Emma Scheltema, Preet Singh, Laryssa Howe, Marcia Fletcher, Antony Jacob, Kerri Morgan
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Some Synthetic Triazine Anticoccidials in Apparently Healthy North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) Chicks","authors":"Emma Scheltema, Preet Singh, Laryssa Howe, Marcia Fletcher, Antony Jacob, Kerri Morgan","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Captive-reared kiwi (<i>Apteryx</i> spp.) chicks commonly suffer from coccidiosis, a parasitic disease that can cause morbidity and mortality in young immune-naive birds. Disease is currently managed in captivity through a combination of preventative husbandry practices and therapeutic treatment with the coccidiocide toltrazuril, for which no safety or pharmacokinetic data is available for kiwi. In this study we attempted to determine the pharmacokinetics of synthetic triazine anticoccidials, toltrazuril and diclazuril, in healthy three-to-four-week-old North Island brown kiwi (<i>Apteryx mantelli)</i> chicks. Birds were given a single oral dose of toltrazuril (25 mg/kg.bw; <i>n</i> = 6) or diclazuril (5 mg/kg.bw; <i>n</i> = 6), and closely monitored for adverse reactions. Serial blood samples were analysed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to determine the pharmacokinetics of both drugs, including the active metabolite of toltrazuril, toltrazuril sulphone. Pharmacokinetics were ascertained for both drugs in kiwi chicks. The mean (standard deviation) C<sub>max</sub> of diclazuril in plasma was 539.48 ± 169.63 ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 11.33 ± 1.63 h, while the C<sub>max</sub> for toltrazuril was 5622.16 ± 1997.52 ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 11.33 ± 1.63 h and C<sub>max</sub> of toltrazuril sulphone 3623.01 ± 1085.71 ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 96 ± 26.29 h. Mild changes to some biochemical parameters were observed, most notably elevations in uric acid in some toltrazuril-treated birds; however no remarkable clinical changes were observed in any chicks dosed with the drugs trialled.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 2","pages":"198-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heather Grieve, Martin Hawes, Catherine Hemingway, Elizabeth Wright, David Killick
{"title":"Teaching Student Veterinary Professionals About Pharmacovigilance: A Survey of UK Veterinary Educators.","authors":"Heather Grieve, Martin Hawes, Catherine Hemingway, Elizabeth Wright, David Killick","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse drug event (ADE) reports submitted by veterinary professionals are essential for monitoring the safety and efficacy of marketed veterinary products. Despite this, the majority of veterinary ADEs are not reported. Further education on the topic of pharmacovigilance has been widely explored in human healthcare as a potential facilitator for reporting. To guide design of an enhanced pharmacovigilance curriculum for veterinary professionals, a better understanding of student veterinary professional pharmacovigilance training is required. Therefore, we investigated the current UK pharmacovigilance curriculum through a survey of veterinary educators. In total, there were 17 responses from UK-based training providers, six relating to undergraduate veterinary surgeon training and 11 relating to training in veterinary nursing. All students received some pharmacovigilance training, which appeared to be largely didactic in nature. A total of 29.4% of respondents indicated that students are provided the opportunity to submit a practice ADE report. Exploration of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of students with regards to this training would be useful in assessing quality and opportunities for enhancement. Development of shared resources which provide students with access to 'real world' examples of ADEs would support development of practical skills in identifying, managing, and reporting ADEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147307319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148095037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148095030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148081825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148080189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148068461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"49 3","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148068479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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