{"title":"Malicious data injection attacks: A relaxed physics model based strategy for real-time monitoring","authors":"Tierui Zou, A. Bretas, Nader Aljohani, N. Bretas","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000397","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advances in the infrastructure of power networks, modern power systems have become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. An attacker can mislead the operators in power system control centers by introducing malicious data that affect the outputs of the state estimator which turn disrupts in the operation and control functions of many power system applications. Hence, an accurate and fast algorithm for detecting, identifying and correcting malicious data injection attacks is crucial to prevent catastrophic failures in power systems. This paper presents further contributions to power system real-time monitoring in the presence of a malicious data injection attacks. State of the art solutions consider either measurement or parameter is free of error when estimating the state variables, such as complex voltages. However, malicious data in measurements and parameters can be injected simultaneously and such assumption does not provide an accurate solution. In this work, a relaxed model strategy is proposed to handle such simultaneous data attack. The framework of measurement gross error analysis is deployed in processing and analyzing attacks. Chi-square X2 Hypothesis Testing applied to the normalized composed measurement error (CMEN) is considered for detecting cyber-attacks. The property of largest normalized error test is used for identifying malicious data injection. The correction of cyber-attack considers the type of attack and the composed normalized error (CNE) in a relaxed model strategy that takes into account the effect of the measurement in error when correcting the attacked parameter. The proposed model is validated on IEEE 14-bus system.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"511 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying an Exploitable Structure for the Core Problem of Load-Redistribution Attack Problems","authors":"Ramin Kaviani, K. Hedman","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000221","url":null,"abstract":"Ahstract- This study identifies and proposes an exploitable linear programming model for the core problem of sophisticated attacker-defender load-redistribution (LR) attack problems. This model is developed by leveraging power system domain insight and fundamental knowledge of the physics laws in power systems. The main contribution of this study is to demonstrate the point that there is no reason to solve any complicated problem for attackers in LR attack problems since the attackers' strategy is strikingly simple and trivial for this type of attack, which could be the basis of developing detection mechanisms against this type of cyber-attacks. We applied the proposed model to the IEEE 118-Bus test case to create an LR attack and demonstrate its impact in order to show the applicability and accuracy of our work.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1085 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124727673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution System Harmonic Mitigation using a PV System with Hybrid Active Filter Features","authors":"A. A. Smadi, Hangtian Lei, B. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design of a photovoltaic converter with integrated hybrid active power filter (HAPF) functionality to improve power quality on three phase distribution networks. The HAPF control consists of a hysteresis band controller based on instantaneous reactive power theory to control the switching of a voltage source converter (VSC). A dc-dc boost converter interfaces a photovoltaic (PV) array to the dc link of the VSC to meet the system requirements and to inject the active power produced by photovoltaic generator to the grid. The HAPF control eliminates harmonics produced by nonlinear loads and small inverters on the distribution system. In the daytime during peak sunlight hours, the PV supplied HAPF system is in full-functioning operation mode. During the periods when there is less sunlight, the loads are supported by the main distribution system while the inverter system only provides reactive power compensation and filters harmonic currents. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the combined photovoltaic, harmonic compensation and dynamic reactive power compensation system. Moreover, the low THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) on the distribution system as a result of the designed system meets the requirements of IEEE-519.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security Constrained Unit Commitment with Corrective Transmission Switching","authors":"A. Ramesh, Xingpeng Li","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000308","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, power system operations use a static network to deliver power and meet demand optimally. Network topology reconfiguration through transmission switching (TS) has gained significant interest recently to reduce the operational cost of power system operations. However, implementation of TS also causes large disturbance in the network and as a result the use of corrective transmission switching (CTS) in response to power system contingencies is currently being researched extensively. This paper emphasizes the importance of CTS to accomplish flexible transmission in N-1 security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model. An N-1 SCUC mathematical model implementing a dynamic network in the post-contingency scenario is proposed as opposed to current industry practices of static network in short-term operations. The proposed model is tested and validated on the IEEE 24-bus system. The proposed model results in cost-effective implementation and leads to overall reduced cost, and congestion reduction in the post-contingency scenario.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123688239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chance-constrained water pumping managing power distribution network constraints","authors":"Anna Stuhlmacher, J. Mathieu","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000282","url":null,"abstract":"We formulate a chance-constrained optimization problem to schedule water distribution network (WDN) pumping subject to water and power distribution network (PDN) constraints while managing water demand uncertainty. In addition to an optimal pumping schedule, we also determine optimal control policy parameters used to compute real-time control actions to compensate for demand forecast error. The resulting problem includes nonconvex constraints, and so conventional solution approaches for chance-constrained problems do not work. We heuristically apply a scenario-based method and investigate the control policy's performance to ensure all WDN and PDN constraints are satisfied despite uncertainty. Through case studies with a detailed model of a coupled WDN/PDN, we find that WDN pumping can be scheduled and controlled to manage PDN voltage constraints and that the scenario-based method provides feasible real-time control actions for many realistic water demand scenarios but more work is needed to identify computationally tractable approaches with probabilistic guarantees.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121791355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinshun Su, P. Dehghanian, Mostafa Nazemi, Bo Wang
{"title":"Distributed Wind Power Resources for Enhanced Power Grid Resilience","authors":"Jinshun Su, P. Dehghanian, Mostafa Nazemi, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000240","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity outages and large scale blackouts due to natural disasters have been observed commonplace recently. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop an efficient restoration strategy to ameliorate a grid-scale capability for restoration. With increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, it is a great potential to include wind power into the system restoration planing processes. This paper develops an efficient restoration strategy considering wind energy participation to achieve an enhanced grid resilience in response to widespread emergencies. The proposed strategy is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed method, the vulnerability of power elements is taken into account following a high-impact low-probability (HILP) event. The developed strategy is comprehensively tested on the modified IEEE 118-bus test system and the numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121893394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunistic Network Sharing for Transporting Smart Grid Data Traffic","authors":"V. Dev, Uddipan Das, V. Namboodiri","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000247","url":null,"abstract":"With the inception of smart grid technologies, electric utilities have been attempting multifarious mechanisms to transport information from data generating entities to their information control centers. One such approach for carrying application data is to lease communication network capacity from Internet service providers (ISPs). Such dedicated capacity reservations on communication networks can be a costly proposition for electric utilities. This work proposes an alternative paradigm that takes advantage of the elastic nature of smart grid data traffic flows to piggyback (with authorization) on ISP networks without impacting the QoS of the primary flows on that network. Such an opportunistic scheme is expected to reduce operational costs for utilities to carry smart grid data traffic while providing guarantees to ISPs that their primary flows will be unaffected. The proposed opportunistic network sharing scheme builds upon a software-defined networking (SDN) approach at an intermediate router to provide QoS guarantees for regular ISP traffic. To mitigate the inevitable throttling of smart grid traffic during times of high network utilization in the shared network, a data granularity management algorithm is proposed that gracefully reduces the data granularity of smart grid (SG) data traffic in preemptive fashion in an attempt to meet application QoS needs.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122538899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Monika, R. Meshram, Sushama Wagh, Navdeep Singh, A. M. Stankovic
{"title":"Robust Control of Solid State Transformer using Dynamic Phasor based model with dq transformation","authors":"M. Monika, R. Meshram, Sushama Wagh, Navdeep Singh, A. M. Stankovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000398","url":null,"abstract":"A high frequency solid-state transformer (SST) proposed by FREEDM centre is an interesting alternative to conventional distribution transformer in microgrids as it supports additional functionalities such as active-reactive power flow control, fault current limitation and voltage regulation. This paper proposes a dynamic phasor based robust control of SST through the modular control of each stage. The control problem is formulated in frequency domain by representing the system states with time varying Fourier coefficients or dynamic phasors (DP). This formulation transforms the oscillating waveforms of ac circuits to constant or slowly varying variables, hence allow the use of PI controller to track the sinusoidal references. For rectifier and inverter stages of SST, dq transformation is applied on DP which facilitates the design of PI controller to smoothen out the ripples in the output voltage waveform. The controller gains are tuned to reject input and load disturbances and attenuate measurement noise using loop shaping and pole assignment technique. The robustness of the controller is assured analytically against parametric uncertainties using small gain theorem. Simulation results are provided to support the proposed control scheme. Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) simulation is carried out on critical stages using Opal-RT and dSPACE simulators to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126285012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charul Kalaria, Victor Ogunkanmi, Avery Hagle, Ryne Swanbum, B. Diong
{"title":"On the Distortion of Pulse-Width-Modulated Five-Level Asymmetric Multilevel Inverters","authors":"Charul Kalaria, Victor Ogunkanmi, Avery Hagle, Ryne Swanbum, B. Diong","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000332","url":null,"abstract":"The use of multilevel inverters is increasing to achieve better power quality. Hence, it is essential to determine a modulation technique which can obtain optimum harmonic distortion of multilevel inverter output. This paper presents an analytical technique to determine the spectral components of an asymmetric five-level PWM inverter. To obtain the analytical expressions for the inverter output waveform, the double Fourier integral technique is used. Accuracy of this analysis was verified by comparing the total harmonic distortions and weighted total harmonic distortions obtained by this analysis, with the same obtained by simulations and experiments. This was done for various amplitude modulation index values, and the degree of asymmetry needed to achieve minimal output voltage distortion was determined for each of the considered index values.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129593257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pricing Implications of Transmission Security Modeling In Electric Energy Markets","authors":"M. Saleh, Karthik Saikumar, K. Hedman","doi":"10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the pricing implications of modeling transmission security constraints in market clearing models. Most market operators include transmission security constraints in optimization models that are used to determine the commitment and dispatch schedules for both the day ahead and the real time markets. The inclusion of transmission security constraints leads to the rise of a post transmission contingency congestion component in the nodal market clearing prices. Most contemporary market models follow an approach that does not allow for a re-dispatch in generation after the occurrence of a transmission contingency, attempting to arrive at a single market solution that is transmission feasible for both the base case and all modeled post-contingency network models. A theoretical analysis of the pricing implications of transmission security modeling in energy market clearing models (including a model allowing for re-dispatch) is presented by leveraging duality theory.","PeriodicalId":175719,"journal":{"name":"2019 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121040718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}