Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society最新文献

{"title":"The scholar and administrator: personal reflections on Francis Robinson","authors":"Norman Gowar","doi":"10.1017/s135618632300038x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135618632300038x","url":null,"abstract":"It is a privilege to be asked to contribute to this celebration of Francis's career and I am pleased to contribute a few comments beyond those concerned with his immense contributions to his field of study and to pay tribute to him as a major player in the intellectual and social life of Royal Holloway, University of London.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maulana Azad and his memory of the Islamic past: a study of his early writings","authors":"Muzaffar Alam","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000342","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is concerned primarily with Maulana Azad's early political and theological writings with a view to understanding his positions on Islam and the non-Islamic religions. It opens with a brief description of his discussion of Mughal history and religious culture, and then notes his portrayal of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624) as an exemplary political figure, who raised his voice against Akbar's heresy. This portrayal has had a significant historiographical afterlife. Several modern scholars followed Azad's reading. The article asks whether Azad was truly the first to have such a view of the saint, and thereby influenced the modern writings on Mughal India. We will notice that Sirhindi was already portrayed as a political figure in the Mughal-era historical accounts devoted to him. Azad only chose to work within a certain memory of Sirhindi—but why did he choose to use an earlier tradition and not a purely religious interpretive framework of his own for analysing and presenting the saint's position? The article examines Azad's rationale for such a portrayal in light of his political concerns. It then discusses in some depth the theological discourses in his Tazkira and the early issues of Al-Hilāl .","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somnath Mandir in a play of mirrors: heritage, history, and the search for identity of the new nation (1842–1951)","authors":"Tommaso Bobbio","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The story of the Somnath temple, in the northwestern Saurashtra peninsula, has often been taken as an example of the contentious legacies of the penetration, settlement, and political establishment of Muslims in India. Its history testifies to the complex relationship between history, heritage, and the consolidation of collective memories of past events and processes. This article focuses on two key moments in the temple's recent history: the retrieval of the Somnath gates by Lord Ellenborough in 1842 and the reconstruction of the temple between 1947 and 1951. At these two moments—one during colonial times and the other at the creation of the independent state—Somnath became the battlefield for questioning how the state should be positioned with regard to religious places, histories, symbols, and practices. While the temple was apparently dealt with as a tangible place of heritage, both episodes show how the value endowed upon the temple had far more complex meanings. The analysis proposed in this article ends with the reconstruction of the temple. This shows the way in which architects of independent India addressed the country's history, directly or indirectly engaging with the construction of a heritage for the new state. Their efforts aimed to strengthen a shared memory of the past, which could in turn consolidate membership and a sense of belonging to the new nation. Advocates and promoters of the temple's reconstruction, among whom were Vallabhbhai Patel and K. M. Munshi, envisioned that the reconstruction would embody the long-awaited liberation of India from centuries of continuous domination by ‘foreign’ powers. In contrast, secular politicians, with Nehru at the helm, opposed the reconstruction, fearing that Somnath might become the symbol of a sectarian vision of the nation and, in the wake of partition, derail efforts to characterise independent India as an inclusive country. While the reconstruction did eventually take place, the entire episode invites us to question the relationship between the framing of Indian nationalism and the heritagisation of Indian history. Following a critical theoretical approach to Heritage studies, where heritage has less to do with the item that is preserved than with the value with which it is endowed, this article proposes to investigate the meanings that heritage preservation, conservation, and reconstruction acquired as part of the project of nation- and state-building.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A way with words: Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832–1890) and the unexpected power of print","authors":"Barbara Metcalf","doi":"10.1017/s1356186322000670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186322000670","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The writings of Muhammad Siddiq Hasan well exemplify the argument of Francis Robinson's influential article on vernacular print publications that furthered a Protestant Reformation-like democratising of sacred knowledge. Both the number of his publications, and the personal empowerment enjoined by his Ahl-i Hadith jurisprudence, make him, in fact, an ideal exemplar of this kind of publication. He also, however, stands apart. First, his ‘vernacular’ included not only Urdu, but also Arabic and Persian. Second, beyond democratisation, print simultaneously enhanced scholarly authority, and it did so to an unusual extent for Siddiq Hasan because of his pioneering reach beyond India to the Ottoman lands, with Arabic works published and distributed from cities like Istanbul and Cairo. Third, Siddiq Hasan's publications served a diversity of purposes, like Persian publications that enhanced his princely status, and Arabic publications that not only forged transnational networks of like-minded scholars but also, in other hands, served modernist theologians and innovative literary scholars. Finally, in the end, the potential of print turned on him as officials used his publications to allege seditious intent. That denouement aside, the life of Siddiq Hasan's print publication points to a moment of rich intellectual life in the context of colonial rule, taking Robinson's insights on the potential of publication in unexpected directions.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derek Davis (3 May 1945–8 July 2023)","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000433","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient digestibility in black soldier fly larva was greater than in adults for pigs and could be estimated using fiber.","authors":"Jongkeon Kim, Kwanho Park, Sang Yun Ji, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e66","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of the present study were to determine the nutrient digestibility of fish meal, defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), and adult flies and to develop equations for estimating <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of BSFL for pigs. <i>in vitro</i> digestion procedures were employed to mimic the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the pig intestine. Correlation coefficients between chemical composition and <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of BSFL were calculated. In Exp. 1, <i>in vitro</i> ileal digestibility (IVID) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and <i>in vitro</i> total tract digestibility (IVTTD) of DM and organic matter in defatted BSFL meal were less (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those in fish meal but were greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those in adult flies. In Exp. 2, CP concentrations in BSFL were negatively correlated with ether extract (<i>r</i> = -0.91) concentration but positively correlated with acid detergent fiber (ADF; <i>r</i> = 0.98) and chitin (<i>r</i> = 0.95) concentrations. ADF and chitin concentrations in BSFL were negatively correlated with IVID of DM (<i>r</i> = -0.98 and -0.88) and IVTTD of DM (<i>r</i> = -1.00 and -0.94) and organic matter (<i>r</i> = -0.99 and -0.98). Prediction equations for <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of BSFL were developed: IVID of CP (%) = -0.95 × ADF (% DM) + 95 (<i>r</i>² = 0.75 and <i>p</i> = 0.058) and IVTTD of DM (%) = -2.09 × ADF + 113 (<i>r</i>² = 0.99 and <i>p</i> < 0.001). The present <i>in vitro</i> experiments suggest that defatted BSFL meal was less digestible than fish meal but was more digestible than adult flies, and nutrient digestibility of BSFL can be predicted using ADF as an independent variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"89 1","pages":"1002-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10640931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79143122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A munshi discussion on religion, and the Simla Akhbār, circa 1850","authors":"C. Ernst","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000305","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a case study of the changing mentalities that emerged in colonial India, this article analyses a discussion that took place among several munshis (secretaries trained in Persian to run the affairs of princely states), and also provides a translation and edition of the text. The subject was a short polemical letter refuting the immortality of the soul, published around 1850 in the Simla Akhbār (Simla News). The main question entertained in this correspondence was not the merit of the sceptical argument, based in part on modern medical findings, but the potential public impact of dismissing a religious doctrine that sustains morality. Two of the participants in this conversation, Shivaprasad and Sital Singh, displayed the full range of changes that made the nineteenth century so extraordinary, and the way they responded illustrates some of the salient features and stages of this process, including the difficulty of foreseeing the elimination of much of the system for which munshis were trained.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48165202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic-based three-dimensional printing of giant coronary artery fistulas to guide surgical strategy: a case series.","authors":"Mads Ørbæk Andersen, Morten H Smerup, Kim Munk, Ulrik Markus Mortensen, Bjarne Linde Nørgaard, Morten Helvind, Henrik Ørbæk Andersen, Jesper James Linde","doi":"10.1093/ehjcr/ytad413","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjcr/ytad413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are abnormal communications between the coronary arteries and the heart chambers, arteries, or veins, potentially leading to significant shunting, myocardial ischaemia and heart failure. Computed tomographic (CT) angiography or conventional invasive angiography is the reference standard for the diagnosis of coronary fistulas. The fistula anatomy can become very complex, which makes surgical or interventional planning challenging.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We report two cases of hugely dilated and tortuous coronary circumflex artery fistulas draining into the coronary sinus. Both patients were followed up for more than 10 years because of very complex coronary fistula anatomy and mild symptoms. From two-dimensional (2D) sliced CT images alone it, was uncertain whether surgery was feasible. However, since both patients had symptom progression (Patient 1 developed heart failure, and Patient 2 had recurrent pericardial effusions), three-dimensional (3D) heart models were printed for better understanding of the complex fistula anatomy and improved surgical planning. Both patients had successful surgery and symptomatic relief at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The delay in surgery, until clinical deterioration, may partly be a consequence of a general reluctance in performing complex surgery in patients with CAFs. As of now, CT-based 3D printing has primarily been used in isolated cases. However, 3D printing is evolving rapidly and supplementing 2D sliced CT images with a physical 3D heart model may improve the anatomical understanding and pre-surgical planning that could lead to better surgical outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"22 1","pages":"ytad413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78689181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spread of bounties: culinary manuals and knowledge in Mughal South Asia","authors":"Neha Vermani","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000354","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article identifies and examines Persian-language culinary manuals that were produced in South Asia between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries. In doing so, it centres three empirical loci: the definition of food as it was conceptualised during the period under study; the impetus for the textualisation and standardisation of culinary knowledge; and core principles that undergird the cuisine of the Mughal elite. Engaging with these themes, the article privileges the intersection between the discourses on body, food, and ethical self-fashioning as the key site of analysis.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Francis Robinson: personal recollections","authors":"P. Brown","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000391","url":null,"abstract":"The three years that I spent at Royal Holloway, University of London between 1975 and 1978, as professor and head of the History Department, were among the happiest and most purposive of my entire academic life. This was due, in no small part, to my instant friendship with Francis Robinson. We soon realised that our interests converged to a remarkable degree, despite the gulf of almost two millennia between my own concern for the world of Late Antiquity and his with religion and politics in contemporary India and Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43302607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}