, DECVECC,&nbsp;Helen Dirrig BVetMed (Hons), MVetMed, DACVR, DECVDI,&nbsp;Melissa Beth Glenn Espinoza MS,&nbsp;Igor Yankin DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Rachael Birkbeck DVM, MVetMed, DACVECC,&nbsp;Laura Cole MA, VetMB, MVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13417","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13417","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the presentation, etiology, and outcome of dogs and cats diagnosed with gastrointestinal pneumatosis (GP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three referral institutions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six dogs and 4 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common sites of GP were the stomach (<i>n </i>= 19), followed by the colon (<i>n </i>= 8) and small intestine (<i>n </i>= 2). One case had pneumatosis of both the stomach and the colon. GP was most commonly associated with gastrointestinal disease in dogs (18/26 [69%]) and cats (3/4 [75%]), with common diagnoses including gastric dilatation and volvulus (<i>n</i> = 5), acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (<i>n</i> = 4), and gastrointestinal ulceration (<i>n</i> = 4). Of the 4 cases of gastrointestinal ulceration, 3 were dogs with a history of glucocorticosteroid or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration and vomiting and diarrhea. Six of 30 cases (20%), all of which were dogs, were determined to have a surgical indication for exploratory celiotomy, although not solely on the basis of diagnosis of GP. Five cases underwent exploratory celiotomy, of which 1 (20%) survived to hospital discharge. Of the medically managed cases, 13 of 24 (54%) survived to hospital discharge. Overall, 14 of 30 cases (47%) survived to hospital discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GP is an uncommon diagnostic imaging finding that is associated with a variety of disease processes. Its development is often related to primary gastrointestinal diseases. In the absence of other surgical disease, exploratory celiotomy based solely on the diagnosis of GP is unlikely to be indicated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uroabdomen secondary to spontaneous bladder rupture in a dog with dystocia","authors":"Sukjung Lim DVM,&nbsp;Geoffrey Stuart Hennig DVMMS, DACVS,&nbsp;Alicia Niedzwecki DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Igor Yankin DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13415","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the development of uroabdomen secondary to spontaneous bladder rupture in a dog with dystocia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 2-year-old intact female Boston Terrier was referred for prolonged labor of 72 hours. At presentation, the dog had delivered 8 puppies at home, with the last pup being stillborn. The dog was in hypovolemic shock and had free abdominal effusion. Abdominal radiographs showed no evidence of remaining fetuses. Abdominal fluid analysis revealed a fluid potassium that was 1.8 times higher than the peripheral blood potassium. Retrograde positive contrast cystography identified leakage of contrast into the abdomen, consistent with uroabdomen secondary to bladder rupture. Bloodwork abnormalities included a mild monocytic leukocytosis with a left shift, moderate azotemia, mild hyperbilirubinemia, mild increase of alkaline phosphatase activity, moderate hyponatremia, and moderate hypochloremia. The dog was resuscitated with IV fluids and received IV antimicrobials out of concerns for septic peritonitis and sepsis. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a moderate volume abdominal effusion, uterine enlargement with no identifiable fetuses, and a small rupture of the urinary bladder wall apex. The bladder wall defect was repaired, and the dog underwent an ovariohysterectomy. Perioperative systemic hypotension was treated with a norepinephrine constant rate infusion and resolved within 24 hours. The dog was discharged 5 days later. The combined peritoneal fluid and uterine fluid culture and sensitivity testing revealed <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>, both susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin. Bladder wall histopathology revealed severe mural congestion, edema, and hemorrhage, without evidence of neoplasia, cystitis, or urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first case report of a dog with uroabdomen secondary to a bladder wall rupture associated with dystocia. Early recognition of this rare phenomenon and vigilance in treatment is essential for a good prognosis and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"497-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Prelim","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 4","pages":"309-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed transforaminal brain herniation in a cat following bromethalin intoxication","authors":"Erica Matula VMD, DACVECC,&nbsp;Alicia Mastrocco DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jennifer Prittie DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Taryn Donovan DVM, DACVP","doi":"10.1111/vec.13413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report a case of delayed death after initial successful treatment of severe bromethalin intoxication in a cat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented as a referral for bromethalin toxicosis and progressive neurological decline. At the time of referral, the cat was nonambulatory tetraparetic with minimal motor function in all 4 limbs and exhibited a dull mentation. Within the first 4 hours of hospitalization, the cat's neurological status continued to rapidly decline, and osmotherapy, corticosteroids, and intralipids were administered. The treatment regimen also included levetiracetam, thiamine, cholestyramine, vitamin E, and gingko biloba. Six days after bromethalin ingestion, the cat displayed marked neurological improvement with near normal mentation and mild tetraparesis and was discharged. The cat continued to do well at home with improving neurological status and function. Nine days after discharge, the cat was presented dead on arrival. Postmortem examination revealed transforaminal brain herniation secondary to spongy degeneration of the white matter and increased intracranial pressure as the cause of death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a cat that suffered delayed death despite initial neurological improvement after being treated for severe bromethalin toxicosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"502-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in cats with blunt trauma (2018–2021): 177 cases","authors":"Pavlos G. Doulidis DVM,&nbsp;Yasamin Vali DVM,&nbsp;Caroline Frizzo Ramos DVM,&nbsp;Abigail Guija-de-Arespacochaga DVM, DECVCP","doi":"10.1111/vec.13414","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker in cats with blunt trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from January 2018 to December 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 177 cats admitted with blunt trauma were evaluated. History, clinical findings, blood cell count-based ratios, thoracic radiographs on presentation, and outcome were reviewed. The Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score was assessed in each cat and classified as mild (1–3), moderate (4–7), and severe trauma (≥8). Forty-eight healthy blood donor cats served as the control population. NLR, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts were compared between cats with blunt trauma and controls, and among trauma patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NLR, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts significantly differ in cats with blunt trauma compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and NLR was higher in patients with thoracic trauma (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Nonsurvivors had lower lymphocyte counts (<i>p</i> = 0.041), although those values do not appear to be clinically relevant. A significant increase in NLR was observed with increasing severity of trauma (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The NLR was not associated with the length of hospitalization, intensive care assistance, or mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NLR is a widely available diagnostic tool, which can be used in addition to ATT to assess trauma severity, although in our study it was not predictive of the outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the short-term response of human intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the management of canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (2010–2015): 27 cases","authors":"Andrea Zoia DVM, MSc, PhD, DECVIM,&nbsp;Francesca Busato DVM, DECVIM,&nbsp;Michele Drigo DVM, PhD","doi":"10.1111/vec.13408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the short-term response, early prognostic markers, and survival after treatment of canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) with human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) and methylprednisolone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Settings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Private referral veterinary medical center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with primary or secondary ITP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All dogs received 2 mg/kg IV methylprednisolone once daily and a single infusion of 5% hIVIG administered over 6–12 hours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A substantial increase in platelet count within 60 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T₆₀) was observed in 19 of the 27 (70%) dogs with ITP (responders). Thirty-four variables, including serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration 24 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T₂₄IgG) and increase in serum IgG concentration 24 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T₂₄Δ_IgG), were compared between responders and nonresponders at 5 different time points. Mortality rates of responders and nonresponders were evaluated 14 days post-hIVIG infusion. Serum T₂₄IgG and serum T₂₄Δ_IgG were both significantly higher at T₆₀ in responders. All responders were alive 14 days post-hIVIG infusion, and their mortality rate was significantly lower compared with nonresponders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Responder dogs had an excellent 14-day survival rate. Serum T₂₄IgG and serum T₂₄Δ_IgG concentrations accurately predicted response status at 60 hours post-hIVIG infusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"465-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the implementation, frequency of use, type, and impact of veterinary emergency service pause systems","authors":"Andrew Linklater DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the prevalence of veterinary emergency service pause systems (VESPSs) and describe aspects of implementation and perceived impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic questionnaire</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Membership of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society (VECCS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurement and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A questionnaire was distributed to 6176 VECCS members with 1168 responses. Seventy-six percent of the respondents were veterinarians. Ninety-one percent of respondents practice in the United States, with 74% of them working at 24/7 multispecialty practices. Eighty-seven percent of respondents indicated patient volume had increased, and 75% reported that a VESPS had been implemented between September 2020 and December 2021. Sixty-two percent reported that their emergency service had been paused or closed once per week or more. The top reasons for implementing a VESPS included excessive caseload and staffing shortages. A variety of methods were utilized to implement a pause. Sixty-nine percent reported their VESPS was less than ideal for effectiveness. Pause systems were reported to be highly supported by medical staff. Seventy-seven percent reported increased client frustration and complaints, and 57% reported staff were stressed from denying care. Of those who do not currently have a VESPS in place, 74% would prefer to have one.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VESPSs were in widespread use at the time of this survey, and most have been implemented between September 2020 and December 2021. The majority of VESPSs were employed to mitigate increased caseload and staffing shortages. Although VESPSs are largely supported by medical staff, drawbacks may include staff stress and client frustrations, and improvements are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 5","pages":"455-464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel scoring system to predict mortality in canine patients with infection","authors":"Mallory V. Horridge DVM,&nbsp;Bridget M. Lyons VMD, DACVECC,&nbsp;Darko Stefanovski BS, MS, PhD,&nbsp;Deborah C. Silverstein BS, DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a novel illness severity scoring system to identify canine patients with infection that are at higher risk of mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mentation (Modified Glasgow Coma Scale and the Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation mentation score), heart rate, pH, P_v<span>co</span>₂, potassium, and total plasma protein were found to be associated with mortality on univariate analysis. Logistic regression found that mentation, heart rate, and P_v<span>co</span>₂ combined to form the following score: [(100 × mentation score) + (3 × heart rate) + (10 × P_v<span>co</span>₂], which was predictive of mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.88). A cutoff of 900 provided a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 80%. If the cutoff was changed to 800, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 50%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel scoring system was developed to predict mortality in hospitalized dogs with confirmed or suspected infection. Further prospective evaluation in a larger patient cohort is necessary to validate this score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 4","pages":"412-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of renal tubular acidosis","authors":"Manju Gauri Kunchur BVSc, MS,&nbsp;Teri Jo Mauch MD, PhD, FAAP, FASN,&nbsp;Max Parkanzky DVM, MS, DACVIM,&nbsp;Louisa J. Rahilly DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review the current scientific literature on renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in people and small animals, focusing on diseases in veterinary medicine that result in secondary RTA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scientific reviews and original research publications on people and small animals focusing on RTA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RTA is characterized by defective renal acid–base regulation that results in normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Renal acid–base regulation includes the reabsorption and regeneration of bicarbonate in the renal proximal tubule and collecting ducts and the process of ammoniagenesis. RTA occurs as a primary genetic disorder or secondary to disease conditions. Based on pathophysiology, RTA is classified as distal or type 1 RTA, proximal or type 2 RTA, type 3 RTA or carbonic anhydrase II mutation, and type 4 or hyperkalemic RTA. Fanconi syndrome comprises proximal RTA with additional defects in proximal tubular function. Extensive research elucidating the genetic basis of RTA in people exists. RTA is a genetic disorder in the Basenji breed of dogs, where the mutation is known. Secondary RTA in human and veterinary medicine is the sequela of diseases that include immune-mediated, toxic, and infectious causes. Diagnosis and characterization of RTA include the measurement of urine pH and the evaluation of renal handling of substances that should affect acid or bicarbonate excretion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Commonality exists between human and veterinary medicine among the types of RTA. Many genetic defects causing primary RTA are identified in people, but those in companion animals other than in the Basenji are unknown. Critically ill veterinary patients are often admitted to the ICU for diseases associated with secondary RTA, or they may develop RTA while hospitalized. Recognition and treatment of RTA may reverse tubular dysfunction and promote recovery by correcting metabolic acidosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 4","pages":"325-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of shock index and mortality in dogs with head trauma (2015–2020): 86 cases","authors":"Briana M. McConnell DVM,&nbsp;Yonaira Cortes DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Dennis Bailey DVM, DACVIM","doi":"10.1111/vec.13411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the relationship between shock index (SI) and mortality in dogs with head trauma (HT). A secondary objective was to compare SI with the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MCGS) score in HT cases. A tertiary aim was to assess if SI is predictive of survival to discharge or improvement in presenting neurologic signs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from January 2015 to December 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tertiary referral level II veterinary trauma center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-six dogs with evidence of HT presenting through emergency for various traumas compared to 60 healthy control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SI was calculated using the quotient of heart rate over systolic blood pressure measured on presentation. SI was significantly higher in HT patients than healthy controls (<i>P</i> = 0.0019). SI was not significantly different between traumatic brain injury dogs that died or were euthanized and HT dogs that lived until the time of discharge (<i>P</i> = 0.98). SI was not significantly different between HT dogs that were neurologically normal at the time of discharge and HT dogs that were static or improved but not normal neurologically at the time of discharge (<i>P</i> = 0.84). In HT dogs, SI did not correlate with ATT score (<i>P</i> = 0.16) or MGCS score (<i>P</i> = 0.75). There was no significant difference in SI and length of hospitalization until death or discharge (<i>P</i> = 0.78).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SI was significantly higher in HT patients compared to control patients. Interestingly, SI was not correlated with ATT score or MGCS score. The use of SI in HT patients warrants further investigation to assess the efficacy in predicting mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 4","pages":"387-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}