PRN: Political Processes最新文献

{"title":"International Migration-Development Nexus: The Case of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT)","authors":"R. Asali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2631074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2631074","url":null,"abstract":"The international migration-development nexus has attracted a lot of scholarly attention in the last few years. It is widely believed that international migration can have profound and positive impacts on the development process in migrant-sending countries if the governments of these countries adopt proper policies. In this paper, I take the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) as a case study to examine the impact of international migration on the development process in this conflict-stricken country. The Palestinian case is an interesting case study because the OPT: has a very weak economy; has very high population growth rate; and suffers from high levels of political instability. Therefore, it has all key factors that push migration. In fact, migration, forced and voluntary, has been a consistent and structural feature of the life of the Palestinians since the late nineteenth century, and this extensive migration has resulted in a large number of spreading all over the world, including very successful and well-established communities in different countries such as the USA and Germany. In my paper, I examined five key aspects of international migration that could have a positive impact on the development process in the OPT: 1-Bilateral & multi-lateral temporary labor agreements between the OPT and other countries, that aim at reducing unemployment in the OPT; 2-Financial remittances sent back to the OPT; 3-Diaspora organizations that support development activities in the OPT; 4-Investments that are made by diaspora Palestinian businessmen in the OPT; 5-Return migration and brain circulation of highly skilled diaspora Palestinians. Based on a wide range of scholarly materials and official reports that are relevant to the international migration-development nexus in the OPT, I argue that international migration could be a potent development tool in the OPT if it is utilized effectively by the Palestinian Authority (PA) in a way that is sensitive and responsive to the peculiar and complex Palestinian context. The PA should formulate a clear policy about migration, and the issue of migration should be fully institutionalized and integrated into national development planning so that the positive developmental impact of international migration is maximized.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130258190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals, Corporations, and the Pedagogy of Citizenship","authors":"L. Yuille","doi":"10.17161/1808.20296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.20296","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines access to and experiences in the market for citizenship (writ large to include legal, cultural, social, and political) across three broad categories: black Americans, immigrants, and corporations. Drawing on the critiques reanimated by the killings of youth, like Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, the essay suggests that, while black Americans enjoy full legal citizenship, they, nevertheless, face often insurmountable obstacles in accessing and negotiating the market for arguably more valuable forms of citizenship. Contrasting the position of a range of noncitizens -- from pop stars to migrant workers -- the essay reaffirms the common wisdom that for immigrants, the market for citizenship is an unpredictable and unreliable lottery. Then, recounting the story of Burger King's partial expatriation, it illustrates that corporations participate in a market for citizenship that is flexible and negotiable, not unlike traditional markets. Although, the stories this essay tells and the discourses associated with them are well known, their juxtaposition reveals a new question. What is the lesson taught by these disparate experiences? Describing law as a societal pedagogy, the essay suggests a heuristic through which that question may begin to be explored.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124603981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthology of the Concept of 'Development' and its Role in Planning of Business Systems","authors":"Veronika Filonchik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2541390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2541390","url":null,"abstract":"In Economics there are many hypotheses, theories, opinions, able to solve actual problems of socio-economic development of society and business systems. However, a clear acceleration of this development, the dynamic alternation of the state of economic relations and economic development requires the creation of new methods of solving problems, including management of economic processes, forecasting economic development. The development of methods is a complex scientific problem that requires, as a rule, partial or complete correction of the scientific worldview. There is no doubt that all economic processes are the development that takes place over time. The essential characteristic of all processes is the time, because the development has a focus and is carried out in real time. So one of the important directions of the development of a methodological doctrine of economic science is directly related to the study of \"development\" as a philosophical category, and its role in the economy.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Its Time to Replace Toxic Governance with Good Governance","authors":"S. Turnbull","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2533220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2533220","url":null,"abstract":"The Australian financial system is exposed to the same toxic governance practices that caused the financial crisis in 2008. The US Government’s 2011 commission of inquiry into the crisis concluded that a “key cause” was “dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management”. However, the Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority enforces US practices that become particularly toxic with Australia law. A shared source of toxicity arises from corporate constitutions providing directors with absolute power to corrupt themselves, their firm, and in the case of prudentially regulated institutions, the financial system and so the real economy. The solution is to amend constitutions to separate the power to govern from the power to manage while engaging with stakeholder constituencies to empower them to become co-regulators. A fundamental problem is that regulators, governance rating agencies and experts who formulate governance codes have not identified the objectives of good governance and so do not know where to head. Parliament is required to give direction. Good governance requires organizations to act ethically and fairly while minimizing harms, inequities, costs and risks on society by improving their self-governance. Self-governance is found in nature to allow creatures with little intelligence to reproduce in dynamic, complex unknowable environments. The paper describes how the laws of nature can be used to design the constitutions of organizations to follow the compelling success of simple creatures. The paper concludes that a Parliamentary inquiry is required to rectify the commitment by regulators, governance codes, and practitioners and their professional bodies to toxic governance.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127866860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misinformed Voters and the Politics of the Slippery Slope","authors":"Giri Parameswaran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2346980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2346980","url":null,"abstract":"Reform opponents often argue that beneficial reforms should be rejected, just in case implementation leads the polity down the slippery slope (of implementing additional reforms) that ends at an outcome that is worse than the status quo. What rationalizes this fear of policy overshooting its target? In the context of public goods provision, I explain the slippery slope sentiment as the consequence of manipulation by some informed voters, of the beliefs of misinformed voters who systematically undervalue the public good. Inefficiently under-providing the public good reduces the opportunities for the misinformed to learn the true value of the good, which suppresses aggregate demand for the good. This incentive to distort is larger when the income of the pivotal voter is further from the median income, and exists even when the number of misinformed are small. Using an inequality measure that is analogous to, but distinct from, Lorenz dominance, I show that slippery slope inefficiencies are more likely to arise when inequality increases.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arguments for Competitive Order in the Laboratory: Smith, Hayek, and Ecological Rationality","authors":"I. Irwin, Andrew M. Yuengert","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2315175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2315175","url":null,"abstract":"Vernon Smith (2008) argues that his experimental work is a demonstration of Friedrich Hayek’s ‘ecological rationalism’. This assertion is difficult to square with Hayek’s apparent dismissal of the possibility of demonstrating ‘ecological rationality’ in a laboratory (documented in Smith 2008). The disagreement is rooted in two different meanings of the term ‘ecological rationality’: first, as a description of the contingent reasonableness of evolved norms and behaviors (ER1), and second, as an argument that reliance on evolutionary processes is ‘rational’ for policymakers (ER2). Smith’s laboratory methods can demonstrate in a partial but significant way ER1, but can only demonstrate ER2 if efficiency is accepted as a measure of desirability. Hayek is primarily skeptical of experimental demonstrations of ER2, because in his analysis preferences are emergent, not fixed, and efficiency is normatively problematic. Hayek implicitly affirms this point in the arguments he makes for markets, which do not rely on preferences or efficiency.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131036820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Power and the Management of a Mega-Event: The Case of Sydney 2000","authors":"S. Frawley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2574536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2574536","url":null,"abstract":"The organization of a mega-sport event such as the Olympic Games is a complex task involving a multitude of individuals and stakeholder groups. In 2000, Australia’s largest city, Sydney, staged the Summer Olympic Games. The agency given primary responsibility for these Games was the Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG). Two additional organizations also played a central role in the management of the event: the Australian Olympic Committee and the New South Wales Government. This paper explores the role played by the host national Olympic committee as a key Olympic stakeholder in the organization of the Olympic Games. The research highlights, that organization of a mega-project, such as the Olympic Games, is not only the result of recent developments but also of countless social and organizational figurations that developed over many years prior to the winning of a bid to stage the event.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Networks, Commitment, and Competence: Caste in Indian Local Politics","authors":"Kaivan Munshi, M. Rosenzweig","doi":"10.3386/W19197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W19197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper widens the scope of the emerging literature on economic networks by assessing the role of caste networks in Indian local politics. We test the hypothesis that these networks can discipline their members to overcome political commitment problems, enabling communities to select their most competent representatives, while at the same time ensuring that they honor the public goods preferences of their constituents. Using detailed data on local public goods at the street level and the characteristics of constituents and their elected representatives at the ward level over multiple terms, and exploiting the random system of reserving local council seats for caste groups, we find that caste discipline results in the election of representatives with superior observed characteristics and the provision of a significantly greater level of public goods. This improvement in political competence occurs without apparently diminishing leaders' responsiveness to the preferences of their constituents, although the constituency is narrowly defined by the sub-caste rather than the electorate as a whole.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125420381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chartism and the Income Tax","authors":"S. Utz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2386839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2386839","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have devoted much attention to the Chartists’ advocacy of non-economic political rights. Almost nothing has been written about the movement’s articulate campaign for the revival of the British income tax. The intellectual content of this grass-roots support for the longest surviving of the world’s income tax regimes is important because, like constitutions of the same era, early income tax laws were skeletal legislative products, dependent for their meaning on prior public debate. The Chartists transformed slogans against heavy consumption taxation into a distinctive statement of the goals of the income tax, including those we now refer to as tax neutrality and vertical equity. Their views on these matters were without parallel in the public discussion before and immediately after Peel’s reintroduction of the income tax in 1842.This material was first published by Thomson Reuters (Professional) UK Limited in Stephen Utz, Chartism and the Income Tax, British Tax Review [2013] No. 2, at page 192, and is reproduced by agreement with the Publishers.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128059610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Rabin","authors":"Alex Voorhoeve","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3885768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3885768","url":null,"abstract":"How can individuals best be encouraged to take more responsibility for their well-being and their environment or to behave more ethically in their business transactions? Across the world, governments are showing a growing interest in using behavioural economic research to inform the design of nudges which, some suggest, might encourage citizens to adopt beneficial patterns of behaviour. In this fascinating collection, leading academic economists, psychologists and philosophers reflect on how behavioural economic findings can be used to help inform the design of policy initiatives in the areas of health, education, the environment, personal finances and worker remuneration. Each chapter is accompanied by a shorter 'response' that provides critical commentary and an alternative perspective. This accessible book will interest academic researchers, graduate students and policy-makers across a range of disciplinary perspectives.","PeriodicalId":175866,"journal":{"name":"PRN: Political Processes","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116629219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}